THE DIFFERENCES OF POLITENESS STRATEGY USED BY MALE AND FEMALE CHARACTERS OF TWILIGHT MOVIE BASED ON THE SCRIPT
A THESIS
B Y ERNI MARTLAND V. SIMBOLON REG. NO. 080721036
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF LETTERS ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT MEDAN 2010
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, ERNI MARTLAND VIRANTIKA SIMBOLON, declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. Except where reference is made in the text of this thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.
Signed : ……………………… Date
: ………………………
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name
: Erni Martland Virantika Simbolon
Title of Thesis : The Differences of Politeness Strategy Used By Male and Female Characters of Twilight Movie Based on the Script Qualification : S-1 / Sarjana Sastra Department
: English
I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of University of Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Letters, English Department on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed
: ……………………
Date
: ……………………
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Percakapan adalah hal yang tidak bisa dihindari setiap orang normal dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari. Percakapan merupakan bentuk komunikasi paling umum dan paling sering dijumpai dalam berbagai keadaan. Dalam sebuah percakapan bisa saja timbul kecanggungan karena penyampaian bahasa yang salah, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan strategi kesopanan. Disadari atau tidak, setiap pribadi baik laki-laki maupun perempuan memiliki keinginan untuk diterima dan dihargai. Itulah sebabnya, setiap orang seharusnya memperhatikan strategi kesopanan berbahasa dalam percakapan agar bisa diterima oleh semua pihak yang terlibat. Tulisan ini membahas tentang penggunaan strategi kesopanan berbahasa dalam sebuah film yang berjudul Twilight. Pembahasan difokuskan pada perbedaan strategi kesopanan berbahasa yang digunakan tokoh pria dan wanita dalam film tsb. Para tokoh pria yang diamati adalah Edward Cullen dan Charlie Swan, sedangkan tokoh wanitanya adalah Isabella Swan dan Jessica Stanley. Penulis memilih untuk menganalisis penggunaan bahasa dari para tokoh ini karena mereka adalah yang paling sering terlibat dalam percakapan sepanjang cerita film. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengerjaan skripsi ini adalah metode kepustakaan karena semua data yang digunakan dalam bentuk tulisan, termasuk data percakapan para tokoh yang diunduh dari internet dalam bentuk skrip. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teori strategi kesopanan yang digunakan dalam pembahasan adalah teori Brown dan Levinson serta memperhatikan maksim kesopanan Leech. Adapun tujuan dari pembahasan ini adalah untuk memaparkan perbedaan strategi kesopanan yang digunakan pria dan wanita dalam film Twilight dan untuk mengetahui strategi kesopanan mana yang paling sering digunakan oleh pria maupun wanita dalam film ini. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa dari empat jenis strategi kesopanan, strategi kesopanan negatif adalah yang paling sering digunakan pria dalam film ini, yaitu sebanyak 43.75% dari 32 data yang dianalisis. Sementara wanita dalam film ini cenderung lebih sering menggunakan strategi kesopanan positif, yaitu sebanyak 40.625% dari 32 data yang dianalisis.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ, The Almighty God for blessing me in my every step so that I can finish this thesis. Then, I would like to thank Prof. Syaifuddin, M.A., Ph.D., the dean of the Faculty of Letters University of Sumatera Utara. My sincere thanks go to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum, the head of English Department and Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum as the secretary of English Department. Then, I want to extend special thanks to my supervisor, Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL, and my co. supervisor, Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, M.A. In this opportunity, I also want to extend my thankfulness to all the lecturers who have taught me during the academic years. I cannot finish my study and complete this thesis without your helps. I would like to dedicate this thesis to my beloved parents (Mom and Dad), my brothers (Eka and Erpan), little sister (Grace), and my extended family. I am very grateful that I have all of you in my life whether or not I complete this thesis. Also, I say thanks to Mr. Brown for accompanying me in every single night I have spent in completing this thesis. My special thanks are also due to my friends (Rani, Devi ‘mami’, Sarina, and Dessy) who have given me spirit and motivation. I would like to thank kak Novita Dewi, kak Riding, Egha sunbae for offering me help in finishing this thesis. Thanks to kak Eppi and Rama for asking me when I will finish my study almost every time you see me at the office. Thanks to mami Eland for believing
Universitas Sumatera Utara
me and making me believe that I can do this. Last but not least, thanks to kak Yeni for being my friend in finishing this study. Although I have spent several months and have done my very best effort in completing this thesis, I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect, due to my limited knowledge and experience in English. Therefore, I will warmly accept and highly appreciate any constructive and helpful criticisms addressed to this writing.
Medan, July 2010 The Writer,
Erni Martland V. Simbolon Reg. No. 080721036
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
ii
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
iii
ABSTRACT
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
vii
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1. The Background of Study
1
1.2. The Problem of Study
3
1.3. The Objective of Study
3
1.4. The Scope of Study
3
1.5. The Significance of Study
4
1.6. The Method of Study
4
1.7. The Review of Related Literature
4
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
7
The Politeness Theory
7
The Politeness Maxims
10
The Tact Maxim
11
The Generosity Maxim
12
The Approbation Maxim
12
The Modesty Maxim
13
The Agreement Maxim
13
The Sympathy Maxim
14
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
Face and Face Threatening Acts
14
2.3.1. Positive Face Threatening Acts
15
2.3.2. Negative Face Threatening Acts
18
Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategy
20
Bald On-Record Strategy
20
Positive Politeness Strategy
22
Negative Politeness Strategy
24
Off-Record Indirect Strategy
28
THE RESEARCH METHOD
33
3.1. The Method of Study
33
3.2. The Method of Collecting Data
33
3.3. The Method of Analysis
34
THE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS OF POLITENESS STRATEGY USED BY MALE AND FEMALE
CHAPTER V
REFERENCES
CHARACTERS OF TWILIGHT MOVIE
36
4.1.The Analysis
36
4.2.The Findings
71
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
75
5.1.Conclusions
75
5.2.Suggestions
75
ix
Universitas Sumatera Utara
