Bahasa Inggris 2013 MINGGU 7 Diskripsi singkat : Mahasiswa diberikan Relationship between ideas, cloze passage, grammar exercise dan terjemahan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris
Manfaat : Setelah mengikuti kuliah mahasiswa dapat : 1. Mahasiswa bisa melatih grammar exercise dan mengisi cloze passage 2. Mahasiswa bisa menjelaskan Relationship between ideas 3. Mahasiswa bisa menterjemahkan bacaan bahasa Inggris dengan istilah
teknik 4. Mahasiswa dapat menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris
Relevansi : Bab ini menjelaskan tentang Relationship between ideas, melatih mengerjakan grammar exercise dan cloze passage. Dan memperlancar membaca juga melatih menerjemahkan, serta latihan menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris. .
Learning Outcome Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan tentang Relationship between ideas mampu mengerjakan cloze passage dan grammar exercise Dan bisa membaca dengan pronounsation yang benar serta mampu menerjemahkan dengan baik dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia dan sebaliknya.
PENYAJIAN
Aryono Prihandito
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
1
Bahasa Inggris 2013
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IDEAS PARALLEL STRUCTURE, PAIRED CONJUCTION, CAUSE&EFFECT I. PARALLEL STRUCTURE Parallel structure is one of the quickest and easiest ways to make a good impression on your readers, especially experienced readers and writers, because the use of parallel structure is always obvious. Example: If you want to write about the "causes of air pollution" (the controlling statement), your sentence at the end of the introduction could be “..., …. , and ….” So, the objective of this problem is to discuss the three main causes of air pollution which are: (1) exhaust from automobiles, (2) soot from industry smokestacks, and (3) smoke from wood burning fireplaces." (Exhaust, soot, and smoke are all nouns which is parallel structure, but in this case, parallel structure is even more effective because the nouns are all followed by prepositional phrases. While the following examples require just one word and are relatively easy, look for parallel structure when you read because it is used frequently among experienced writers. 1. 2. 3. 4.
The children are energetic and noisy. = adjective + adjective She bought a skirt and a blouse. = noun + noun He walked slowly and confidently to the witness stand. = adverb + adverb Swimming and hiking are my favorite summer activities. = gerund + gerund
Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences using parallel structure. 1. Having no job or _____, the student had to drop out of school. 2. Because I used a computer to do my research paper, I could easily correct spelling errors, move paragraphs around to achieve better organization, and _____. 3. While I was in college, I worked as a waitress, as a typist, and _____. 4. He is a man known for his integrity and _____. 5. Because he was ill and _____, the auto worker left his job. 6. The professor walked through the door, looked at the students, and _____. 7. A farmer spends his life tilling the soil, sowing the seeds, and _____. 8. I was surprised to discover that in person the rock star was warm, friendly, unassuming and _____. Aryono Prihandito
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
2
Bahasa Inggris 2013 Exercise 2: Select the sentence that illustrates the use of proper parallel construction. 1. a. Phuong Tran has wit, charm, and she has an extremely pleasant personality. b. Phuong Tran has wit, charm, and a pleasing personality. 2. a. In English class, Tashonda learned to read poems critically and to appreciate good prose. b. In English class, Tashonda learned to read poems critically and she appreciated good prose. 3. a. Raoul's QPA is higher than Ralph. b. Raoul's QPA is higher than Ralph's. 4. a. He wanted three things out of college: to learn a skill, to make friends, and to learn about life. b. He wanted three things out of college: to learn a skill, to make friends, and learning about life. 5. a. Coach Espinoza was a brilliant strategist, a caring mentor, and a wise friend. b. Coach Espinoza was a brilliant strategist, a caring mentor, and a friend. 6. a. We found the film repulsive, offensive, and we thought it was embarrassing. b. We found the film repulsive, offensive, and embarrassing. 7. a. Mr. Nguyen kept his store clean, neat, and he made it conveniently arranged. b. Mr. Nguyen kept his store clean, neat, and conveniently arranged. 8. a. Professor Ali rewarded his students for working hard on the final project and going beyond the call of duty. b. Professor Ali rewarded his students for their hard work on the final project and going beyond the call of duty. 9. a. There's nothing I like better than finding a good trout stream, setting up camp, and spending a couple of days fishing. b. There's nothing I like better than finding a good trout stream, setting up camp, and to spend a couple of days fishing. II. PAIRED CONJUCTION A paired conjunction (such as not only . . . but also) that links balanced words, phrases, and clauses. The elements connected by correlative conjunctions are usually parallel--that is, similar in length and grammatical form. These are the primary correlative conjunctions in English: both . . . and either . . . or neither . . . nor not . . . but not only . . . but also
Aryono Prihandito
as . . . as just as . . . so the more . . . the less the more . . . the more no sooner . . . than so . . . as T.Geodesi FT-UGM
3
Bahasa Inggris 2013 whether . . . or Example: "Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." (Benjamin Franklin) "To accomplish great things, we must not only act, but also dream; not only plan, but also believe." (Anatole France) "Education is not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire." (William Butler Yeats) "The fascination of shooting as a sport depends almost wholly on whether you are at the right or wrong end of the gun." (P. G. Wodehouse) "In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies but the silence of our friends." (Martin Luther King, Jr.) "It is difficult to produce a television documentary that is both incisive and probing when every twelve minutes one is interrupted by twelve dancing rabbits singing about toilet paper." (Rod Serling) Exercise 1: Match the sentence halves to make a complete sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Both Peter…………………………………….. Not only do we want to go…………………… Either Jack will have to work more hours…… That story was………………………………... Students who do well not only study hard…… In the end he had to choose………………….. Sometimes it is………………………………. I would love to take………………………….. a. but we also have enough money. b. neither true nor realistic. c. not only wise to listen to your parents but also interesting.
Aryono Prihandito
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
4
Bahasa Inggris 2013 d. and I are coming next week. e. either his career or his hobby. f. both my laptop and my cell phone on holiday. g. but also use their instincts if they do not know the answer. h. or we will have to hire somebody new. Exercise 2: Combine the following sentences into one sentence using paired conjunctions: both ... and; not only ... but also; either ... or; neither ... nor 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
We could fly. We could go by train. She will have to study hard. She will have to concentrate to do well on the exam. Jack is not here. Tom is in another city. The speaker will not confirm the story. The speaker will not deny the story. Pneumonia is a dangerous disease. Small pox is a dangerous illness. Fred loves traveling. Jane wants to go around the world. It might rain tomorrow. It might snow tomorrow. Smoking isn't good for your heart. Drinking isn't good for your health.
III. CAUSE AND EFFECT Cause and effect (also written as cause-effect or cause/effect) refers to the philosophical concept of causality, in which an action or event will produce a certain response to the action in the form of another event. A cause is something that makes something else happen. Out of two events, it is the event that happens first. To determine the cause, ask the question "Why Did it Happen?" An effect is what happens as a result of the cause. Of two related events, it’s the one that happens second or last. To determine the effect, ask the question "What Happened?" Example: CAUSE The boy kicked the ball. The girl teased the cat. Sally studied hard for a test. Joe became really tired.
EFFECT The ball rolled. The cat growled. Sally earned an A on her test. Joe went to sleep early.
Exercise: Aryono Prihandito
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
5
Bahasa Inggris 2013 Choose the correct answer 1. The ice cream cone melted because it was a hot day. What is the cause? a. a. The ice cream cone melted b. b. Ice cream cone c. c. because it was a hot day d. d. Ice cream is yummy 2. If you see a Tasmanian devil at night, it is suggested you run away because a. a. They are ugly. b. b. They are mean. c. c. They kill small animals. d. d. They only hunt at night. 3. What animal is about three feet long, has a twelve inch tail, and black and white fur? The animal is terribly mean. The Tasmanian devil is a marsupial that gives birth to its babies. The baby is placed in a pouch to grow up. It takes about fifteen to sixteen weeks for the baby to get enough of its mother's milk to be able to leave the pouch. These ugly, mean animals live in Australia. They sneak around at night and kill small animals. Sometimes they eat dead animals to survive. If you run into a Tasmanian devil at night, run away! They are not the cute cartoon pictures that you grew up with. They have sharp teeth!
a. b. c. d.
The reason why the Tasmanian devil can't leave the pouch too early is because... a. It needs to be protected by its mother. b. A cord connects the Tasmanian devil to its mother. c. There is a strong bond between the mom and the young Tasmanian devil. d. It needs its mother's milk.
4. Since no one signed up for the school talent show, the teachers decided to cancel it and try again next year. What is the cause? a. a. no one signed up for the school talent show b. b. they canceled the show c. c. they will try again next year d. d. many kids signed up for the talent show 5. The result of something happening after an event occurs is called the a. a. contrast b. b. cause c. c. effect
.
6. The following is cause and effect sentence. The girl was scared because of the thunder, lightning and dark sky. a. a. True b. b. False
Aryono Prihandito
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
6
Bahasa Inggris 2013 7. Tylanda is a student at Lakeland. She needs to type up a paper for social studies class on a famous person from African American History. She does not have a computer at home, but needs to find a way to complete the assignment. Which of the following is NOT a possible solution: a. a. hand-write the assignment on lined paper. b. b. use one of the classroom computers after school. c. c. go to a friend's house and use his/her computer. d. d. go to the public library to type the assignment. 8. Students at school have been sick all winter long. Many students have missed over a week of school due to the viruses passing from student to student. A few students, though, have not gotten sick at all. They have had perfect attendance. When asked why they had not gotten sick, the students explained that they cleaned their hands regularly with handsanitizer. What is the CAUSE of the students not getting sick? a. a. They missed no school. b. b. They missed many days of school. c. c. They used hand-sanitizer. d. d. They ate breakfast everyday. 9. Elizabeth could not go to the party due to the fact that she was sick. Which words join the cause and effect parts of the above sentence? a. a. Because b. b. Could not c. c. She was sick. d. d. Due to the fact 10. My ice cream was melting AS A RESULT OF the hot weather. What is the effect? a. a. The ice cream melted. b. b. As a result of cold weather my ice cream melted. c. c. I was standing in the rain. d. d. The hot weather made my ice cream melt.
READING & TRANSLATION
MAP PROJECTION
A map shows graphically the location of certain features on or near the surface of the earth. Since the surface of the earth is curved and the surface of the map is flat, no map can be made to represent a certain territory without distortion. If the area is small, Aryono Prihandito
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
7
Bahasa Inggris 2013 the earth surface regarded as a plane, the map constructed by orthographic projection, will represent the relative location of points without distortion. The maps of plane surveying are constructed in this manner, points being plotted by rectangular coordinates or by horizontal angles and distance. If the size of the region increases, this method becomes inadequate, and various forms of projection are employed to minimize the distortion. Control points are plotted by Spherical coordinates, or the latitude and longitude of points. Latitude is the angular distance above or below the equator and longitude is the angular distance in the plane of equator east or west of the Greenwich Meridian.
TRANSLATION
Sebuah peluru kendali Trident dengan jarak jangkauan mencapai 6.900 mil diluncurkan dari Tanjung Canaveral dalam percobaan peluncuran yang dianggap berhasil yang ke 9 dari program Trident angkatan laut yang bernilai 21,6 miyar dolar. Jarak jangkauan peluncuran itu tidak dijelaskan. Sebelas kapal selam sedang dibuat untuk membawa peluru2 kendali Trident dalam tahun 1988 . Tiap kapal selam akan membawa 24 peluru kendali. Peluru kendali trident juga akan dibawa oleh 10 diantara kapal selam jenis Poseidon yang masing2 membawa 16 peluru kendali.
PENUTUP Dengan selesainya ini berati mahasiswa sudah mengerti tentang Relationship between ideas dan mengetahui tentang cara membaca dengan lancar dan dengan pucapan yang betul serta mencoba menterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia dan sebaliknya.
Aryono Prihandito
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
8
Bahasa Inggris 2013 Tes Formatif Combine the following sentences into one sentence using paired conjunctions: both ... and; not only ... but also; either ... or; neither ... nor 1. We could fly. We could go by train. 2. She will have to study hard. She will have to concentrate to do well on the exam. 3. Jack is not here. Tom is in another city. 4. The speaker will not confirm the story. The speaker will not deny the story
Kunci Tes Formatif 1. Either we could fly or go by train 2. Both she will have to study hard and concentrate on the exam 3. Neither Jack nor Tom is not here 4. Not only the speaker will not confirm the story but also will not deny the story
Petunjuk penilaian Kriteria menjelaskan tentang Relationship between ideas Menterjemahkan dari
1
Menjelaskan sebagian kecil Menterjemah bahasa Indonesia ke kan sebagian bahasa Inggris kecil
2
3
Menjelaskan sebagian besar Menterjemah kan sebagian besar
Menjelaskan keseluruhan Menterjemah kan keseluruhan
Umpan balik Membantu dalam berdiskusi, memeriksa hasil quisioner.
Aryono Prihandito
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
9
Bahasa Inggris 2013
Tindak lanjut Mahasiswa yang kurang dapat mengerjakan tes dapat mempelajari di bahan ajar dan pustaka yang ada.
Daftar Pustaka 1. USA, Azar, Betty Schrampfer, 1989, Understanding and Using English Grammar, edisi kedua, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey : Prentice Hall Regents. 2 Jordan, R.R., 1980, Academic Writing Course, Collins, London, Glasgow. 3.Oneal & King Bury, 1975, Kernl Lesson Intermediate, edisi ketiga, Longman Group, London. 4. Peterson, Patricia Wilcox, 1980, Changing Times, Changing Teses : A Review of The English Tense Systm, English Teaching Division, Educational and Cultural Afair, International Communication Agency Washington DC
Aryono Prihandito
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
10
Bahasa Inggris 2013 Rencana Kegiatan Pembelajaran Mingguan (RKPM) Ke 7 : LO (learning outcome) yang akan dicapai harus mengikuti SMART
Minggu ke 1
7
2 Kognitif: Mahasiswa dpt menerangkan tentang Relationship between ideas dan menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris Affektif: Mahasiswa mampu berdiskusi.
Aryono Prihandito
Pokok Bahasan (Topik)
Sub Pokok Bahasan
3
4
Relationship between ideas
a. Relationship between ideas b. translation, reading, cloze passage, grammar exercise
Metode pembelaj aran (STAR)
Apa yang harus dilakukan mahasiswa
Apa yang harus dilakukan dosen
Media ajar
Assessmen t
Method of assessmen ts
Pustaka
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Masing masing kelompok menyiapkan materi utk diskusi tentang Sub Pokok Bahasan.
Menentukan kelompok.
Lembar kerja,.
Pemerinkatan individu.
1,2
Collaborati ve Learning
Diskusi antar kelompok.
T.Geodesi FT-UGM
Menjiapkan dan menjelaskan materi. Fasilitator & Evaluator diskusi.
11
Penilaian thd: Penyiapan Materi (antar kelompok) Keaktifan& Kemampuan berdiskusi (individu)
