OBSAH 1/2006 B. ŠRAMOVÁ: Štýly identity adolescentov a výchovný štýl v rodine M. VÁGNEROVÁ - L. KREJČOVÁ: Sebehodnocení čtenářských dovedností dyslektiků L. KUKLA - D. HRUBÁ - M. TYRLÍK: Kouření matek v těhotenství ve vztahu k poruchám psychického a motorického vývoje dětí ve věku 3 a 5 let. Výsledky studie ELSPAC
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PSYCHOLÓGIA A VÝCHOVNO-VZDELÁVACÍ PROCES M. VELICKÁ - L. POŽÁR: Zdravá výživa a projekt Škola podporujúca zdravie
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METODIKY A KONZULTÁCIE J. ŠPITKA: Diagnostikovanie študijných záujmov v kariérnom poradenstve pre stredoškolákov
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KAZUISTIKA M. BUCKOVÁ: Aspergerov syndróm: Kognitívno-behaviorálna odpoveď, ale nie vyliečenie
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SPRÁVY Prof. PhDr. Ladislav Požár, CSc. má 75 rokov (M. ANDREÁNSKY)
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RECENZIE K. PAULÍK a kol.: Uplatnění věd o člověku v sociální práci (A. SCHINGLEROVÁ) J. KLIMEŠ: Partneři a rozchody (S. URIGOVÁ) M. MIOVSKÝ: Kvalitativní přístup a metody v psychologickém výzkumu (J. URIGA)
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Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 41, 2006, č. 1, s. 3-14. ŠTÝLY IDENTITY ADOLESCENTOV A VÝCHOVNÝ ŠTÝL V RODINE BLANDÍNA ŠRAMOVÁ Katedra pedagogickej psychológie FSVaZ, UKF Nitra ADOLESCENTS' IDENTITY STYLES AND FAMILY EDUCATION STYLE Abstract: The contribution deals with the relationship between social-cognitive identity styles and perception of education style applied in families of adolescents. The results of the research pointed at the following relationships: The positive education style, as well as directive education styles in family of adolescents support his/her active approach toward defining himself/herself (information identity style) and acceptance of the recognized norms (normative identity style). Autonomous education style supports the construction of diffusive identity style, and deferring of identity fulfillment. Commitment correlates positively with information and normative identity style, and negatively with diffusive identity. Girls are more active in structuring of identity in searching for information that confirms one's own self with more conform orientation than boys that have rather tendency to retract defining of one's own personality and who perceive, in a higher measure, the autonomous education style of parents. Key words: information identity style, normative identity style, diffusive identity style, commitment, family education styles
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 41, 2006, č. 1, s. 15-38. SEBEHODNOCENÍ ČTENÁŘSKÝCH DOVEDNOSTÍ DYSLEKTIKŮ MARIE VÁGNEROVÁ - LENKA KREJČOVÁ Psychiatrické centrum, Praha SELF-ESTEEM OF READING SKILLS IN DYSLECTIC CHILDREN Abstract: Self-esteem of reading skills in dyslectic children can be influenced by various factors. It not only depends on real child's performance, but also on parents' and teachers' attitudes to child, and on comparison with reading of schoolmates. Self-esteem of reading in dyslectic schoolers involves the complex evaluation of one's own reading, subjective feeling of coping with reading stress, perception of achieved improvement in reading, and motivation to this activity. Self-esteem of reading in dyslectic children was highly and significantly dependent on real performance, but also on the class context. Self-esteem of dyslectic children from regular classes was worse; they can, in comparison with their schoolmates, feel more disadvantaged than pupils of specialized classes. Comparison of self-evaluation of reading skills in dyslectic children with evaluation of their reading by parents confirmed a high measure of accordance in all areas. Parents and children match with the opinion on the measure of coping with reading stress relatively minimally. Parents can best estimate visible reading manifestations, i.e. attitudes to reading, but they are not so empathic to feelings of their child. Key words: dyslexia, self-esteem of reading in dyslectic children, evaluation of reading of dyslectics by parents, reading stress, motivation to reading
Psychológa a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 41, 2006, č. 1, s. 39-49. KOUŘENÍ MATEK V TĚHOTENSTVÍ VE VZTAHU K PORUCHÁM PSYCHICKÉHO A MOTORICKÉHO VÝVOJE DĚTÍ VE VĚKU 3 A 5 LET. VÝSLEDKY STUDIE ELSPAC LUBOMÍR KUKLA - DRAHOSLAVA HRUBÁ - MOJMÍR TYRLÍK Oddělení preventivní a sociální pediatrie Ústavu sociálního lékařství a veřejného zdravotnictví LF MU, Brno, ČR, Ústav preventivního lékařství LF MU, Brno, ČR, Psychologický ústav FF MU, Brno, ČR SMOKING OF MOTHERS DURING PREGNANCY IN RELATION TO MENTAL AND MOTORIC DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS IN 3- AND 5-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN. THE ELSPAC STUDY RESULTS Abstract: The signs that characterize motoric, psychosocial and mental development, and temperament of children were selected from the data of mothers and attending physicians in examination of children at the age of 3 and 5 years within the scope of the prospective longitudinal study - ELSPAC. The prenatal and early postnatal exposition of children to cigarette smoke was assessed according to mothers' testimonies about their smoking behavior, which was mapped 6 weeks after child delivery. The followed data was gathered about 3,400 3-yearold and 4,983 5-year-old children: 90.5% of children in both stages of the examination was not exposed to smoking; 7.2% of children had mothers that smoked during the whole pregnancy period. The prenatal expositions of children to passive smoking was related to significantly more frequent absence of skills requiring more complicated motoric coordination, as well as to occurrence of data on absentmindedness, inability to concentrate oneself, hyperactivity, absence of social plays and absence of contacts with other children, and manifestations of aggressive behavior. At the age of 5 years, the exposed group manifested more frequent signals of possible delay in school maturity development. The physicians, in both stage of examination, found in the exposed children - with greater frequency significance - a delayed mental development in the area of vocabularyexpression advancement, concentration, socialization, school maturity, and significant negativisms. Significantly higher was also the frequency of sleep and food disorders in these children, and - on the contrary, the lowest occurrence of the apparent right-hand preference. Key words: smoking during pregnancy, preschool age, behavior disorders, delay of mental development
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 41, 2006, č. 1, s. 50-64. ZDRAVÁ VÝŽIVA A PROJEKT ŠKOLA PODPORUJÚCA ZDRAVIE MIROSLAVA VELICKÁ - LADISLAV POŽÁR Pedagogická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity, Trnava HEALTHY NUTRITION AND PROJECT OF HEALTH-SUPPORTING SCHOOL Abstract: The goal of the study is to find attitudes of pupils of basic school to healthy nutrition. As it is logical to presume that attitudes of pupils to healthy nutrition will be more favorable in pupils of school that joined the project of Health-Supporting School, the authors tried to verify this assumption. They compared the attitudes of pupils of schools that joined the above-mentioned project with attitudes of pupils of schools that did not join this project. The results give evidence that the fact whether a given school joined the project or not does not have practically any influence on attitudes of pupils to healthy nutrition. In addition to this, it was also found that children's knowledge about healthy nutrition (cognitive component of attitude) is relatively good, but they still prefer unhealthy components of nutrition in eating (conative component of attitude). This is mostly caused by wrong eating in families, and - to a certain extent - also by offer of beverages and foods in school snack bars. Key words: healthy nutrition, project of Health-Supporting School, attitudes, knowledge about healthy nutrition
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 41, 2006, č. 1, s. 65-75. DIAGNOSTIKOVANIE ŠTUDIJNÝCH ZÁUJMOV V KARIÉRNOM PORADENSTVE PRE STREDOŠKOLÁKOV JÁN ŠPITKA Pedagogicko-psychologická poradňa pre stredné školy, Košice DIAGNOSTICS OF STUDY INTERESTS IN CAREER COUNSELING FOR HIGH SCHOOLERS Abstract: The contribution focuses on diagnostics issues of study interests of pupils of secondary schools from the aspect of directing their study-professional development and career. It gives a brief overview of the tools used for this purpose, and it presents a new methodology applicable in individual and group counseling for high schoolers, which allows quite interestingly and heuristically to comprehend the gradualness of steps from pointing out the desired and from expanding the acceptable goals - study directions, finding relationships and connections between them, their categorization and hierarchization, and finally, reconnaissance of one's own priorities. Author also takes into account the standardization and publication of the methodology for needs of career counseling at secondary schools. Key words: interest and motivation structure; manifested, expressed and measured interests, diagnostics of study interests
Psychológia a patopsychológia dieťaťa, 41, 2006, č. 1, s. 76-85. ASPERGEROV SYNDRÓM: KOGNITÍVNO-BEHAVIORÁLNA ODPOVEĎ, ALE NIE VYLIEČENIE MICHAELA BUCKOVÁ Intercollege, Cyprus ASPERGER'S SYNDROME: THE COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL ANSWER, BUT NOT RESTORING TO HEALTH Abstract: In the past, the Asperger's syndrome was described as a form of autism. A turnover occurred only recently when this disorder started to be considered as an independent syndrome that affects 1 of 250 children. The disorder's basic symptoms are considered to be various degrees of impairment in the communication and social area; restrained patterns of behavior, and adherence to daily routine. The article is focused on one of the possible therapeutic procedures - cognitive-behavioral therapy, and it briefly describes its use in a case study. Key words: Asperger s syndrome, autism, Theory of Mind, central coherence, cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral strategies
