PERTANIAN
LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN HIBAH BERSAING TAHUN I
STUDI GENETIK JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) BERDASARKAN MARKA SSR UNTUK MENDUKUNG PERCEPATAN PENYEDIAAN BAHAN TANAM UNGGUL BARU
Oleh : Darmawan Saptadi, S.P.,M.P. Niken Kendarini, S.P.,M.P. Ir. Rr. Sri Hartati, M.P.
Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional, melalui DIPA Universitas Brawijaya berdasarkan SK Rektor Nomor: 039/SK/2010, tanggal 17 Februari 2010.
Universitas Brawijaya Nopember 2010
RINGKASAN
Pengembangan jarak pagar untuk mendukung penyediaan bahan bakar nabati semakin mendesak. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan jarak pagar adalah belum tersedianya bahan tanam yang unggul dan menguntungkan secara ekonomis. Jarak pagar adalah tanaman tahunan yang berpenyerbukan terbuka. Metode yang lebih efisien dan efektif dalam perakitan varietas unggul adalah melalui pembuatan populasi hibrida yang heterogen tetapi mempunyai rerata hasil yang tinggi. Syarat untuk perakitan varietas hibrida adalah adanya informasi genetik tetua yang representatif.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi genetik populasi tetua jarak pagar yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk merancang sebuah skema persilangan untuk mendapatkan sebuah populasi hibrida unggul. Informasi genetik dievaluasi dengan memanfaatkan marka molekuler SSR yang relatif sensitif dan bebas dari bias lingkungan. Pengembangan primer SSR telah dilakukan dan didapatkan 28 pasang primer yang yang digunakan untuk evaluasi keragaman genetik 60 nomor koleksi jarak pagar. Tidak ada satupun primer yang menunjukkan polimorfisme. 10 primer tambahan telah digunakan untuk mengevaluasi populasi yang sama dan tidak diperoleh pita yang polimorf. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi diketahui bahwa tidak ada keragaman genetik pada populasi jarak pagar yang diteliti. sehingga kegiatan penelitian yang direncanakan pada tahun ke 2 tidak dapat dilakukan. Kegiatan lain yang telah dilakukan adalah persilangan beberapa kandidat tetua yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi. Hasil persilangan (F1) telah ditanam di lapangan dan saat ini dalampemeliharaan.
SUMMARY Developing physic nut was needed to support biofuel availability. Lack of superior variety was being one of the obstacle of physic nut development. Physic nut was annual and open pollinated plant. Developing the heterogenic hybrid variety was the effective and efficient method to make superior variety. The representative genetic information of parent candidate was the prerequisite of hybrid variety development.
This research was conducted to identify genetic background of candidate parent of physic nut. Genetic identity needed to arrange crossing scheme in order to get the superior hybrid population. Genetic background was identified by SSR marker which has high sensitivity and free from environment bias. Primer development has been done and 28 pair of SSR primer designed successfully. Designed SRR primer was used for evaluate 60 accessions of physics nut. There is no polymorphism found among these primers. The addition of 10 primer indicate the same result. Based on this result, it could be concluded that there was no diversity within physic nut population used in this research. The next step activity planned for second year therefore could not be done. Other activity of this research was crossing several parent candidate which has high yield potential. Offspring of these crossing have been planted in field.
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