KONSEP TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (KTI)

KONSEP TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (KTI)

By : Solikin WS. [email protected]

9/17/2008

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG by.sws

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Diktat dpt di Unduh

www.iqrosol.wordpress.com

W-Blog :

www.solikinws.wordpress.com

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Tugas-1

Kirim Identitas diri via email ke [email protected] Npm, nm, jur, almt, hp

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Tugas-2

Kirim e-Card via email ke [email protected] Kartu Lebaran

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COMPONENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Hardware (H/W) Software (S/W) Brainware (B/W) Databases Telecommunication and The Internet

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COMPONENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) 1. 2. 3. 4.

T-echnoware (H/W, S/W, Network) I-nfoware (Data dan Informasi) O-rganware (Prosedur & Organisasi) H-umanware (User/Brainware)

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HARDWARE (H/W)

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What is a Computer System? The Evolution of Computer H/W Types of Computers The Microprocessor and Primary Storage Input/Output Devices


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What is a Computer System? Computer H/W is composed of the following components :

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CPU (Central Processing Unit) Input Device Output Device Primary Storage Secondary Storage and Communication Devices Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG by.sws

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What is a Computer System? INPUT DEVICE

OUTPUT DEVICE

CPU bus

CU

ALU

bus

PRIMARY STORAGE

bus

bus

SECONDARY STORAGE

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COMMUNICATI ON DEVICE


External Network

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The Framework of the Computer

The INPUT DEVICES accept data and instructions and convert them to a form that the computer can understand The OUTPUT DEVICE present data in a form people can understand The PRIMARY STORAGE (internal storage) temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing The SECONDARY STORAGE (external) stores data and program for future use Finally, the COMMUNICATION DEVICE provide for the flow of data from external computer networks (e.g. internet, intranet) to the CPU and from CPU to computer network

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Kerangka Kerja Komputer

Alat Masukan (INPUT DEVICES) merupakan alat untuk menerima data dan instruksi sekaligus mengkonversinya ke dalam bentuk yang dapat dimengerti oleh komputer Alat Keluaran (OUTPUT DEVICE) merupakan alat untuk menampilkan data yang dapat dimengerti oleh user Alat Penyimpanan Utama (PRIMARY STORAGE / internal storage) merupakan alat untuk menyimpan data tapi bersifat sementara (temporary) dan instruksi program selama proses Alat Penyimpanan Sekunder (The SECONDARY STORAGE / external storage) merupakan alat untuk menyimpan data dan program secara permanen / tetap (fixed) yang dapat di akses di kemudian hari. Alat Komunikasi (the COMMUNICATION DEVICE) merupakan alat untuk mengalirkan data dari jaringan komputer eksternal (e.g. internet, intranet) ke CPU dan sebaliknya.

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Representing Data, Pictures, Time and Size in a Computer 1. 2. 3.

Representing Data Representing Picture Representing Time and Size of Bytes

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1. Representing Data Binary Digit (bit) : 0 or 1 (“on” or “off”) Bit represent specific characters : LETTERS, NUMBERS, and SPECIAL SYMBOLS is known as a BYTE. 1 byte = 8 bits or 28 = 256 unique character Coding :

ASCII (American National Standard code for Information Interchange) EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code), by IBM

Table : EBCDIC and ASCII

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KODE YG MEWAKILI DATA

Komputer Generasi-1 : 1 byte = 4 bit Menggunakan Sistem Penkodean -> BCD Komputer Generasi-2 : 1 byte = 6 bit Menggunakan Sistem Penkodean -> SBCDIC Komputer Generasi Skr : 1 byte = 8 bit, 16, 32, 64,128 byte Menggunakan Sistem Penkodean :-> EBCDIC, ASCII-7/8 9/17/2008


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KODE YG MEWAKILI DATA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

BCD SBCDIC EBCDIC ASCII-7 ASCII-8 9/17/2008


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KODE BCD

BCD (Binary Code Decimal) BCD = Binary Code Decimal 1 byte = 4 bit, 24 kombinasi = 16 kombinasi kode dari kombinasi hy 10 yg dipake

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Kode BCD

DESIMAL

KODE BCD

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

1

2

0

0

1

0

3

0

0

1

1

4

0

1

0

0

5

0

1

0

1

6

0

1

1

0

7

0

1

1

1

8

1

0

0

0

9

1

0

0

1

10 11 12 13 14 15

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KODE SBCDIC

SBCDIC = Standard Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code 1 byte = 6 bit, 26 kombinasi = 64 kombinasi kode

10 angka 26 huruf besar 28 simbol khusus

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Kode SBCDIC di bagi 2 Zone Zone Alphabet (AB) Zone Numerik (8 4 2 1) Alphabet numeric A|B 8|4|2|1

AB 00 : 11 : 10 : 01 :

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angka (0-9) huruf (A-I) huruf (J-R) huruf (S-Z) Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG by.sws

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Kode SBCDIC

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KODE EBCDIC

EBCDIC = Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code 1 byte = 8 bit Kombinasi 28 = 256 kombinasi Di bagi dlm beberapa Zone yaitu sbb :

High-Order Bits dan Low-Order Bits

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Zone EBCDIC 1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8 1-4 : High-Order Bits (Zone Bits) 5-8 : Low-Order Bits (Numeric Bits) Ketentuan : Zone Bits 1,2 :

11 10 01 00

: : : :

huruf besar (capital) dan numeric huruf kecil karakter khusus tdk ada karakter yg diwakili

Zone Bits 3,4 :

00 01 10 11

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: : : :

A-I J–R S-Z numeric 0-9 Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG by.sws

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KODE EBCDIC

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Contoh

Char A 6

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BDC SBCDIC EBCDIC - 110001 1100 0001 0110 000110 1111 0110


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ASCII Table

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Extended ASCII Codes

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2. Representing Picture

Representing pictures by a GRID The Computer measures the color (or light level) of each cell of the grid. The unit measurement of this is called a PIXEL e.g. : pixel representation of the letter “A”

Pixel Diagram

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0

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

Input Code


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3. Representing Time and Size of Bytes Representing Time : Millisecond = 1/1000 seconds Microsecond = 1/1,000,000 seconds Nanosecond = 1/1,000,000,000 seconds Picosecond = 1/1,000,000,000,000 seconds Size is measured by the number of bytes, common measures are: Kilobyte (KB) = 1000 bytes (actually 1024) Megabyte (MG)= 1000 kilobytes = 106 bytes Gigabyte (GB) = 109 bytes Terabyte (TB) = 1012 bytes

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The Evolution of Computer Hardware (2) Generation Feature

1st

2nd

4th(early)

3rd

4th (1988)

Circuitry

Vacuum tubes

Transistor

IC

LSI and VLSI

ULSI

Primary Storage

2 KB

64 KB

4 MB

16 MB

64 MB

Cyle Times

100 millisecs

10 microsecs

500 nanosecs

800 picosecs

2000 picosecs

Turban,IT For Management, 2nd, 199,699

IC = Integrated Circuit SLI = Small Scale Integration MSI = Medium Scale Integration LSI = Large Scale Integration VLSI= Very Large Scale Integration ULSI = Ultra Large Scale Integration 9/17/2008


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The Evolution of Computer Hardware(3)

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The Evolution of Computer Hardware(4) Fifth-Generation Computers

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First generatioan : based on Von Neumann Architecture -> processed information sequentially, one instruction a time. Fifth-Generation : uses massively parallel processing -> process multiple instructions simultaneously (trillion point operations per second-a teraflop). Afloating point operation (flop) is a basic computer arithmetic operation (addition, substraction, include decimal point) Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG by.sws

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The Evolution of Computer Hardware(5) Future-Generation Computers

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Two major innovations are in experimental stages: DNA Computres : process in parallel and are potentially twice as fast as today’s fastest supercomputers. DNA Computers have storage densities of one bit second per cubic nanometer, a trillion times less space. Optical Computers : uses “optoelectronic”, process information several hundred times faster than current computers. Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG by.sws

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The Evolution of Computer Hardware(6)

Types of Computers Supercomputers Mainframes Minicomputers Workstation Microcomputers

Network Computer and Terminals

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Desktop personal computer (laptop computers, notebooks) Palmtop computers PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) Smart Cards Network Computers

Windows-Based Terminals(WBTS


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KONSEP TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (KTI)

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