DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................................. i LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ........................................................................... ii SURAT KETERANGAN PELAKSANAAN .................................................................... iii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ..................................................................... iv LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ............................................................................... v HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN .......................................................................................... vi HALAMAN MOTTO ........................................................................................................vii KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................................... viii ABSTRAKS .......................................................................................................................... x DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................................. xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................................... xv DAFTAR NOTASI ........................................................................................................... xvi
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................... 5 1.3 Batasan Masalah .............................................................................................. 5 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian.............................................................................................. 6 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................................ 6 1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................................... 7
BAB II KAJIAN LITERATUR 2.1 Kajian Deduktif ............................................................................................... 9 2.2 Landasan Teori .............................................................................................. 11 2.2.1 Ergonomi ............................................................................................. 11 2.2.2 Sistem Kerja ........................................................................................ 13 2.2.3 Produktivitas ....................................................................................... 15 xi
2.2.4 Metode Ergonomi Makro .................................................................... 18 2.2.5 Macroergonomic Organizational Questionnaire Survey (MOQS) ...... 20 2.2.6 Metode Penelitian Survei .................................................................... 23 2.2.7 Populasi dan Sampel ........................................................................... 26 2.2.8 Jenis-jenis Instrumen Penelitian .......................................................... 27 2.2.9 Uji Validitas ........................................................................................ 28 2.2.10 Uji Reliabilitas .................................................................................. 31 2.2.11 Skala Pengukuran .............................................................................. 33 2.2.12 Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis) ........................................................... 35
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 3.1 Sifat Penelitian ............................................................................................. 38 3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................................... 38 3.3 Subjek dan Objek Penelitian ........................................................................ 38 3.4 Variabel Penelitian ....................................................................................... 39 3.5 Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................................... 39 3.6 Populasi Penelitian ....................................................................................... 40 3.7 Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................................... 41 3.7.1 Observasi Pendahuluan dan Studi Pustaka .......................................... 41 3.7.2 Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................. 41 3.7.3 Pengolahan Data .................................................................................. 43 3.7.4 Analisis dan pembahasan .................................................................... 43 3.7.5 Diagram alur penelitian ....................................................................... 44
BAB IV PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA 4.1 Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................ 45 4.1.1 Kisi–kisi Kuisioner ............................................................................ 46 4.1.2 Demografi Pekerja .............................................................................. 48 4.1.3 Content Validity (Validitas Isi) .......................................................... 50 4.2 Pengolahan Data ............................................................................................ 56 4.2.1 Construct Validity (Validitas Konstrak) ............................................. 56 4.2.2 Predictive Validity (Validitas Prediktif) ............................................. 60 xii
4.2.3 Uji Reliabilitas Kuisioner Uji Coba ................................................... 67 4.2.4 Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis) ............................................................ 72
BAB V PEMBAHASAN 5.1 Pembahasan ................................................................................................... 102 5.1.1 Analisis dan Interpretasi Analisis Jalur .............................................. 103 5.1.2 Perbaikan terhadap Faktor Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produktivitas112
BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 6.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................................................. 118 6.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 120 6.2.1 Saran Untuk PD. Super Bintan Sinar Abadi ..................................... 120 6.2.2 Saran Untuk Peneliti Selanjutnya ..................................................... 124
DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1
Perbandingan Antara Ergonomi Mikro Dengan Ergonomi Makro ................... 19
Tabel 4.1
Kisi - Kisi Kuisioner......................................................................................... 46
Tabel 4.2
Data Kuisioner Pendahuluan Uji Coba ............................................................. 50
Tabel 4.3
Data Kuisioner Penelitian Tertutup .................................................................. 52
Tabel 4.4
Lanjutan Data Kuisioner Penelitian Tertutup ................................................... 54
Tabel 4.5
Data dan Validasi Instrumen Pertama .............................................................. 57
Tabel 4.6
Hasil Pengujian Validitas Instrumen ................................................................ 58
Tabel 4.7
Perhitungan Reliabilitas Instrumen .................................................................. 69
Tabel 4.8
Pengelompokan Jawaban Responden ............................................................... 75
Tabel 4.9
Proses Transformasi Data Ordinal Menjadi Data Interval ................................ 79
Tabel 4.10 Hasil Transformasi Skala Data ......................................................................... 80 Tabel 4.11 Data Penelitian Berskala Interval ..................................................................... 82 Tabel 4.12 Lanjutan Data Penelitian Berskala Interval ...................................................... 84 Tabel 4.13 Rekapitulasi Skor Variabel ............................................................................... 86 Tabel 4.14 Korelasi Antar Variabel (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, dan Y) .............................. 87 Tabel 4.15 Variabel Entered / Removed ............................................................................. 87 Tabel 4.16 Korelasi Model Summary ................................................................................. 88 Tabel 4.17 Anova ............................................................................................................... 88 Tabel 4.18 Koefisien Regresi ............................................................................................. 88 Tabel 4.19 Kontribusi Variabel Bebas ................................................................................ 91 Tabel 4.20 Kontribusi simultan X1, X2, X4, X5 terhadap Y .................................................. 92
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 3.1
Kerangka Konsep .......................................................................................... 40
Gambar 3.2
Flowchart Penelitian ..................................................................................... 44
Gambar 4.1
Kriteria Jenis Kelamin Responden ................................................................ 48
Gambar 4.2
Kriteria Usia Responden ............................................................................... 49
Gambar 4.3
Kriteria Pendidikan Responden .................................................................... 49
Gambar 4.4
Kriteria Masa Kerja Responden .................................................................... 50
Gambar 4.5
Diagram Jalur (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 dan Y) ............................................ 73
Gambar 4.6
Diagram Jalur Akhir ..................................................................................... 90
Gambar 5.1
Hubungan Kausalitas Variabel Penelitian ................................................... 103
xv
DAFTAR NOTASI rhitung
: Koefisien korelasi
∑xi
: Jumlah skor item
∑yi
: Jumlah skor total (seluruh item)
N
: Jumlah responden
thitung
: Nilai thitung
rhitung
: Koefisien korelasi hasil rhitung
n
: Jumlah responden
i 2
: Varians skor tiap-tiap item
Xi 2
: Jumlah kuadrat item Xi
( Xi ) 2
: Jumlah item Xi dikuadratkan
i 2
: Jumlah varians semua item.
t 2
: Varians skor tiap-tiap item
Xt 2
: Jumlah kuadrat item Xt
( Xi ) 2
: Jumlah item Xt dikuadratkan
n
: Jumlah responden
r11
: Nilai reliabilitas
i 2
: Jumlah varians skor tiap-tiap item
i 2
: Varians total
k
: Jumlah item
Rij
: Nilai korelasi parsial antara variabel i dan j diperoleh dari tabel korelasi
Ρij
: Koefisien jalur antara variabel i dan j diperoleh dari tabel regresi
€
: Pengaruh variabel lain (error)
KP
: Nilai koefisien determinan
r
: Nilai koefisien korelasi (beta pada Standdardized Cofficients)
xvi
