10/25/2009
Kerangka kebijakan implementasi REDD di Indonesia Wandojo Siswanto Staf Ahli Menteri Bidang Kemitraan
[email protected]
Jurnalis Workshop WWF - SIEJ, Bogor, 23 Oktober 2009
PENGANTAR : ISU KEHUTANAN DALAM NEGOSIASI TENTANG PERUBAHAN IKLIM INTERNASIONAL Politik- ekonomi (e.g. penolakan USA untuk meratifikasi KP, negara industri tidak bersedia mengalami pengurangan kenyamanan, negara berkembang tidak cukup resources; diluar proses negosiasi : ‘brokerage ‘ dalam ‘voluntary market’.) Technical/methodological/scientific (banyaknya perangkat yang harus disiapkan untuk memenuhi persyaratan : long-term benefits, measurable, reportable, verifiable) Equity (Annex 1 vs non-Annex 1, antar Annex 1, antar non-Annex 1) NASIONAL Survival (kerentanan biofisik, ekonomi, sosial) Sosial (livelihood) ????? memastikan kepentingan masyarakat lokal terjaga ?
NASIONAL yang menjadi ISU INTERNASIONAL Sosial (livelihood, hak adat, social equity) Governance Kondisi hutan (case : Indonesia, e.g. deforestasi, kebakaran, illegal logging)
1
10/25/2009
REDD : perkembangan terkini Umum Aspek teknis/metodologis dan policy masih dalam negosiasi di SBSTA/COP UNFCCC, Perkembangan yang terjadi bisa semakin jauh dari spirit munculnya konsep REDD bila negara berkembang tidak ‘firm’ Di Indonesia : mis-persepsi tentang demonstration activities, banyak yang melihat REDD lebih dari sisi perdagangan carbon. euphoria “voluntary carbon trading’ pemahaman yang sangat beragam tentang perlakuan ‘VCT’ , broker langsung ke daerah (Gubernur/Bupati), sedikit keterlibatan instansi kehutanan.
Should REDD be a national or project approach or a combination of both ? Effectiveness of REDD depends on the effectiveness in addressing drivers of DD, which in most cases require efforts across regions within the country/at the national level (e.g. illegal logging, forest conversion for other uses) or even at regional/international level (e.g. import of timber from illegally logged, international market demand for certain products)
2
10/25/2009
(continued) REDD approach (esp. when relates to estimating and monitoring
carbon stocks and flows) is methodological/technical matter, but with policy implications (relates to national policy and national circumstances). REDD should be ‘National approach’ with flexible implementation according to national circumstances (e.g. country position : Indonesia/national approach with sub-national implementation, Brazil : national approach, EU : national approach, Columbia and some Latin American Countries : sub-national/project approach), To support this approach, Indonesia is in the process of developing National Forest Resource Information System where part of the system overlaps with National Carbon Accounting System. For REDD purpose, the national forest carbon accounting will comprise sub-national (provincial/district/project) carbon accounting (tested in demonstration activities).
U1
Infrastruktur yang diperlukan dalam REDD National approach, Sub-national implementation Historical emissios /future scenario
Perubahan tutupan hutan dan stok carbon Daya saing ?
$
CO2 1 Reference Emission Level
3
2 Strategi
Tanggung jawab dan manfaat ?
4
Monitoring
5 Pasar/ dana
Distribusi
Rekomendasi IFCA 2007 : Strategi REDD di 5 tipe landscapes : Hutan Produksi, Hutan Konservasi, HTI, Peat land, Pengembangn kelapa sawit (terkait perubahan penggunaan lahan) Dikembangkan dari IFCA (2007)
6
3
Slide 6 U1
User2, 12/5/2007
10/25/2009
Scheme pendanaan kehutanan dalam konteks perubahan iklim A/R CDM (Kyoto Protocol) Catatan : negosiasi KP untuk perbaikan terus berjalan
Gap : SFM, Konservasi, Peningkatan stok carbon (Bali Action Plan) FIP (Forest Investment Programe /WB?)
A/R non-CDM ???
REDD (UNFCCC/? KP? /Protokol lain?) masih dalam negosiasi (component : demonstration activities, capacity building & technology transfer, full implementation) Sumber dana mis : bilateral, FCPF, UNREDD
REDDI : the progress Sebelum COP-13 Membangun REDDI architecture (analisis aspek2 terkait : metodologi, potensi pasar, mekanisme insentif dan distribusinya, strategi REDDI) Membentuk dan memanfaatkan Indonesia Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA) sebagai wadah komunikasi multi-stakeholders dan proses lain terkait secara internasional fungsi IFCA telah dikenal/diakui.
4
10/25/2009
REDDI : progres sampai saat ini (lanjutan) Setelah COP-13 Menindak lanjuti kegiatan tahun 2007 (lanjutan penyiapan perangkat metodologi : (framework : FRIS dan NCAS; fasilitasi ‘stakeholders communication, awareness raising, capacity building di daerah) Demonstration activities (RI-Australia, RI-Jerman) tahap awal implementasi. Penyiapan Readiness Plan untuk WB/FCPF IAFCP (RI- Australia ) penyiapan DA di lokasi baru UN-REDD penyiapan
Forest Resource Information System (FRIS) and National Carbon Accounting System (NCAS) (Source : MoF, 2008)
Redrawn from MOF Planning Agency, 2008
5
10/25/2009
FCPF PROGRAMME PHASES I. II. III.
IV. V.
R-PIN (outcome : R-PIN review and selection by FCPF Participants Committee) R-Plan (outcome : country prepares and presents R-Planto FCPF) Conduct Readiness Plan Studies and Activities (outcome : Readiness package outlined in the approved R-Plan represent the final product of readiness process, describes : (a) REDD strategy and implementation, (b) adopted and published reference scenario, (c ) designed monitoring system reviewed and assessed by FCPF FMT and Participant Committee) Investment and Implementation domestic, bilateral or private sources, FIP (?) any countries Payments for emissions reductions FCPF (5 countries with approved Readiness package)
Note : IV & V not necessarily to be in that sequence
REDD framework : R-PLAN FCPF 8 components
Land use, forest policy and governance quick assessment, Management of readiness (Convene National REDD working Group, Prepare a REDD consultation and Outreach Plan), 3. Design the REDD strategy 4. REDD implementation framework 5. Assess the social and environmental impacts of candidate REDD strategy activities 6. Assess investment and capacity building requirements 7. Develop reference scenario of deforestation and degradation, 8. Design and implement a monitoring, reporting and verification system for REDD 9. Design a system of management, implementation, and evaluation of readiness preparation activities . Note : banyak (tawaran) bantuan dengan scope/fokus/prioritas yang sama prioritas kita? 1. 2.
6
10/25/2009
Deep cut : Forth Assessment Report _IPCC (WG III, p 39 and 90 Chapter 13, page 776) Untuk tingkat stabilisasi GHGs di atmosfir antara 450550 ppm CO2-eq , pengurangan emisi yang diperlukan : Negara maju
10 – 40 % dibawah tingkat emisi tahun 1990 pada tahun 2020 dan 40-95 % di bawah tingkat emisi tahun 1990 pada tahun 2050 (footnote ‘Bali Action Plan’) Negara berkembang : tingkat emisi negara berkembang perlu diupayakan lebih rendah dari proyeksi baseline emisinya pada beberapa dekade mendatang.
Kenapa kita harus peduli? Kontribusi LULUCF (Indonesia) terhadap emisi global record yang dipakai dunia (Indonesia emitter ke-3 (?) bila LULUCF masuk, urutan 22 tanpa LULUCF) sampai saat ini Indonesia belum mampu meng-counter angka tsb dengan data yang akurat, National Communication laporan nasional ke UNFCCC (SNC, data kehutanan sangat penting) ??? Kita mampu memperbaiki data kita di FNC), National Action – TL Bali Action Plan ??? emisi < baseline bbrp dekade mendatang.
7
10/25/2009
Kebijakan/regulasi REDD Permenhut 68, Tahun 2008 : REDD Demonstration Activities Permenhut 30, Tahun 2009 : REDD Guideliness Permenhut 36, Tahun 2009 : Tata cara perijinan Pengurangan Emisi di Hutan Produksi dan Hutan Lindung Draft Permenhut, REL
8
