Keberlanjutan Kualitas Lingkungan 1: Risiko Lingkungan & Kesehatan Manusia
10
BI2001 Pengetahuan Lingkungan
Risiko lingkungan Risiko biologis, ekotoksikologi: penyakit Risiko kimiawi Atmosfer & pencemaran udara Sumber utama pencemaran udara Perubahan iklim dan penipisan lapisan ozon Solusi berkelanjutan Contoh-contoh kasus di Indonesia Pustaka Utama : Miller & Spoolman (2012); Botkin & Keller (2011); Status Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2012
2
Menjelaskan resiko lingkungan, resiko biologis, ekotoksikologi: penyakit, dan resiko kimiawi Menjelaskan pemahaman mengenai atmosfer & pencemaran udara, dan sumber utama pencemaran udara Menjelaskan perubahan iklim dan penipisan lapisan ozon menjelaskan alternatif solusi yang berkelanjutan
What Major Health Hazards Do We Face? Concept 1:We face health hazards from : • Biological hazards : bacteria, viruses, etc • Chemical hazards : Harmful chemical in air, water, & soil • Natural hazards : floods, earthquakes, volcanoic eruptions • Cultural hazards : unsafe working conditions, criminal assault, poverty. • Lifestyle hazards : smoking, drinking alcohol, etc.
Pathway of infectious disease 4
Concept 2A: Infectious disease are still major health threats
Reduce the Incidence of Infectious Disease 5
Pathway of Toxic Materials 6
Concept 2B: There is growing concern about chemicals in the enviroment that can cause cancers and birth defect, and disupt the human immune, nervous, and endocrine system
7
8
9
Concept 3: We can reduce the major risks we face by becoming informed, thinking critically about risks, and making careful choices. 10
Air pollution 11
Concept 4A: The Nature of Atmosphere: the two innermost layers of the atmosphere are (1) the troposhere which supports life, and (2) the stratosphere, which contain the portective ozone layer.
The major outdoor air pollution problems 12
Concept 4B: Pollutants mix in the air to form industrial smog, primarily as a result of burning coal, and photochemical smog, caused by emissions from motor vehicle, industrial facilities, and power plant.
Climate disruption 13
Concept 5A: Considerable scientific evidence indicates that the earth’s atmosphere is warming, because of combination of natural effect and human activites, and that this warming is likely to lead to significant climate disruption
14
15
Some Possible Effects of a Warmer Atmosphere 16
Concept 5B: The projected rapid change in the atmosphere’s temperature could have severe and longlasting consequence, including increased drought and flooding, rising sea levels, and shifts in the locations of croplands and wildlife habitat.
What can we do to slow projected climate disruption? 17
Ozone depletion 18
Concept 6A: Our widespread use of certain chemicals has reduced ozone levels on the stratosphere, which has allowed harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth’s surfaces.
19
20
Concept 6B: To reverse ozone depletion, we must stop producing ozone-depleting chemicals and adhere to the international treaties that ban such chemicals.
21
22
23
Montreal protocol 24
In 1987, representatives of 36 nations met and developed the Montreal Protocol. This treaty’s goal was to cut emissions of CFCs by about 35% between 1989-2000.
Later, in 1989 after hearing more bad news about seasonal ozone thinning above Antarctica, 93 countries representatives met and adopted Copenhagen Protocol, an amendment that accelerated the phase-out key ozone depleting chemicals. 25
Contoh Kasus Di Indonesia 26
Polusi debu akibat aktivitas pabrik semen. Debu hasil dari produksi semen dapat masuk melalui proses inhalasi yang dapat masuk ke paru-paru jika tidak tersaring sebelumnya di hidung. Debu hasil aktivitas produksi semen mengandung Oksida Silika (SiO2), Oksida Alumina (Al2O3), Magnesium Oksida (MgO), dan Trikalsium Silikat (3CaOSiO2). Yang bisa menyebabkan iritasi kulit dan gangguan fungsi paru-paru, serta gangguan pada organ lain.
27
28
Cita Citarum 29
•
Infographic video about Cita Citarum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=neTc7sZRSd8
Daftar Pustaka 30
Botkin, Daniel B. 2011.Environmental science : earth as a living planet. Chapter 10, 21, & 22. Miller, G Taylor. Spoolman. 2012. Living in the environment. Chapter 17, 18, &19.
