KARYA TULIS AKHIR
HUBUNGAN ANTARA POSTUR KERJA DENGAN NYERI MUSCULUS LEVATOR SCAPULAE PADA PEKERJA DI PABRIK BORDIR BANGIL
Oleh: I WAYAN MAHARDIKA AGASTYA ADITYAWARMAN 201110330311123
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN 2016
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN
Telah disetujui sebagai hasil penelitian untuk memenuhi persyaratan Pendidikan Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang 1 Agustus 2016
Pembimbing I
dr. Mochamad Bahrudin, Sp.S
Pembimbing II
dr. Bambang Widiwanto, Sp.OT
Mengetahui, Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaykum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuhu Alhamdulillah, segala puji hanya untuk Allah ‘Azza Wa Jalla, yang karena Nikmat dan Rahmat-Nya Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir yang berjudul “Hubungan Antara Postur Kerja Dengan Nyeri Tekan M. Levator Scapulae Pada Pekerja di Pabrik Bordir Bangil” Penulisan penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Kedokteran Jurusan Pendidikan Dokter pada Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan tugas akhir ini jauh dari sempurna, walaupun demikian penulis telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin serta mendapatkan bantuan dan bimbingan dari dosen pembimbing dalam rangka penyusunan. Tanpa bantuan dari Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala kemudian bantuan dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak, sangatlah tidak mudah menjalani masa perkuliahan hingga pada penyusunan tugas akhir ini.
Akhir kata penulis berharap adanya saran dan kritik yang membangun dan semoga penelitian ini dapat menambah wawasan serta bermanfaat bagi semua pihak. Malang, 1 Agustus 2016
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
Daftar Isi
Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN........................................................................... ii LEMBAR ORISINALITAS........................................................................ .. iii LEMBAR PENGUJIAN............................................................................. ... iv KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................... v UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH.......................................................................... vi ABSTRAK.................................................................................................... . viii ABSTRACT..................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................. x DAFTAR TABEL.......................................................................................... xii DAFTAR GAMBAR..................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR SINGKATAN............................................................................... xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................. xv BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN............................................................................ 1 1.1 Latar Belakang................................................................................. 2 ` 1.2 Rumusan Masalah............................................................................ 3 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................. 3 1.3.1 Tujuan Umum.......................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Tujuan Khusus......................................................................... 3 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian........................................................................... 3 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA................................................................... 5 2.1 Postur Kerja..................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Definisi Postur Kerja................................................................ 5 2.1.2 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Postur Kerja................................ 6 2.1.3 Jenis Postur Kerja..................................................................... 8 2.2 Rapid Upper Limb Assesment (RULA)............................................ 11 2.2.1 Prosedur Penggunaan Metode RULA....................................... 12 2.3 Anatomi M. Levator Scapulae.......................................................... 19 2.3.1 Letak M. Levator Scapulae....................................................... 19 2.3.2 Fungsi M. Levator Scapulae..................................................... 20 2.4 Nyeri Leher dan Bahu....................................................................... 21 2.4.1 Definisi Nyeri Leher dan Bahu................................................. 21 2.4.2 Faktor Risiko Nyeri Leher dan Bahu........................................ 22 2.5 Nyeri................................................................................................. 24 2.5.1 Definisi Nyeri........................................................................... 24 2.5.2 Mekanisme Nyeri..................................................................... 24 2.5.3 Nyeri Otot................................................................................. 27 2.6 Pekerja Industri Pakaian Jadi............................................................ 28 2.7 Hubungan Postur Kerja dengan Nyeri M. Levator Scapulae.......... 30 BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN.. 33 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian...................................................... 33
3.2 Hipotesis........................................................................................... 35 BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN.................................................................. 36 4.1 Jenis Penelitian................................................................................. 36 4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian............................................................ 36 4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian....................................................... 36 4.4 Teknik Sampling dan Besar Sampel................................................ 36 4.5 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian....................................................... 37 4.5.1 Kriteria Inklusi......................................................................... 37 4.5.2 Kriteria Eksklusi...................................................................... 37 4.6 Variabel Penelitian........................................................................... 37 4.7 Definisi Operasional......................................................................... 38 4.8 Instrumen Penelitian......................................................................... 38 4.9 Prosedur Penelitian........................................................................... 40 4.10 Alur Penelitian................................................................................ 41 4.11 Teknik Pengumpulan Data............................................................. 41 4.12 Analisis Data................................................................................... 41 BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA.............................. 42 5.1 Deskripsi Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian....................................... 42 5.2 Deskripsi Variabel Penelitian........................................................... 43 5.3 Analisa Data..................................................................................... 46 BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN............................................................................... 49 BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN......................................................... 52 7.1 Kesimpulan....................................................................................... 52 7.2 Saran................................................................................................. 52 DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................................... 54 LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................. 60
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran Halaman 1. Lembar Persetujuan Ikut Dalam Penelitian ........................................... 61 2. Identitas Perorangan .............................................................................. 62 3. (VAS) Visual Analog Scale ................................................................... 63 4. Formulir Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) ................................ 64 5. Data Observasi ...................................................................................... 65 6. Uji Statistik............................................................................................ 70 7. Dokumentasi Penelitian......................................................................... 75 8. Surat Izin Penelitian .............................................................................. 77 9. Kartu Konsultasi Tugas Akhir.............................................................. 78 10. Surat Laik Etik. ................................................................................... 79
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