Indonesia National Energy Policy

Indonesia National Energy Policy Presented By : DR Tumiran Member of

The National Energy Council Republic of Indonesia. Dean Of Engineering Faculty, Gadjah Mada University.

INDONESIA GEOGRAPHIC SPREAD •

•

INDONESIA IS TE WORLD’S FOURTH MOST POPULOUS NATION WITH 240 MILLION PEOPLE IT IS SPREAD OVER A LARGE ARCHIPELAGO TROPICAL REGIONS OF MORE THAN 6000 INHABITED ISLANDS, BUT 80% POPULATION LIVE IN JAVA-MADURA-BALI

SEKRETARIAT JENDERAL DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL

I. ENERGY INRODUCTION


BACKGROUND NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL DUTY ACCORDING TO UU RI NOMOR 30 TAHUN 2007 ( PASAL 12 AYAT 2 )

INDONESIA N ENERGY CONDITION 1. INDONESIA HAS AN ABUNDANT ENERGY RESOURCES. 2. OIL FUEL CONSUMPTION IS STILL DOMINANT, CONSISTING 47% OF TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 3. LARGE QUANTITIES OF ENERGY are Exported. DATA: CRUDE OIL EXPORTted IN 2008: 399 THOUSAND BARRELS A DAY, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION : 248,19 THOUSAND BARRELS A DAY AND CRUDE OIL IMPORTS IN 2008: 254THOUSAND BARRELS A DAY EXPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IN 2008: 4.114,3 MMSCFD PER DAY, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION: 3.769,2 MMSCFD PER DAY EXPORTS OF COAL: 211 MILLION TONS PER YEAR, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION: 75,43 MILLION TONS PER YEAR 4. FOR GAS AND COAL, EXPORT MARKET PRICE ARE HIGHER THAN DOMESTIC MARKET 5. DOMESTIC LOW PURCHASING POWER ON COAL AND GAS, AND NO FISCAL OR NONFISCAL ECONOMIC INCENTIVE TO ENCOURAGE THE USE OF FOSSIL ENERGY

National Energy Security and Sustainability

1

TO DESIGN AND FORMULATE THE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY To be Adopted by Government with Approval of the House of People’s Representatives,

2

TO DETERMINE NATIONAL ENERGY Planning PROPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT

3

To Determine the Crisis and Emergency of National Energy Condition and Taken a necessary action.

4

TO MONITOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSS-SECTORAL ENERGY POLICY

SEKRETARIAT ENERGI NASIONAL DEWANJENDERAL ENERGIDEWAN NASIONAL

BACKGROUND OF LAW’S NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL (DEN)

UUD 1945 UU NO. 30/2007 ABOUT ENERGY

PERPRES NO. 26/2008 about regulation National Energy council policy establisment MEI 7, 2008

KEPPRES NO. 17/P/ 2009 Appointment of National Energy council Members MARCH 18, 2009

KEPPRES NO. 11 / 2009 About ORGANITATION STRUCTURE DAN WORKING PROCEDURES OF GENERAL SECRETARY OF NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCil APRIL 22, 2009

PERMEN ESDM NO. 14 TAHUN 2009 ABOUT MAIN TASK OF NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL JULY 31, 2009

1


NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL ORGANIZATION CHAIRMAN VISE CHAIR DAILY CHAIR

: PRESIDENT : VICE PRESIDENT : MINISTER OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

MEMBERS

7 MINISTER

INDEPENDENT MEMBERS

1. FINANCE MINISTER

1. IR. AGUSMAN EFFENDI (CONSUMERS);

2. NATIONAL PLANNING AGENCY (BAPPENAS)

2. PROF. DR. HERMAN AGUSTIAWAN (CONSUMERS);

3. MINISTER OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

4. MINISTER OF TRANSPORTATION 5. MINISTER OF INDUSTRY 6. MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE 7. MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT

3. DR. IR. TUMIRAN, M.ENG (AKADEMIC); 4. PROF. IR. RINALDI DALIMI, M.SC, PH. D (AKADEMIC); 5. IR. EDDIE WIDIONO S, M.SC (INDUSTRIAL); 6. DR. IR. HERMAN DARNEL IBRAHIM, M.SC (INDUSTRIAL) 7. PROF. WIDJAJONO PARTOWIDAGDO, PH.D (TECHNOLOGY); 8. DR. IR. MUKHTASOR, M. ENG. PH.D (ENVIRONMENT); 2


NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY (Law Number 30 of 2007 on Energy )

SUPPLY SIDE POLICY

SECURITY OF SUPPLY

SHIFTING PARADIGM

ENERGY PRICE

ENERGY SECURITY Sustainability

EXPLORATIONPRODUCTION CONSERVATION (PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION)

DIRECT SUBSIDY

DIVERSIFICATION DEMAND SIDE POLICY

COMMUNITY AWARENESS

CONSERVATION (EFFICIENCY)

7


DOMESTIC ENERGY DEMAND 2007 – 2010 HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2007

HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2010

Transportation sector 2007

Transportation sector 2010


INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 2007

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 2010

GENERATION FOR ELECTRICITY 2007

GENERATION FOR ELECTRICITY 2010


INDONESIA ENERGY RESERVE


NATURAL ENERGY PRODUCTION AND RESERVE (2007) Fossil Energy

Potential Resources

Reserves

Production

Res./Prod. (years)

Oil

56,5 billion barrel

8,4 billion barrel*)

348 million barrel

24

334,5 TSCF

165 TSCF

2,79 TSCF

59

Coal

90,5 billion ton

18,7 billion ton

201 million ton

93

Coal Bed Methane (CBM)

453 TSCF

-

-

-

Natural Gas

*) Including Cepu




ENERGY RESOURCES


CASES: 1.ELECTRICITY SECTOR 2.RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR

15


1. THE ELECTRICAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PROSPECTIVE IN INDONESIA

SISTEM KETENAGALISTRIKAN SEKRETARIAT JENDERAL DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL

INDUSTRI

Pasar Energi Primer

Sistem Besar terintegrasi vertikal

BISNIS

PLTA

RUMAH

PLTD PLTP PLTG

TRAFO STEP DOWN

PLTU

SOSIAL/ PUBLIK

PLTGU

GARDU STEP DOWN

GARDU STEP-UP

SISTEM PEMBANGKIT

SISTEM DISTRIBUSI

SISTEM TRANSMISI

KONSUMEN PILIHAN QUALITY & RELIABILITY

MW

MW

Daya Mampu Pembangkit

Total termasuk Rumah Tangga Rp/kWh

Hydro (7%) HSD (17%)

5-18

MFO (7%)

1650-2475

COAL (42%)

Total tanpa Rumah Tangga

115-161

Industry Rumah Tangga

00

06

12

18

22 WBP

POLA PRODUKSI

GAS (19%)

150-300

GEO (5%) ROR (2%)

400-450 5-18

24

Bisnis Social + Public 0

2

4

6

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Waktu

WBP

POLA KONSUMSI

24

Waktu

ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES


•

FULFILLMENT OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND − EXPAND SUPPLY CAPABILITIES; − ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRICITY ACCESS, ELECTRIFICATION RATIO  93% IN 2025.

•

CREATION OF EFFICIENT ELECTRICITY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT − ELECTRIC POWER UTILITIES CARRY OUT THEIR BUSINESSES IN

EFFICIENT, EFFECTIVE, TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE MANNER (GOOD UTILITY PRACTICE). •

DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURES − TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM; − SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURES (OIL PIPELINES, GAS PIPELINES, LNG TERMINALS, COAL TRANSPORT FACILITIES).


National Electrification Ratio 2009 : 65 % Kategori:

NAD 74,91%

> 60 % Sumut 69,32% Kalteng 44,33%

Riau + Kepri 54,66%

Kaltim 68,37%

41 - 60 % 20 - 40 %

Gorontalo 48,70%

Sulut 66,62%

Kalbar 45,65%

Malut 47,81%

Sumsel 49,80%

Sumbar 68.72%

Sulsel 54,90%

Babel 72,45%

Jambi 48.85%

Jakarta 100%

Bengkulu 50.08%

Kalsel 71,39%

Lampung 47,66% Banten 72,11%

Jabar 64,95%

Sumber: ESDM, per propinsi

Jateng 70,60%

Jatim 71,08%

Jogya 79,64%

Bali 74,42%

NTB 31.99%

Sulteng 47,64%

Sultra 38,21%

NTT 24.24%

Maluku 55,36%

Papua + Irjabar 32,05%


Electrification Ratio to The GDP per Capita 100

Eropa

Thailand

China

Jepang

Malaysia

Amerika Serikat

Rasio Elektrifikasi [ % ]

Brasil

Philipina Rusia

80

World

Asia Bolivia 60

INDONESIA

Afrika Selatan India

Ghana Nigeria 40 100

1,000

10,000

GDP per Kapita [ US$ ]

100,000

Sumber Data : IEA, World Energy Outlook 2006


Existing Installed Capacity Compared To the Poppulation 10,000

Amerika Serikat

Kapasitas Terpasang [GW]

1,000

China Jepang Rusia 100

Korsel Argentina Malaysia 10

Perancis Inggris Thailand

India Brasil INDONESIA Pakistan

Philipine Vietnam Nigeria

Kenya Myanmar 1 10

100

1,000 Penduduk [Juta]

10,000 Sumber Data : IAEA, US DOE

GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND PROJECTION IN YEAR 2009 & 2010


(based on RUKN 2008 – 2027) SUMATERA Demand (GWh) Peak Load (MW) Additional (MW)

2009 : 17,071 : 3,564 : 404

2010 18,371 3,832 431

SULAWESI Demand (GWh) Peak Load (MW) Additional (MW)

KALIMANTAN Demand (GWh) Peak Load (MW) Additional (MW)

: : :

2009 5,047 1,084 134

2009 : 4,351 : 1,039 : 104

2010 4,643 1,108 112

MALUKU Demand (GWh) Peak Load (MW) Additional (MW)

: : :

2009 455 100 11

2010 489 108 12

2010 5,456 1,171 137

PAPUA Demand (GWh) Peak Load (MW) Additional (MW)

JAMALI Demand (GWh) Peak Load (MW) Additional(MW)

2009 : 122,483 : 21,141 : 2,678

2009 : 672 : 151 : 22

2010 735 165 21

NUSA TENGGARA 2010 133,856 23,084 2,848

Demand (GWh) Peak Load (MW) Additional (MW)

2009 : 958 : 237 : 26

2010 1.029 254 28

Map Location of Power Plant Crash Program Phase 2


(based on RUKN 2008 – 2027) SUMATERA Core Project •HEPP : •GeoP : •SCPP : •CCPP :

SULAWESI

174 MW 1.590 MW 1.114 MW 120 MW

Core Project • Geopp : • SCPP :

MALUKU Core Project • Geopp : • SCPP :

145 MW 418 MW

KALIMANTAN Core Project •SCPP : 840 MW •CCPP : 120 MW

PAPUA Core Project • SCPP : 114 MW

NTT Core Project • Geopp : • SCPP :

JAMALI Core Project •HEPP : 1.485 MW •GeoP : 2.000 MW •SCPP : 1.200 MW •CCPP : 1.000 MW

40 MW 40 MW

NTT 30 MW 70 MW

Core Project • Geopp : • SCPP :

46 MW 30 MW

Total Core Project •HEPP : 1.174MW •GeoP : 3.336 MW •SCPP : 4.630 MW •CCPP : 1.440 MW • Total : 10.580 MW


Production Cost and Revenue (Conceptual Approach) Profit Revenue (R)

Z

Subsidi (S)

Y

Biaya (BPP = P)

X

Profit Biaya (BPP = P)

Revenue (R) Subsidi (S)

IDEAL Profit + Z + Y > X Revenue total > X

GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND PROJECTION


(based on RUKN 2008 – 2027)

1.000 TWh

800 600 400 200 0 Year Jam a l i Outside Jamali Indonesia

2008

2012

2017

2022

2027

112

160

256

415

684

28

38

56

84

129

140

198

312

499

813

ASSUMPTIONS: • NATIONAL GDP GROWTH: 6.1% • NATIONAL POPULATION GROWTH : 1.3% • NATIONAL ELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH : 9.2% P.A. • ELASTICITY : 1.5


Development of Electricity Infrastructure

GENERATOR Power PLANT INFRASTRUCTURE

Technology

TRANSMITION Infrastructure

SUPPORTED BY COMPONENT INDUSTRI INFRASTRUCTURE

DISTRIBUTION Infrastructure

HUMAN RESOURCE


RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL


NATIONAL NON-FOSIL ENERGY POTENTIAL

NON-FOSSIL ENERGY

RESOURCES

EXISTING CAPACITY

HYDRO

75.670,0 MWe

4.200,0 MW

GEOTHERMAL

28.170,0 MWe

1.189,0 MW

500,0 MWe

86,1 MW

49.810,0 MWe

445,0 MW

4,8 kWh/m2/hari

12,1 MW

WIND

9.290,0 MWe

1,1 MW

URANIUM*)

34.112,0 ton

-

THORIUM*)

1.500,0 ton

-

MINY/MICRO HYDRO BIOMASS SOLAR

MWe=Mega Watt equivalent


A Geothermal Power Plant



NATIONAL ENERGY MIX 2025 (PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO. 5 YEAR 2006) Target in 2025 1. Less than 1 for energy elasticity 2. Optimized primary energy mix

National (Primary) Energy Mix 2006 Hydro Power, 3.11% Geothermal, 1.32%

Natural Gas, 28.57%

Oil 51.66% Coal, 15.34%

National (Primary) Energy Mix of 2025 (BaU Scenario)

National Energy Mix 2025 (Presidential Decree No. 5/2006)

Power Plant, 1.9% Mini/micro Hydro Power Plant, 0.1% Geothermal, 1.1%

Oil, 20% Gas, 20.6%

Gas, 30%

BIOFUELS, 5% New & RE,17%

OPTIMIZING ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Oil, 41.7%

Coal 34.6%

Coal , 33%

Geothermal, 5% Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro Solar Energy, Wind Power, 5% Coal Liquefaction 2%



NATIONAL GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL BY AREAS POTENTIAL TOTAL 28.170 MW; UTILIZATION TOTAL 1.189 MW. POTENTIAL AREA

RESERVE

EXISTING

Speculatif

Hipotetis

Indicative

Probable

Proven

CAPACITY

(MWe)

(MWe)

(MWe)

(MWe)

(MWe)

(MWe)

Sumatra

4.975

2.121

5.845

15

380

12

Java

1.960

1.771

3.265

885

1.815

1.117

70

0

226

0

0

0

340

359

747

0

15

0

45

0

0

0

0

0

1.000

92

982

150

78

60

Maluku

595

37

327

0

0

0

Papua

75

0

0

0

0

11.392

1.050

2.288

Bali Nusa Tenggara

Kalimantan Sulawesi

Total 265 Locationi Resources

9.060

4.380

13.440

14.730 28.170

1.189

NATIONAL NATIONAL ENERGY ENERGY COUNCIL COUNCIL


DISTRIBUTION MAP OF INDONESIA GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL

Maluku

Sulawesi Kalimantan Irian Jaya

Jawa

Bali

Alor Flores

Quantity of geothermal distribution area in Indonesia: 265 areas Total Potential : 28,17 GWe

80 % associated with volcano environment 20% non – volcano environment




GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT ROAD MAP (2008 – 2025)

958 MW

1442 MW

1158 MW

1400 MW

3500 MW

EXISTING MINING WORK AREA

EXISTING MINING WORK AREA

EXISTING MINING WORK AREA + NEW

NEW MINING WORK AREA

NEW MINING WORK AREA



GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT ON 10.000 MW FAST TRACK PHASE II (2014) (MINISTERY REGULATION NO. 02 / 2010: ACCELARATION PROJECT TO DEVELOP POWER PLANT USING RENEWABLE ENERGY, COAL, AND GAS)

AREA

CAPACITY (MW)

WEST JAVA & BANTEN CENTRAL JAVA EAST JAVA Sumatera Sulawesi NTB, NTT, & Bali Maluku TOTAL

1195 445 330 1767 155 50 35 3977



POLICIES AND REGULATIONS ON GEOTHERMAL FOR ELECTRICITY  LAW NO. 27/2003 ON GEOTHERMAL

 GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 59/2007  To regulate the management and development of geothermal energy sources for direct and indirect utilization  MINISTERY REGULATION NO. 32 / 2010 : CEILING PURCHASING PRICE OF GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT BY PT. PLN (Persero)  Ceiling purchasing price of electricity of geothermal power plant by PT. PLN is USD 9,7 sen/kwh  MINISTERY REGULATION NO. 02 / 2010: LIST OF POWER PLANT PROJECT BASED RENEWABLE ENERGY, COAL, AND GAS  Around Of 3977 MW Geothermal Power Plant


The Main Point of National Energy Policy (under Discussion) •

• • • • • • • •

Sifting paradigm of viewing energy resource from as a commodity to be the development resources. improve fossil fuel proven reserve and reduce fossil fuel share in national energy MIX increase new and renewable energy share on national energy MIX launching efficiency, conservation, environment protection Programs improve independency in Energy management , creating employment , capacity Building and increasing domestic industry and service roles Equality access for all society to the Electricity and Fuel resources either in Rural area or in Urban area To secure the energy supply particularly electricity , fuel for short , middle and long term condition Optimizing energy resources usage , in national economic development ( tax, devisa , and Increase national competitiveness ) Simulation / projection of Energy demand, Energy Reserve and energy consumption, and energy flow as a based in considering national energy policy.



Mitigation Strategies Non-binding emission reduction target of 26% will be equal to 0.767 Gt. Reduce further to 41%, an additional emission reduction of about 0.422 Gt. Key source categories are peat emission, forestry, energy and waste

3.5 2.95

3.0

Emission (Gt CO2e) .

• • •

2.5 1.44 2.0

1.76

1.5

1.35

1.0

0.39 0.16

0.5

0.43

0.0

0.05 0.04

0.28 2000

0.83

0.25 0.13 0.06 0.06

0.17 0.29 0.05 0.05

1.00

0.37 2005

2006 2020

Peat Emission Waste Forestry Agriculture Industry Energy


Prospect Cooperation in Energy Sectors • Generation of Power Plant with new more Efficient Technology, • Nuclear Power Plant, • Renewable Energy: Solar, Mini Hydro, Geothermal, biomass, etc,


NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL SEKRETARIS JENDERAL DEN


THANK YOU

Indonesia National Energy Policy

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