Ocean Energy in Indonesia

Ocean Energy in Indonesia Prof. Mukhtasor, Ph.D. Member of National Energy Council of Indonesia, Chaiman of the Indonesian Ocean Energy Association, Professor in the Department of Ocean Engineering ITS Presented at OCEAN ENERGY WORKSHOP , ASELI, BPPT, JICA, OEAJ and Supported by ESDM and NEDO Jakarta, 22 Nopember 2012

1

DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL

Con tents 1. Introduction

2. Ocean Energy Policies 3. Development Status 4. Strategic Notes

5. Closure 2


Introduction (1) Welcome to the nation of waters!... • Indonesia is a country of “thousands of Islands”

Indonesia is also called as “Nusantara”. “Nusa” means “islands”, “antara” means “in between”  the nation of waters 3


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5


6


7


Islands = 17,480 Ocean = 5.8 million km2 Ocean EEZ = 2.7 million km2 Costline = 95,180 km Population (2010) = 236 million 8


Introduction (2) • Ocean energy is renewable,

it is a new for Indonesia, and also for the world. • National Energy Council is advocating the development of ocean energy in Indonesia through the National Energy Policy  Two reasons on demand and potentials (markets and resources) 9

DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL

NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL • LEADERSHIP a. Chair b. Vice Chair c. Daily Chair •

: the President of the Republic of Indonesia : the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia : the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

MEMBERS GOVERNMENT

1.

Ministry of Finance;

STAKEHOLDERS 1. Mr. Agusman Effendi (Consument);

2. Ministry of Development Planning (BAPPENAS);

2. Dr. Tumiran (University);

3. Ministry of Transportation;

4. Mr. Eddie WidionoS, M.Sc. (Industry);

4. Ministry of Industry;

5. Dr. Herman Darnel Ibrahim, M.Sc. (Industry)

5. Ministry of Agriculture;

6. Prof. Widjajono Partowidagdo, Ph.D. (Technology);

6. Menistry of Research and Technology; 7. Ministry of Environment.

3. Prof. Rinaldy Dalimi, Ph.D. (University);

7. Prof. Mukhtasor, Ph.D. (Environment); 8. Prof. Dr. Herman Agustiawan (Consument). 10


Population

2020

2025

2010

2015

238,4

250,4

261,0

270,1

65,7

68,5

70,1

70,9

0-14 years olds

64,1

63,6

62,1

60,2

Working

160,2

170,8

180,3

187,2

65+

14,1

16,0

18,5

22,7

Population Women (productive)

Source: Adapted from UN World Population Projection, 2002 Revision Sonny Harry B. Harmadi, Jakarta, 24 February 2010 11

DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL

Projected Economics and Population Growth 9.0

Growth (%)

8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0

4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0

GDP TINGGI GDP RENDAH PENDUDUK

2010 5.8 5.8 0.8

2015 8.0 7.0 0.8

2020 8.0 7.0 1.1

2025 8.0 7.0 1.0

2030 7.5 6.5 0.8

2035 7.0 6.5 0.6

2040 7.0 6.0 0.4

2045 6.5 6.0 0.3

2050 6.0 5.5 0.2

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ASUMSI SKENARIO KEBUTUHAN ENERGI URAIAN

SATUAN

TAHUN 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

POPULASI Jumlah Penduduk Pertumbuhan Penduduk Rata-rata

Juta

238

251

262

271

280

299

307

%

1.5

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.3

*

359

527

774

1123

2229

4165

**

1446

2017

2827

3948

7452 13568

6.11

8.00

8.00

8.00

7.50

7.00

PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI GDP (Berdasarkan Harga Konstan Tahun 2000)

Milliar USD

GDP per Kapita (Berdasarkan Harga Konstan Tahun 2000)

USD/kapita

Pertumbuhan GDP Rata-rata Harga Berlaku

%

*) 703 Miliar USD **) 2954 USD/kapita

253 1061

6.00

DATA BPS

• Populasi (data demografi UI) • Ekonomi (masukan dari Bappenas) • Data BPS : GDP tahun 2010 (berdasarkan harga konstan tahun 2000) sebesar 253 Miliar USD dan GDP berdasarkan harga berlaku sebesar 703 Miliar USD , (nilai tukar rata-rata pada tahun 2010: 1$ = Rp. 9.136,-) 13


Projected Energy Demand 2010-2050 (Estimated with help of MARKAL) PROYEKSI

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

1. KONSUMSI ENERGI FINAL

MTOE

97,05 137,35 190,76 260,49 343,90 438,79 555,97 662,42 757,17

2. KONSUMSI ENERGI PRIMER

MTOE

154,90 209,05 292,06 398,12 551,37 721,28 932,21 1137,76 1335,34

3. KONSUMSI LISTRIK

MTOE

13,67

21,04

32,16

GW

36,51

59,35

82,53 114,81 172,75 250,13 349,98 469,26 603,10

4. KAPASITAS PEMBANGKIT

47,45

67,36

93,80 128,49 173,35 222,86

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Proyeksi Kebutuhan Listrik TAHUN PROYEKSI URAIAN

SATUAN 2010

2015

2020

2025 2030 2040

2050

KONSUMSI LISTRIK Skenario Tinggi [BAU]

TWh

148

245

397

628

933

1680

2710

Skenario Rendah [Efisien]

TWh

148

208

341

511

733

1330

2100

Per Kapita Skenario Tinggi [BAU]

kWh

620

980

1521

2316

3332

5619

8827

Per Kapita Skenario Rendah [Efisien]

kWh

620

832

1308

1886

2618

4448

6840

%

7

7.1

10.4

8.4

7.5

6.1

4.7

1.06

0.89

1.30

1.05

1.00

0.9

0.7

Pertumbuhan Rata-rata [Efisien] ELASTISITAS KAPASITAS PEMBANGKIT Skenario Tinggi [BAU]

GW

35

58

92

145

203

340

550


GW

35

49

79

115

159

270

430

Skenario Tinggi [BAU]

Hours

4722

4731

4791

4805

5065

5435

5420


Hours

4722

4754

4834

4977

5157

5468

5470

UTILISASI RATA-RATA TAHUNAN

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Implementasi Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan NO

ENERGI TERBARUKAN

SUMBER DAYA (SD)

KAPASITAS TERPASANG (KT)

RASIO KT/SD (%)

1

2

3

4

5 = 4/3

1

Tenaga Air

75.670 MW

5.711 MW

7,54

2

Panas Bumi

29.038 MW

1.189 MW

4,00

3

Mini/Mikro Hydro

769,69 MW

228,75 MW

28,31

4

Biomass

49.810 MW

1.618,40 MW

3,25

5

Tenaga Surya

4,8 kWh/m2/day

13,5 MW

-

6

Tenaga Angin

3 – 6 m/s

1,87 MW

-

Sedang dibangun: 175 KW (Ristek)

-

7

Energi Laut

Potensi Teoritis = 749.000 MW Potensi Teknis = 49.000 MW Potensi Praktis = 43.000 MW

Perkiraan, didasarkan dari Ditjen Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Konservasi Energi (2011). Potensi energi laut dari hasil ratifikasi Asosiasi Energi Laut Indonesia (2011)

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ENERGY POLICIES (1) • Law No. 30/2007 on Energy • Law No. 17/2007 on Long Term Development Planning • National Energy Policy (President Decree No. 5/2006) and Its Blueprint National Energy Management

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National Energy Policy (President Decree No. 05/2006): Energy Elastisity (<1) and Optimal Energi Mix HYDRO POWER 3,11 %

NATIONAL (PRIMARY) ENERGY MIX

GEOTHERMAL 1,32 % NATURAL GAS 28,57 %

CURRENT ENERGY MIX (1 BILLION BOE) OIL 51,66 %

COAL 15,34 %

NATIONAL (PRIMARY) ENERGY MIX 2025 (BAU SCENARIO) (5 BILLION BOE) MINI/MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT 0,1 % GEOTHERMAL 1,1 %

NATIONAL ENERGY MIX 2025 ( 3 BILLION BOE) (PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5/2006)

POWER PLANT 1,9 %

GAS 20,6 % OIL 41,7 % COAL 34,6 %

OPTIMIZING ENERGY MANAGEMENT

GAS 30 %

OIL 20 % RE 17 % COAL 33 %

BIOFUELS, 5% GEOTHERMAL, 5% BIOMASS, NUCLEAR, HYDRO SOLAR ENERGY, WIND POWER, 5 % COAL LIQEFACTION 2%

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Slide 18


ENERGY POLICIES (2) • The share of renewable energy is growing (old plan): 4.3% (2005)  17% (2025) But this is mainly from geothermal and biofuel; while ocean energy was not considered as potential sources by that time.

• Since 2007, new climate of ocean energy came; bigger supports from various parties, including the Law No. 20 of 2007 on Energy. • The Law also creates a National Energy Council (NEC) with an authority to design and formulate national energy policy on behalf of the GOI; the policy must be endorsed by Parliament. 19


ENERGY POLICIES (3) • Recently, NEC is reviewing the current energy policy and intends to increase the role of ocean enegy in the energy mix of 2010-2050. • Ocean energy systems are targeted to supply electricity in the Indonesian energy system. • The policy for greater use of marine resources is relevant with Indonesia potentials and the Indonesian Law of 17 of 2007 on the Long Term National Development Plan. 20


BASIS KEBIJAKAN ENERGI LAUT  Undang-undang No. 17 Tahun 2007 tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional (RPJPN, Lampiran Bab IV, Subbab IV.1.6, angka 2): Pengelolaan Sumberdaya alam yang tidak terbarukan harus efisien dan menetapkan strategi memperbesar cadangan dan diarahkan untuk mendukung proses produksi di dalam negeri. Hasil atau pendapatan yang diperoleh diarahkan untuk percepatan pertumbuhan ekonomi :  Investasi pada sektor produktif  Upaya reklamasi dan konservasi  Memperkuat pendanaan energi alternatif yang menjadi jembatan dari energi fosil ke energi yang terbarukan (termasuk didalamnya, energi arus laut), 21


 Undang-undang No. 30 Tahun 2007 tentang Energi: Sumber energi terbarukan adalah sumber energi yang dihasilkan dari sumber daya energi yang berkelanjutan jika dikelala dengan baik, antara lain panas bumi, angin, bioenergi, sinar matahari, aiiran dan terjunan air, serta gerakan dan perbedaan suhu lapisar, laut (Pasal 1, angka 6). Penyediaan dan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan wajib ditingkatkan oleh pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah (Pasal 20, angka 4 dan Pasal 21, angka 2). Penyediaan dan pemanfaatan energi dari sumber energi terbarukan dapat memperoleh kemudahan dan/atau insentif dari pemerintah dan/atau pemerintah daerah sesuai kewenangannya untuk jangka waktu tertentu hingga tercapai nilai keekonomiannya (Pasal 20, angka 5; Pasal 21, angka 3). 22


 RPJPN ke - 3 (2010 – 2014): Industri kelautan yang meliputi perhubungan laut, industri maritim, perikanan, wisata bahari, energi dan sumberdaya mineral dikembangkan secara sinergi, optimal dan berkelanjutan.  Perpres No. 5 Tahun 2006 tentang KEN mengatur bahwa Menteri ESDM menetapkan Blue Print Pengelolaan Energi Nasional (PEN) yang memuat diantaranya pengelolaan sumberdaya energi dan pemanfaatannya (Pasal 4, ayat 1 dan ayat 2 huruf c).

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Draft: Energy Mix Scenario (2010 – 2050) Minyak Bumi

2010

Gas Bumi

Gas 20,1 Minyak 49,7

Batubara 24,5

(%)

Batubara

Gas 20

EBT

% 60.0

Minyak 25

2025 Batubara 30

50.0 40

40.0 30.9

EBT 5,7

30.0 20.0

2030

EBT 25

25

15.0

2050

10.0 5.7

Gas 18,8 Batubara Minyak 31 19,4

EBT 30,9

0.0 2010 2020 2025 2030 2050 EBT (energi air, panas bumi, biomasa sampah, bahan bakar nabati, energi surya, energi laut, energi angin, dan batubara tercairkan dan tergaskan, CBM. Dan nuklir pilihan terakhir)

Minyak Gas 15 20

Batubara 25

EBT 40 24


Policies on R and D in Ocean Energy (1) • The GOI supports activities in promotion and development of ocean energy (grant and projects): – The Agency for Technology Assessment and Application (BPPT) under coordination of the Ministry of Research and Technology. – Universities (ITS, ITB, Dharma Persada and others) – Balitbang Kementrian (R and D Within the Ministies – MEMR and MFO) 25


Policies on R and D in Ocean Energy (2) • The research planning for the development of tidal current is: – Phase 1 (RPJM II): Development of tidal current energy plant of 10 - 100 kW – Phase 2 (RPJM III): Development of tidal current energy plant of 3 MW – Marine Current Turbine Farm – Phase 3 (RPJM IV): Development of tidal current energy plant for domestic electicity and for producing biofuel or marine biofuel. 26


Previous Effort on the Implementation of OE No

Type

Marine current (BPPT, 1 Indonesian Hydrodynamics Laboratory) Marine current (KOBOLD, 2 PdA Italy and PT. Walinusa Energy)

OTECS (Cooperation with 3 Netherland)

Location

Capacity

Flores, NTT

2 kW

East Lombok, NTB

175 kW

North Bali, Bali

4 OWC (BPPT, BPDP) Yogyakarta Wave coverter – Pendulum Madura – East 5 type (Indonesian technolog) Java

100 kW

Note It was in operation, and being upscaled to 10 kW Schedulled in 2012 (Ristek)

Cancelled, economc crisis. FS was daone Cancelled, initial contraction was done

3,5 KW to be scalled to 100 KW Field test, 2012 per pontoon, 27


Recent Development (1) • Ocean energy has nowdays been received a greater attention from universities, government agencies, companies and public. • The Indonesian Ocean Energy Association (INOCEAN) has been established to foster research, development, publication and application of ocean energy. • Activities towards ocean energy projects 28


Recent Development (2) • Greater attention on ocean energy in Indonesia: – Greater funding from the National and Provincial Governments – Very active seminars, worshops and public media – Proposal for Sandwich master/doctoral programs – Activities in governement on capacity buildings and research and developments – On development of the national ocean energy roadmap within renewable energy development 29


Recent Development (3) • Indonesian Ocean Energy Association (INOCEAN): – Goal: “Encouraging the widespread utilization of ocean energy in Indonesia” – Objective: “To accommodate stakeholders and to facilitate members for increasing their role in ocean energy utilization” 30


Recent Development (4) • Indonesian Ocean Energy Association (INOCEAN):

– Ratification of the national-wide of ocean energy potential (2011) – Dessimination of international development of OE – Advocation for OE projects and collaborations 31


INOCEAN (2011) has ratified national-wide ocean energy potentials based on previously conducted exploration/surveys

Tidal current Ocean wave

Ocean thermal Total

Theoretical Technical (GW) (GW) 160.0 22.5 510.0 2.0

57.0 727.0

52.0 * 76.5

Practical (GW) 4.8 1.2

43.0 * 49.0

*depending on the technological maturity and market development, including availability of successful project in gird connection. 32


DEPLOYMENT SELAT ALAS (Erwandi 2010) 33


A Comparison: ADCP and Numerical (Erwandi 2010) ADCP vs Numerical

Numerical Measurement

2.5

V (m/s)

2 1.5 1 0.5 0 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Day

34


Tidal Current Energy Reserves (INOCEAN 2011)

35


Wave Energy Reserves (INOCEAN 2011)

36


Ocean Thermal Energy Reserves

37


Recent Development (5) • Towards the OE implementation and projects – Double tracts strategy for the OE implementation To increase the energy access Electricity ratio is currently is about 67% Limited access to electricity is commonly at small islands populations and less developed regions To reduce the oil “addiction” , which takes about 15% of national budget for energy subsidies 38


Implementation Matrix of Ocean Energy (On ASELI advocating)

Capacity (MW)

Micro-OE (< 0.05)

Mini-OE ( 0.05 to 5)

Type Tidal Current

Ocean Wave

EBTKE (2012) KKP-ITB (2012) BPPT (2012)

ITS/GEI (2012) Ristek (2012)

Indonesia -AFD France (2013-2014)

Kepri (2012)

Ocean Thermal

Bontang (2014) Indonesia-Germany SPICE III (2013-2014) PLN (2014) Medium-OE ( 5 to 25)

Kota Baru (2014)

???

Large-OE (> 50) 39

Proposed Implementation targets The act no 17/2007 on the long-term national development plan (RPJPN, appendix, chapter IV, section IV.1.6, number 2) mandates the development of ocean energy within the mid-term plan (2009-2014)

INOCEAN proposed to established pilot project of ocean energy power plant, connected to the grid, starting in 2014, at minimum of: – 1 MW tidal current energy – 1 MW wave energy

The medium and long term run would be OTEC pilot plant.

The most viable potential of 6000 MW ocean energy power plant is proposed to be realized in 2030.


CLOSURE • The resources are great, their development need a greater efforts and supports, nationally and internationally. • As nation of waters, Indonesia is the best location as a window of technological implementation on ocean energy.

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THANK YOU TERIMA KASIH Email: [email protected]

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Ocean Energy in Indonesia

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