Hoe stimuleren we engineers om hun voorstellingsvermogen te gebruiken? Afhankelijkheden worden vaak gemist door gebrek aan voorstelling en inleving. Prof. Gerrit Muller Buskerud University College Kongsberg, Noorwegen
1912 I cannot imagine any condition which would cause a ship to founder. I cannot conceive of any vital disaster happening to this vessel. Modern ship building has gone beyond that.“
Captain Smith
RMS Titanic Photo by F.G.O. Stuart
Commander of Titanic From: Hans Oerlemans Lead Designer Course Embedded Systems Institute
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Waar denkt U aan bij deze termen?
• Deepwater Horizon • Golf van Mexico • Blow Out Preventer • Alarm
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Figure of ContentTM 2
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What does Customer need in Product and Why ? C ustomer
Application
Functional
C onceptual
Realisation
objectives
education system requirements
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
1
design decisions parts connections lines of code and growing every year....
from mono-discipline to customer
Kongsberg
Kongsberg
practice
Evaluation
Afhankelijkheden
5
Story Telling
4 4
Prof Systems Engineering www.gaudisite.nl Buskerud University College (Konsgberg, Noorwegen) Embedded Systems Institute (Eindhoven)
BUC Kongsberg
ESI Eindhoven 5
Naeringspark Kongsberg
Kongsberg
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Kongsberg Industry
• Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace • Kongsberg Maritime • FMC • Kongsberg Automotive • Dresser Rand • Devotek • Volvo Aero
• Missiles, remote weapon stations, satelites,... • Ship positioning, navigation • Sub sea oil&gas • Automotive components • Gas turbines • Design services • Components for air plane engines
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Kongsberg Maritime Offshore applications 1. Oil & Gas Exploration and Field Development • Hydrographic and Seismic Survey • Drilling Ships • Drilling Rigs • Construction Vessels
2. Oil & Gas Production • Fixed Production Units • Floating Production Storage and Offloading Vessel (FPSO) • Sub-sea Production Surveillance and Control • Well Intervention Unit • Offshore Shuttle Tankers
3. • • • •
Offshore Supply & Support Offshore Supply Vessels Anchor Handling Tugs Crew Boats Field Accommodation Units
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Onderwijs versus Praktijk 2
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What does Customer need in Product and Why ? C ustomer
Application
Functional
C onceptual
Realisation
objectives
education system requirements
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
1
design decisions parts connections lines of code and growing every year....
from mono-discipline to customer
Kongsberg
Kongsberg
practice
Evaluation
Afhankelijkheden
5
Story Telling
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Bachelor opleiding Electrical Engineering Soort onderwijs
Eerste jaar
Tweede jaar
Derde jaar
Wiskundevakken
20%
5%
0%
Systeem en elektrotechnische vakken
30%
55%
60%
Computer- en informaticavakken
20%
10%
10%
Projecten
30%
30%
30%
http://stuvo.tue.nl/scholieren/bacheloropleidingen/electrical-engineering/studieopbouw.html
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Bachelor onderwijs: Wij leren studenten: Het juiste antwoord te geven met bewijs of afleiding . Van A naar B in één technische discipline
Een geordende en wel gedefinieerde wereld. Het formalisme regeert. Waar blijft de fantasie?
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Waar ontstaan de problemen? • Menselijke factor; de mens is – Rationeel, emotioneel, impulsief, onderhevig aan buien, – Ieder mens is uniek
• Omgevings factor, zoals: – Het weer, de locatie, het tijdstip – Vergelijk: de Noordzee, Golf van Mexico, de Beringzee, http://www.yourdiscovery.com/nl/video/deadliest-catch-gevaren-van-de-beringzee/
• Verplichte leesstof: http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/risks
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Van Mono-discipline naar Klant 2
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What does Customer need in Product and Why ? C ustomer
Application
Functional
C onceptual
Realisation
objectives
education system requirements
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
1
design decisions parts connections lines of code and growing every year....
from mono-discipline to customer
Kongsberg
Kongsberg
practice
Evaluation
Afhankelijkheden
5
Story Telling
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From mono-discipline to system number of details
100 101 102 103 104
system requirements multi-disciplinary design
105 106 7
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static system definition mono-disciplinary 15
From system to customer drives, justifies, needs enables, supports What does Customer need in Product and Why? Product How Customer What
Customer How
Product What
Customer
Application
Functional
Conceptual
Realization
objectives
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Add Life Cycle
Customer
Application
Functional
Conceptual
operations maintenance upgrades
Life cycle
development manufacturing installation
Realization
objectives
sales, service, logistics, production, R&D
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Many companies suffer from this gap
Customer
Application
Functional
Conceptual
Realisation
gap
objectives
system requirements
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
What does Customer need in Product and Why?
design decisions parts connections lines of code and growing every year....
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The Ideal Architecting What does Customer need in Product and Why?
Customer
Application
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
Functional
Conceptual
Realisation
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
number of details
objectives
system requirements design decisions parts connections lines of code
and growing every year....
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Story telling 2
3
What does Customer need in Product and Why ? C ustomer
Application
Functional
C onceptual
Realisation
objectives
education system requirements
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
1
design decisions parts connections lines of code and growing every year....
from mono-discipline to customer
Kongsberg
Kongsberg
practice
Evaluation
Afhankelijkheden
5
Story Telling
4 20
From Fact to Fantasy What does Customer need in Product and Why? Product How Customer What
Customer How
Product What
Customer
Application
Functional
Conceptual
Realization
objectives
market vision
a priori solution know how story
analyse design
case
analyse design
design
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Story: single page A day in the life of Bob ca. half a page of plain English text
bla blah bla, rabarber music bla bla composer bla bla qwwwety30 zeps. nja nja njet njippie est quo vadis? Pjotr jaleski bla bla bla brree fgfg gsg hgrg mjmm bas engel heeft een interressant excuus, lex stelt voor om vanavond door te werken. In the middle of the night he is awake and decides to change the world forever.
Yes or
draft or sketch of some essential appliance
No that is the question
The next hour the great event takes place:
This brilliant invention will change the world foreverbecause it is so unique and valuable that nobody beliefs the feasibility. It is great and WOW at the same time, highly exciting. Vtables are seen as the soltution for an indirection problem. The invention of Bob will obsolete all of this in one incredibke move, which will make him famous forever. He opens his PDA, logs in and enters his provate secure unqiue non trivial password, followed by a thorough authentication. The PDA asks for the fingerprint of this little left toe and to pronounce the word shit. After passing this test Bob can continue.
Or cartoon like
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Criteria for a good story Customer objectives
• accessible, understandable "Do you see it in front of you?"
Application Customer objectives
• valuable, appealing
Application Conceptual
• critical, challenging
Realization Application
attractive, important "Are the customers queuing for this?" "What is difficult in the realization?" "What do you learn w.r.t. the design?"
• frequent, no exceptional niche "Does it add significant to the bottomline?"
Application
• specific
names, ages, amounts, durations, titles, ...
Functional
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Examples from Bachelor Tree Cutter case Worst case scenario • • • • •
Normal scenario
10 degree hillside Normal forest terrain 40cm diameter tree 100m to nearest road 2m between each tree
• • • • • •
35 degree hillside Rocky area 1m deep snow 1m diameter tree 1 km to nearest road 10m between each tree
2009 team 6: “Birger Johnson’s largest challenges is the terrain conditions and the fact That there is winter. As we all know The Kongsberg forrest is known for the deep hills and the creepy mines (haunted). But mainly the large amount of snow is the harshest challenge for Birger Johnson.” 24
Ervaringen met Story Telling 2
3
What does Customer need in Product and Why ? C ustomer
Application
Functional
C onceptual
Realisation
objectives
education system requirements
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
1
design decisions parts connections lines of code and growing every year....
from mono-discipline to customer
Kongsberg
Kongsberg
practice
Evaluation
Afhankelijkheden
5
Story Telling
4 25
Ervaringen met Story Telling • Studenten worden opgerekt. • Analytisch en formalistisch denken moet worden “unlearned”. • Het inbrengen van de factor mens is eng. • Het inbrengen van emoties is nog moeilijker. • Dit geldt ook voor (heel) ervaren ontwerpers. • Het inzicht wordt aanzienlijk verbreed.
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Ervaringen met Story Telling (2) • Ontwerpers worden vroeg in het ontwerpproces bewust van context. • Stories ≠ werkelijkheid – Testen, meten, analyseren, verifieren, valideren, enz. blijft nodig!
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∆Π Afhankelijkheden 2
3
What does Customer need in Product and Why ? C ustomer
Application
Functional
C onceptual
Realisation
objectives
education system requirements
How can the product be realized What are the critical decisions
1
design decisions parts connections lines of code and growing every year....
from mono-discipline to customer
Kongsberg
Kongsberg
practice
Evaluation
Afhankelijkheden
5
Story Telling
4 28
Golf van Mexico, 2010; Wat ging hier aan vooraf?
Source: http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon 29
