Green Innovation: tantangan dan peluang. Farhan Helmy Mitigation Working Group

Green Innovation: tantangan dan peluang Farhan Helmy Mitigation Working Group [email protected] Kuliah Umum Bandung, 1 Maret 2011

Outline

▪ Stock Taking 2011: tantangan dan visi masa depan? ▪

Profil dan Potensi Pengurangan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK)Indonesia

• Pengembangan Strategi Ekonomi Rendah Karbon (Low Carbon Growth Strategies, LCGS)

• Power by Example o Green ICT

o Urban Resoration o Pemetaan 100 Desa 1

Stock Taking 2011: Where do we stand? Interests : strong state and corporations, weak society? Management of Commons [forestry, environment, knowledge, disaster] potential of governments and market/private failures Community based Social Innovation [open source, digital contents, disaster management, 3R, etc.] independent from government, strong network but limited scale! Micro-trends as a result of Globalization and the advancement of Information and communication technologies

We!!

Society

Visi masa depan? •

•

• • • •

Peter Senge (2010), The Necessary Revolution: (1). There is no viable path forward that does not taking into account the future generations (2). Institutions matters (3). All real change is grounded in new ways of thinking and perceiption Anatole Kaletsky (2010), Capitalism 4.0: “…global capitalism will be replaced by nothing other than global capitalism. The traumatic events of 2007-2009 neither destroy or diminish the fundamental human urges that have always powered the systems – ambition, initiative, individualisms, the competitive spirit. These natural human qualities will be instead be redirected and reenergized to create a new version of capitalism that will ultimately be even more successful and productive than the system it replaced Thomas L. Friedman(2010), Hot, Flat and Crowded Rhenald Kasali (2011), The Cracking Zone Don Tapscot (2010), Macro Wikinomics: Rebooting Bussiness and the World etc.

Sumbangan emisi Indonesia signifikan secara global Emisi 2005 CO2e Indonesia total

Inggris, Perancis, Itali, Jerman (gabungan)

2.71 GtCO2e

2.8 GtCO2e

Working Draft - Last Modified 7/3/2009 8:24:24 PM

= Transportasi Udara dan Laut Global

1.5 GtCO2e

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Gambut Indonesia

1.8 GtCO2e

~ 1 2.7 = 0.6 (UK) + 0.5 (France) + 0.6 (Italy) + 1.0 (Germany) SOURCE: McKinsey & Company Pathways to a Low-Carbon Economy; Team analysis

4

5

Indonesia telah menyusun rencana pertumbuhan hijau yang dapat menjamin pertumbuhan ekonomi berkelanjutan dengan jejak karbon yang lebih rendah

Rencana pertumbuhan hijau CO2 Mitigation

Economic development

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Pada G20 Summit, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono menyampaikan komitmen target penurunan emisi sebesar 26% pada tahun 2020 sehingga Indonesia akan menjadi negara berkembang pertama yang melakukannya


Tiga propinsi telah merespon melalui penyusunan rencana pertumbuhan hijau bersama DNPI

Institutional enablers Adaptation

Skenario Penurunan Emisi GRK 26% BAPPENAS

Emisi Indonesia diperkirakan bertambah dari 1.72 menjadi 2.95 GtCO2e antara tahun 2000 dan 2020

2,95

2

2,12

Limbah

1,72

1.5

Pertanian

1 Industri 0.5 0 2000

2005

2020

Energi dan Transportasi

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Emisi (GtonCO2e)

2.5

Kehutanan dan Lahan Gambut


3


Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim | 7

8

Emisi di Indonesia diperkirakan meningkat dari 2.1 menjadi 3.3 GtCO2e antara tahun 2005 dan 2030 Proyeksi emisi1, Juta ton CO2e

3,260 38 105

75 151

23 23 60

45 143

2,052

103

31

222

Listrik

760

650

590

LULUCF2

850

970

1,050

2005

2020

2030

129

370 110

5.07% 5.1%

4.97% 5.0% 1 Hanya meliputi emisi langsung dari tiap sektor

Share of global emissions

2 Emisi dari LULUCF berdasarkan pendekatan emisi bersih, yaitu termasuk absorpsi SUMBER: Kurva Biaya penurunan GRK Indonesia

Gambut

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

810

96


442

2,534

Bangunan Semen Minyak & Gas Pertanian Transportasi

9

Carbon abatement opportunities have been prioritized

PRELIMINARY

Do it now (potential to be realized by 2015) Start slow, then accelerate (potential to be realized by 2020) Develop now, capture over time (potential to be realized from 2015-2030)

▪ Energy efficiency electronic

▪ ▪

19 120 Mt

▪ Reforestation – mineral soils ▪

▪ ▪ ▪ Fire prevention (397 Mt) ▪ Sustainable Forest Management ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

103 Mt

▪

▪ ▪

Water heating – commercial buildings

21 Mt

▪ REDD – smallholder agriculture

(195 Mt) (220 Mt) ▪ REDD – Estate crops (185 Mt) Peatland rehabilitation (220 Mt) REDD – timber plantation (185 Mt) Large hydro (28 Mt) Geothermal (27 Mt) 390 Mt 1,230 Mt

▪ Dedicated biomass (16 Mt) ▪ On shore wind (1 Mt)

▪ Solar PV (3 Mt) ▪ Water heating – residential (2 Mt) ▪ Livestock – feed supplement (2 Mt)

High (>25 USD/ton) 0 Mt Readily achievable

▪ Recycling new waste (17 Mt) ▪ LED Lighting (3 Mt)

7 Mt

18 Mt Some challenges Feasibility to capture (in near-term)

SOURCE: DNPI Indonesia Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cost Curve; team analysis

Difficult

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Cost Modest today (0 to 25 USD/ton)

(99 Mt) Rice management – nutrient management (4 Mt)

▪

flooding (20 Mt) Energy efficient passenger vehicles (8 Mt) Energy efficient good carrier (6 Mt) Landfill gas electricity generation (6Mt) Retrofit HVAC (2 Mt) Landfill gas direct use (2 Mt) 50 Mt


Negative (<0 USD/ ton)

▪ Rice management – shallow

equipment and appliance in residential and commercial buildings (8 Mt) Small hydro (6 Mt) Cropland nutrient management (3 Mt)

10

Potensi penurunan emisi kita cukup tinggi

Proyeksi potensi pengurangan Juta ton, CO2e 3,260 1,161

609

225

Persentase total potensi pengurangan

Gambut

Listrik

87

61

Pertanian Transpor- Minyak tasi

1

2

3

4

5

6

50

26

10

5

4

3

SUMBER: DNPI Indonesia GHG abatement cost curve

56

Lainya

955

Emisi lainnya

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Total LULUCF pengurangan

106


Indonesia memiliki potensi pengurangan sebesar total 2,305 MtCO2e, sekitar 70% proyeks emisi BAU sebesar 3,260 MtCO2e di tahun 2030

11

Outline

Stock Taking 2011: tantangan dan visi masa depan?

▪


• Pengembangan Strategi Ekonomi Rendah Karbon (Low Carbon • Power by Example o Green ICT o Urban Resoration o Pemetaan 100 Desa

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Growth Strategies, LCGS)


▪

National Commitment to reduce the emission 26 – 41% by 2020 Historical reference (HR) 26%

Emission rate

15%

Future emission scenario (BAU)

Reference Level (RL)

Tradeable NAMAs

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

MITIGATION POTENTIAL  Commercially available technology ;

2005 (Baseyear)

 Environmentally sound policy and regulations


Past trend and current emission status

Time 2020 (Baseline)

Key Elements of Japan’s New Offset Mechanism


•Effective and Speedy Decision through Bilateral Processes •Public‐Private Initiative •Wider range of Technologies •Efficient and Flexible Process •Transparent “Additionality” concept •Building blocks towards global regime Bilateral Arrangement •Project and Accounting management •Distribution of Credits •Dispute Settlement

Government of

JAPAN

GGovernment of

Joint Projects business

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Offset Credit

business

Developing Country

GHG Reduction Clean Technologies

4

F/S for Bilateral Offset Mechanism in FY 2010（First） ◆List of FS Projects on August 10

Project

Total Budget in FY2010: 10 million USD

Indonesia Vietnam

The Institute of Energy Economics, Ja Coal thermal power pan TEPCO /Marubeni Co, Coal thermal power

India

Mizuho RI

Coal thermal power

Vietnam

Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Co.Co Ltd

Electric power grid

Philippines

JFE Steel Co.

Iron and steel

India

Nippon Steel Co.

Iron and steel

Laos/Myanmar

Taiheiyo Engineering Co.

Cement

Indonesia

Mitsubishi Co.

Renewable energy

Philippines

Toshiba Co,

Renewable energy

Thailand

Yazaki Co.

Road transportation

11 Optimum controll off plantl equipment (b(by I Indonesiad T)) 12 Optimum control of plant equipment (by IT) Thailand

Yamatakek Co.

Energy saving at factoryf

Yokogawa Elec Co.

Energy saving at factory

13 Energygy savingg housingg (eco( ‐friendlyy house))

Nomura RI

Product CDM

Highly efficient coal power plant (Ultra super critical) Highly efficient coal power plant 2 (Ultra super critical) Highly efficient coal power plant 3 (Ultra super critical) Reduce power transmission loss by using highl 4 y efficient transformer Introduction of energy efficient technologies a 5 t iron and steel plant Introduction of energy efficient technologies a 6 t iron and steel plant Introduction of energy efficient technologies a 7 t cement plant Geothermal power 8 (new construction/rehabilitation) Geothermal power 9 (rehabilitation) 10 Eco‐friendly driving using digital tachograph 1

China

Covered field

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Main project entities


Host country

5

F/S for Bilateral Offset Mechanism in FY 2010（Second） Total Budget in FY2010: 10 million USD

◆List of FS adopted on October 20, 2010 Project

Host country

Main project entities

Covered field

Vietnam

TEPCO

Nuclear power

2

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

Indonesia

Arabian Oil Co,

CCS

Mexico

JRI (SMBC, Toshiba Co, Panasonic Co,)

Energy saving at house

Vietnam

Mitsubishi Co,

Energy saving at house

Malaysia/Indonesia

Jcam Agri Co,

Chemistry

Thailand

Mizuho Co,

Chemistry

Maldives

Hitachi Plant Technologies,

Water provision

Nittsu Research Institute

Road transportation

Yasukawa Electric Co,


JRI(SMBC, Toshiba Co,)


3 4 5 6 7

Promotion high efficiency light and energy saving of home appliances Promotion of Home appliances (air conditioner, refrigerator, Water heater, TV, lighjt) Reducing N2O emission by using coating fertilizer Introduction of CHP facility and privately‐owned electrical power facility Energy consumption reduction of air conditioners by using deep seawater

Vietnam /Laos/Malaysia/China

8

Introduction of Digital Tachograph

9

Introduction of high efficiency motor system

10

Introduction of air‐conditioning control system Malaysia

11

REDD+

Laos

Oji Paper Group

REDD+

12

REDD+

Brazil

Kanematsu ltd,

REDD+

Sojitz( Tsukishima Kikai Co,)

Coal power

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd,

Cement

Ube Industries,

Cement

China

More efficient utilization of low grade coal in Indonesia the power plant Introduction of energy efficient technologies at Indonesia 14 cement plant 13

15

Introduction of energy efficient technologies at Malaysia cement plant

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Introduction of Nuclear power


1

6

16

Outline


▪


• Pengembangan Strategi Ekonomi Rendah Karbon (Low • Power by Example o Green ICT o Urban Resoration o Pemetaan 100 Desa

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Carbon Growth Strategies, LCGS)


▪

Pengembangan Strategi Pembangunan Rendah Karbon

Kerangka Pengembangan Rencana

Rencana LCGS

Institutional enablers

Data “collation” dan pembangunan konsensus

SUMBER: DNPI – Low carbon growth team; team analysis

Institutional enablers • Mengembangkan strategi enablers kritis (e.g., tata ruang, kepemilikan lahan, monev, keterlibatan masyarakat, dll.) • Menaksir biaya total untuk mengimplementasikan berbagai peluang


Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Pembangunan Ekonomi • Analisis keunggulan dan kelemahan kompetitif • Menggali potensi sumber pertumbuhan baru (rendah karbon)


Mitigasi CO2 • Estimasi emisi saat ini dan masa datang • Menelaah potensi dan kelayakan teknis pengurangan emisi dan biaya implementasi berbagai initiatif mitigasi

Mitigasi CO2

Pembangunan Ekonomi

Faktor2 Kunci

18

85 persen dari emisi Indonesia tahun 2005 diakibatkan oleh kegiatan-kegiatan terkait dengan penggunaan lahan Emisi terkait penggunaan lahan Emisi dari sektor-sektor lainnya


Rincian emisi Indonesia berdasarkan sumber utama Juta ton CO2e

2,052

1,739

-15%

313

129

550

243

Deforestasi Degradasi

246

Absorpsi1

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

763

300

DekomposisiKebakaran gambut gambut

Pertanian

Total terkait Sektor penggunaan lainnya lahan

Total emisi

1 Termasuk absorpsi dari hutan-hutan terkelola dan perkebunan kayu SUMBER: Indonesia GHG abatement cost curve

18

19

Pengukuran 5 mitigasi teratas serta manfaat keekonomiannya Deskripsi

1 Mengurangi deforestasi

Zero Burning

Manajemen 4 Kehutanan berkelanjutan

Penggunaan lahan terdegradasi Meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian Terlibat dalam perdagangan karbon untuk memperoleh kesempatan konservasi hutan

570 MtCO2e

▪ ▪ ▪

Melarang pembakaran sebagai sarana persiapan lahan Membentuk regu pemadam kebakaran Menjamin penegakan tegas dan penalti bagi pelanggaran hukum

310 MtCO2e

▪ ▪ ▪

Rehabilitasi lahan gambut Penyiraman kembali lahan gambut Manajemen pengairan

250 MtCO2e

▪ ▪

Mengurangi penebangan berdampak Manajemen silvikultural

240 MtCO2e

▪ Penghutanan kembali dan konservasi “lahan yang cukup kritis” yang 5 Penghutanan kembali

telah rusak sebagian

SUMBER: DNPI – Indonesia GHG abatement cost curve

150 MtCO2e

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Mengurangi 3 dekomposisi gambut

▪ ▪ ▪


2

Penguranan, 2030

20

Strategi pertumbuhan karbon secara terperinci telah disusun Rencana Pertumbuhan Rendah Karbon Indonesia

Kalteng

Elemen-elemen Utama LCGS

Strategi-strategi sektor

▪ ▪ Kaltim

Strategi-strategi daerah

▪ ▪ ▪

Besarnya daerah dan penggunaan lahan Emisi dan potensi pengurangan GDP dan ketenagakerjaan

Implementasi dan enabler ▪ Rencana aksi mendetil ▪ Enabler penting yang dibutuhkan ▪ Perkiraan total biaya SUMBER: DNPI; Pemda Kaltim, Pemda Kalteng, Pemda Jambi

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Jambi

Peluang penurunan, proyek pilot, kebijakan yang dibutuhkan Kelapa sawit, kehutanan, pertanuan, batubara, minyak & gas


Strategi pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan ▪ Kelebihan dan kekurangan yang kompetitif ▪ Sumber pertumbuhan baru

Kalteng dan Jambi merupakan propinsi yang menjadi target pengembangan pembangunan ekonomi rendah karbon Diusulkan untuk dikembangkan

LCGS yang sudah dikembangkan Aceh Kaltim Kalbar

Riau

Papua

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Jambi

Kalteng Lampung

Sulsel Jabar

Jateng Bali

SUMBER: DNPI


Sumatra Utara


22

Outline


▪


• Pengembangan Strategi Ekonomi Rendah Karbon (Low Carbon

• “Power by Example” o Green ICT o Urban Resoration o Pemetaan 100 Desa

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Growth Strategies, LCGS)


▪

Dua peran penting intervensi ICT dalam Reengineering proses akan berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam pengurangan emisi GRK: (1). Aksi mitigasi diluar sektor ICT (2). Sektor ICT

Peran (2)

(1).Peran ICT dalam Intevensi aksi mitigasi diluar sektor ICT: konsumsi material konsumsi energi dan listrik mobilitas orang, barang dan jasa efisiensi aktivitas efisiensi ruang penyimpanan limbah

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

• • • • • •


Peran (1)

Sumber: www.smart2020.org


(2). Measuring, Reporting and Verification(MRV) untuk mendukung aksi mitigasi dari Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF)

Working Draft - Last Modified 7/3/2009 8:24:24 PM Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM


(3). Sapporo Initiative: Measuring, Reporting and Verification (MRV)

Research and Technology

•

Capacity Building: Technology/instruments Modeling assessment Integrated initiatives on low-carbon economy, such as Borneo Initiative

Networking:

• • •

International partnership on Indonesia’s Peatland Mapping Low carbon economy Data sharing

Global Negotiation Issues:

•

Leverage of peatland issues. Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim | 25

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

• • •


• • • • •

Integrated Indonesia Peatland Mapping Systems to support REDD+ and MRV Thematic and Integrated Research on the ground Open-source based data and tools Japan-Indonesia Consortium Low carbon economy etc

(4). www.indonesiacarbonupdate.net


Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM


(5). Green Campus and Urban Restoration (status Desember 2010) Roadmap Development • • •

“Proof of Concept” • •

Green Campus Urban Restoration

Indonesia Carbon Update Network(ICU-Net) • •

Knowledge Warehouse on Green Campus and Urban Restoration Hub of DNPI-Geo-Design Forum on Climate Change Hub of DNPI-Open Source Initiative

Join Publication •

Policy Memo on (1). Green Campus (2). Urban Restoration

. Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim | 27

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

•


Institutional Transformation Low Carbon Economy strategic research on Green Campus and Urban restoration Community Engagement

(4). Urban Restoration Program Summary: Dialogue on Green Industry and Green Innovation (Bandung, 15 November 2010)

Indonesia Carbon Update Network (ICU-Net) Asia/Africa Carbon Update Network(AACU-Net)

Public Participation and Rebranding Campaign Green Branding New Urbanism


Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Green Planning: Reengineering Ecological Network Vertical Development Community Engagement


Green Process Innovation: From Linier Metabolism to Circular Metabolism

Adopting Ecological Network Approach : Bandung City Larger Vegetation Corridor Core Area Connectivity GALERI LIPI


KASUM

PUSAIR

BS

KAMPUNG

BUTIK SABUGA

BATAN KAMPUNG BONBIN

ITB

ITB CIWALK SALMAN KAMPUNG KAMPUNG Source: BPLHD Jabar, Bandung, 15 Nov.2010

)

PASAR PDAM

PASUPATI

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Biodiversity in Bandung

Inisiatif Pemetaan 100 Desa

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Stakeholders: DNPI (GOI), UI, ITB, USU, Itenas, Hokkaido University(Universitas), Geo-Eye, ESRI, Waindo Spektra, INBIMA (Industri), IA-GD ITB, Sabang Merauke Circle,, etc.


Data Content • Spatial dynamics, covering interactions among land use and ecosystem that influence spatial changes. • Wealth production systems, covering production systems employed in the area as a result of intensive interactions of technology and economic factors. It may operate as internal interaction or may be as a result of external influence. • Institutional structures, covering factors that drive land use change, such as government policy on industry, tax and subsidy scheme for agriculture development, etc. • Social capital, covering social, economic and institutional factors rooted in the community that may influence individual or community behavior and drive (de/re)forestation and land use change processes.

The Screenshots of Land Cover/Use Changes in Banyumas Region (19902007)


Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

Finding (2) Trend of Land Use Change Pattern 60%

Percentage of the Area

50% 40% 30%

10% 0%

1995

2000

2005

2007

Forest

17.70%

4.07%

2.53%

1.24%

1.24%

Mix Garden+Plantation

28.18%

38.79%

32.51%

24.92%

22.04%

Settlement

0.63%

13.90%

17.55%

20.23%

23.54%

Paddy Field

7.42%

23.27%

29.64%

43.12%

48.00%

Dryland Agriculture

24.09%

11.13%

7.32%

3.43%

1.00%

(1). In the period of 1990-1995 deforestation is hugely occurred, and has converted more than 80% of forest area and is subsequently followed by land use exchange/shifting among different classes, mainly increasing of mix garden and plantation, settlement and paddy field areas. But, it is decreasing in dry land agriculture area. (2). From 1995 onward, the trend of mix garden and plantation and dry-land agriculture changes are steadily declining. However, settlement and paddy field are still continues to increase, reaching at 23.54% and 48% respectively in 2007 . (3). The rate of change of mix garden and plantation is lower than that of dry land agriculture where closed to the paddy field and settlement areas. This may indicates that land use changes in flat areas most likely occurred as a result of settlement and paddy field expansion. They may strong correlation between land uses, physical constraints as well as other factors/driving force (economy, policy, market access, ownerships, etc.). (4). It seems that since 2005 deforestation is likely to stop and reach stability.

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

1990


20%

Causal Model of Demand for Community Forest Management

Living location +

(downstream = 1) (middle stream = 2) (upstream = 3)

+

Demand for community management

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

+

+

Community efficacy to sustainable forest management


+

Perceived seriousness of deforestation

+

Job dummy (Farmer = 1)

Result of Path analysis Significance probability p<0.01:***, p<0.05:**, p<0.10:*

R-square=0.137

all sample

Living location

(N=502)

0.152***

0.112* -0.058

R-square=0.123

0.289*** CFI=0.976 TLI=0.780 RMSEA=0.077


-0.070 0.192***


0.205***

R-square=0.087


R-square=0.023

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM


0.374***


-0.169***


Path Analysis in 2groups Group: High government trust

Significance probability p<0.01:***, p<0.05:**, p<0.10:*

R-square=0.115

(N=219)

Living location

0.051

0.181* -0.029

R-square=0.306

0.347*** CFI=0.959 TLI=0.633 RMSEA=0.110


-0.150* 0.174**

Community efficacy to sustainable forest management R-square=0.083

0.223**

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM


0.311***


-0.418***



R-square=0.00

Path Analysis in 2groups Group: Low government trust

Significance probability p<0.01:***, p<0.05:**, p<0.10

R-square=0.242

(N=234)

Living location

0.226***

0.147 0.000

R-square=0.134

0.324*** CFI=0.959 TLI=0.633 RMSEA=0.110


-0.046 0.102


0.244***

R-square=0.081

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM


0.500***


-0.065



R-square=0.0

Path Analysis in 2groups Group: High community trust


R-square=0.100

(N=277)

Living location

0.102

0.184** -0.041

R-square=0.218

0.312*** CFI=0.971 TLI=0.738 RMSEA=0.089

(downstream = 1) (middle stream = 2) (upstream =3

-0.101 0.168**


0.262***

R-square=0.105

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM


0.310***


-0.313***



R-square=0.0

Path Analysis in 2groups Group: Low community trust


R-square=0.295

(N=176)

Living location

0.172*

0.086 0.022

R-square=0.146

0.368***

CFI=0.971 TLI=0.738 RMSEA=0.089

(downstream = 1) (middle stream = 2) (upstream =3

-0.033 0.103

Community efficacy to sustainable forest management R-square=0.058

0.192**

Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM


0.548***


-0.063



R-square=0.0

What’s Next?

PENDEKATAN STRATEGIK

•

Pengarusutamaan di tingkat nasional ? “Power by example” (national, sub-national, project, community) Intel Inside, Wall-mart Outside Lumbung Pengetahuan dan Jejaring (Knowledge Warehouse and Information Networking) Reformasi Kurikulum – pengarusutamaan isu perubahan iklim pada kurikulum pendidikan

• • • •

Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSi), www.gesi.org Cool IT, Greenpeace International, www.greenpeace.org Creative Change Education Solutions, www.creativechange.net Common Room Foundation, www.commonroom.info


Printed 6/30/2009 9:15:07 AM

BEST PRACTICES


• • • •

In the long run the pessimist may be proved right, but the optimist has a better time on the trip (Daniel L. Reardon)

TERIMAKASIH!!

Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim

| 40

Green Innovation: tantangan dan peluang. Farhan Helmy Mitigation Working Group

Recommend Documents