LANDASAN KONSEPTUAL PERANCANGAN TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan Untuk Melengkapi Tugas-Tugas dalam Memenuhi Syarat-Syarat Guna Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Periode Juli 2015
GEDUNG TEATER KONTEMPORER DI BADUNG
OLEH: YOSEP INDRA A 1004205069
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR (REGULER) 2015
LANDASAN KONSEPTUAL PERANCANGAN TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan Untuk Melengkapi Tugas-Tugas dalam Memenuhi Syarat-Syarat Guna Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Periode Juli 2015
GEDUNG TEATER KONTEMPORER DI BADUNG
DOSEN PEMBIMBING: Ir. Wayan Gomudha, MT. I Nyoman Widya Paramadhyaksa, ST.,MT,Phd
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR (REGULER) 2015
KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA FAKULTAS TEKNIK - JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR Jalan Kampus Bukit Jimbaran - Bali (0361) 703384, 703320 Fax : 703384 www.ar.unud.ac.id
PERNYATAAN
Judul Tugas Akhir
: Gedung Teater Kontemporer
Nama
: Yosep Indra A
NIM
: 1004205069
Program Studi
: Arsitektur
Periode
: Juli 2015
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa Tugas Akhir ini tidak terdapat karya pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu Perguruan Tinggi. Sepanjang pengetahuan saya tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, kecuali secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan di dalam daftar pustaka.
Denpasar,
Januari 2016
Yosep Indra A NIM. 1004205069
ABSTRAK
Seni pertunjukan teater merupakan cara menuangkan kreasi seni, yang diaplikasikan melalui kolaborasi gerak, suara dan mimik wajah dari para pemerannya. Seni pertunjukan teater telah mengalami perkembangan melalui jalan cerita yang dibuat kontemporer oleh sutradara, seperti jalan cerita rakyat yang dikombinasikan dengan komedi, dan sebagainya. Pada masa selanjutnya juga berkembang peminat seni pertunjukan teater di kalangan pelajar dalam teater kontemporer. Hal ini mendorong gagasan didirikan sebuah Gedung Teater Kontemporer di Badung, Bali untuk mewadahi kegiatan teater kontemporer para pelajar yang dikolaborasikan dengan artis dan seniman profesional untuk menyokong keberadaan komunitas teater pelajar ini. Gedung ini didesain dengan mengaplikasikan tema Future Elastic pada tampilan bangunan, sesuai dengan fungsinya sebagai wadah teater kontemporer dan memberi daya tarik tersendiri bagi para pengunjungnya.
Kata Kunci: kontemporer, teater, future elastis
ABSTRACT
Theater art showed how to pour a work of art, applied through the collaboration of motion, voice and facial expressions of the actors. Theater art growth through storylines which made contemporary by the director, such as the folklore combined with comedy. In other hand, enthusiasts theater performances are growing among students in contemporary theater, according to that, will be established a Contemporary Theatre Building in Badung, Bali to facilitate the activities of contemporary theater students whoes collaborate with artists and professional artists aim to support the existence of a community theater student. This building is designed with Future Elastic theme on the appearance of the building, accordance with the functions as vessel of contemporary theater and the main attraction of visitors.
Keywords: contemporary, theater, future elastic
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur saya berikan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas rahmat dan anugrahNya sehingga penyusunan Laporan Seminar Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Gedung Teater Kontemporer di Badung” ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik dan tepat waktu. Laporan Seminar Tugas Akhir ini disusun guna memenuhi syarat untuk melanjutkan pada tahap Studio Tugas Akhir. Penyusunan Laporan Seminar Tugas Akhir ini dapat terselesaikan atas adanya dukungan, bantuan dan bimbingan dari beberapa pihak. Untuk itu pada kesempatan ini saya menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian laporan ini baik. Ucapan terimakasih ini disampaikan kepada : 1. Bapak Prof. Ir. Ngk Putu Gede Suardana, MT., PhD. selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana. 2. Ibu Dr. Ir. Anak Agung Ayu Oka Saraswati, MT. selaku Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana. 3. Bapak Dr. Ir. Syamsul Alam Paturusi, MSP, selaku Dosen Pembimbing Akademis. 4. Bapak Ir. Wayan Gomudha, MT., selaku Dosen Pembimbing I. 5. Bapak I Nyoman Widya Paramadhyaksa, ST.,MT,Phd selaku Dosen Pembimbing II 6. Keluarga yang tercinta Bapak, Ibu, Kakak, Saudara-saudara semua yang telah senantiasa memberikan dukungan berupa doa, moral dan cinta serta material selama berlangsungnya penyusunan Laporan Seminar Tugas Akhir. 7. Sahabat dan teman-teman yang selalu mendukung dan memberi dorongan pada saat-saat jenuh selama berlangsungnya penyusunan Laporan Seminar Tugas Akhir. 8. Semua pihak yang terlibat secara langsung maupun tak langsung dalam penyusunan tugas ini yang tidak dapat saya sebutkan satu-persatu. Menyadari bahwa Laporan Seminar Tugas Akhir ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan, untuk itu dengan segala kerendahan hati, saya mengharapkan saran dan kritik serta bimbingan yang bersifat membangun untuk penyempurnaan selanjutnya. Denpasar, 25 Maret 2015 Penulis
Yosep Indra Aprilianto NIM. 1004205069 i
DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................................ ii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................v DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................. ix BAB 1 Pendahuluan 1.1. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................................3 1.3. Tujuan ......................................................................................................................3 1.4. Metode Penelitian ....................................................................................................4 BAB II Pemahaman Terhadap Gedung Pertunjukan Teater 2.1. Tinjauan Teori .........................................................................................................7 2.1.1 Fungsi Gedung Pertunjukan Teater ...............................................................7 2.1.2 Ruang- ruang pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer / Front Of House (FOH) ................................................................................8 2.1.3 Jenis-Jenis Desain Auditorium pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ..............10 2.1.4 Utilitas pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ...................................................17 2.1.5 Struktur pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ..................................................30 2.2. Studi Banding Fasilitas Sejenis ................................................................................. 32 2.3. Spesifikasi Umum Gedung Teater Kontemporer ...................................................... 42 2.3.1. Tujuan ........................................................................................................... 42 2.3.2. Jenis Kegatan ................................................................................................ 42 2.3.3. Fasilitas dan Kebutuhan Ruang .................................................................... 43 2.3.4. Prinsip Umum ............................................................................................... 43 BAB III Pemahaman Terhadap Gedung Pertunjukan Teater 3.1. Gambaran Umum Kabupaten Badung ...................................................................... 45 3.1.1. Kondisi Fisik Kabupaten Badung .................................................................. 45 3.1.2. Kondisi Non Fisik Kabupaten Badung .......................................................... 49 3.2. Studi Pengadaan Proyek Gedung Teater Kontemporer ............................................ 55 3.2.1. Analisis S.W.O.T ........................................................................................... 55 3.2.2. Strategi S.W.O.T ............................................................................................ 56 3.3. Spesifikasi Khusus Gedung Teater Kontemporer ..................................................... 57 ii
3.3.1. Definisi ........................................................................................................... 57 3.3.2. Tujuan ............................................................................................................ 57 3.3.3. Sistem Pengelolaan ........................................................................................ 58 3.3.4. Jenis Kegiatan ................................................................................................ 58 3.3.5. Fasilitas dan Ruang Kebutuhan ..................................................................... 59 3.3.6. Lokasi ............................................................................................................. 59 BAB IV Tema dan Program 4.1. Tema ......................................................................................................................... 60 4.1.1. Pengertian Tema ........................................................................................... 60 4.1.2. Pendekatan Tema .......................................................................................... 61 4.1.3. Penentuan Tema ............................................................................................ 62 4.1.4. Perwujudan Tema ......................................................................................... 62 4.2. Program Fungsional .................................................................................................. 62 4.2.1. Jenis Fungsi ................................................................................................... 62 4.2.2. Pelaku Kegiatan ............................................................................................ 63 4.2.3. Proses Kegiatan ............................................................................................. 65 4.2.4. Kebutuhan Ruang.......................................................................................... 66 4.3. Program Performansi ................................................................................................ 67 4.4. Program Arsitektural ................................................................................................. 69 4.4.1. Studi Kapasitas.............................................................................................. 69 4.4.2. Besaran Ruang .............................................................................................. 70 4.4.3. Pengelompokan Ruang ................................................................................. 75 4.4.4. Hubungan Ruang .......................................................................................... 75 4.4.5. Sirkulasi Ruang ............................................................................................. 79 4.5. Program Site .............................................................................................................. 80 4.5.1. Penentuan Kebutuhan Luas Site.................................................................... 80 4.5.2. Pemilihan Lokasi (Makro) ............................................................................ 80 4.5.3. Pemilihan Site (Mikro).................................................................................. 81 4.5.4. Analisis Site .................................................................................................. 84 BAB V Konsep Perancangan 5.1. Konsep Perancangan Site .......................................................................................... 88 5.1.1. Konsep Entrance ........................................................................................... 88 5.1.2. Konsep Zoning .............................................................................................. 91 5.1.3. Konsep Sirkulasi ........................................................................................... 92 iii
5.1.4. Konsep Bentuk Massa................................................................................... 93 5.1.5. Konsep Pola dan Orientasi Massa................................................................. 95 5.1.6. Konsep Ruang Luar ...................................................................................... 96 5.1.7. Konsep Utilitas Site....................................................................................... 97 5.2. Konsep Perancangan Bangunan .............................................................................. 100 5.2.1. Konsep Entrance Bangunan ....................................................................... 100 5.2.2. Konsep Zoning Bangunan ........................................................................... 101 5.2.3. Konsep Sirkulasi Bangunan ........................................................................ 102 5.2.4. Konsep Tampilan Bangunan ....................................................................... 103 5.2.5. Konsep Ruang Dalam ................................................................................. 103 5.2.6. Konsep Struktur .......................................................................................... 105 5.2.7. Konsep Utilitas............................................................................................ 107 Daftar Pustaka ................................................................................................................... 111
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Konter Informasi di Royal & Derngate Theatres, Northampton, UK ........... 9 Gambar 2.2. Exhibition Area di Royal & Derngate Theatres, Northampton, UK ............. 9 Gambar 2.3 Foyer di Bridgewater Hall, Manchester ......................................................... 9 Gambar 2.4 Bar di Northern Stage, Newcastle, UK ........................................................... 9 Gambar 2.5 Box Office di Norwich Theatre Royal,UK ...................................................... 9 Gambar 2.6 Procenium Arch, The Opera House Oslo, Norway ............................................... 10 Gambar 2.7 Netherlands Dance Theatre, The Hague, the Netherlands ............................. 10 Gambar 2.8 Corner stage format: The Olivier Auditorium di National Theatre................ 11 Gambar 2.9 Bayreuth Opera, Germany ................................................................................. 11 Gambar 2.10 Amphiteater format ....................................................................................... 12 Gambar 2.11 Thrust stage format: The Crucible Theatre, Sheffield .................................. 12 Gambar 2.12 The Orang Tree Threatre, Richmond-uponThames, Surrey, UK .......................... 13 Gambar 2.13 Traverse format: National Theatre, Mannheim, Germany ........................... 13 Gambar 2.14 a. Seat Down b. Seat Tipped ....................................................................... 14 Gambar 2.15 Sightline diagram ......................................................................................... 16 Gambar 2.16 Petunjuk dimensi untuk tempat duduk .......................................................... 16 Gambar 2.17 Potongan Stage House .................................................................................. 18 Gambar 2.18 Denah Stage House ...................................................................................... 18 Gambar 2.19 (a) wall frame, (b) grid installation, (c) fly gallery ....................................... 19 Gambar 2.20 (a) hemp fly gallery (b) The rope lock........................................................... 20 Gambar 2.21 (a) semi sprung (b) full sprung ...................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.22 Lift Panggung ................................................................................................ 21 Gambar 2.23 Panggung Berputar ........................................................................................ 21 Gambar 2.24 Diagram Posisi Lampu Royal Theatre Court, LX Department .................... 22 Gambar 2.25 (a) Auditorium Lighting Bridge di ceiling level (b) Contoh akses vertikal dan horizontal posisi lampu (c) Ukuran minimal area untuk follow spot dan operator adalah 1.5x2m ........................................................................................ 23 Gambar 2.26 Lighting Ladders .......................................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.27 Booms Royal Opera House .......................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.28 Perch ............................................................................................................ 25 Gambar 2.29 Ruang Kontrol Lighting ............................................................................... 25 v
Gambar 2.30 Tata letak sound ............................................................................................ 26 Gambar 2.31 Ruangan rak sound system ............................................................................ 27 Gambar 2.32 Ruang kontrol dibelakang auditorium........................................................... 28 Gambar 2.33 Ruang kontrol yang dipisah .......................................................................... 28 Gambar 2.34 Distribusi udara dingin dan udara panas ....................................................... 29 Gambar 2.35 Rotational Surface......................................................................................... 30 Gambar 2.36 Transitional Surface...................................................................................... 30 Gambar 2.37 Translational Surface.................................................................................... 31 Gambar 2.38 Pembentukan Shell Secara Geometri ............................................................ 31 Gambar 2.39 Balai Sarbini .................................................................................................. 32 Gambar 2.40 Peta Lokasi Balai Sarbini .............................................................................. 32 Gambar 2.41 Lobby Balai Sarbini ...................................................................................... 33 Gambar 2.42 Main Hall Balai Sarbini ................................................................................ 34 Gambar 2.43 Stage Balai Sarbini ........................................................................................ 35 Gambar 2.44 Sound System and Lighting Hall Balai Sarbini ............................................ 36 Gambar 2.45 Eksterior Bali Nusa Dua Theatre .................................................................. 37 Gambar 2.46 Parkir Depan ................................................................................................. 38 Gambar 2.47 Porte .............................................................................................................. 38 Gambar 2.48 Bentuk Auditorium ....................................................................................... 38 Gambar 2.49 Tingkatan Tempat Duduk ............................................................................. 38 Gambar 2.50 Auditorium Bali Nusa Dua Theatre .............................................................. 38 Gambar 2.51 Entrance Gate Bali Safari ................................................................................. 39 Gambar 2.52 Corak pada Tembok Proscenium .................................................................. 40 Gambar 2.53 Interior Gedung Teater .................................................................................. 40 Gambar 2.54 Auditorium Bali Agung Theatre........................................................................ 40 Gambar 2.55 Lounge ........................................................................................................... 40 Gambar 2.56 Sirkulasi/Foyer ................................................................................................ 40 Gambar 3.1 Peta Kabupaten Badung .................................................................................. 46 Gambar 3.2 Peta Kabupaten Badung .................................................................................. 46 Gambar 3.3 Suhu Kabupaten Badung ................................................................................. 47 Gambar 3.4 Penggunaan Lahan Kabupaten Badung .......................................................... 48 Gambar 3.5 Jumlah Penduduk Kabupaten Badung ............................................................ 50 Gambar 3.6 Jumlah Sekolah di Kabupaten Badung ........................................................... 50 Gambar 3.7 Kawasan Pariwisata Badung Selatan .............................................................. 53 vi
Gambar 4.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelolaan ..................................................................... 64 Gambar 4.2 Kegiatan Pengunjung ...................................................................................... 65 Gambar 4.3 Kegiatan Pengisi Acara ................................................................................... 65 Gambar 4.4 Kegiatan Pengelola ......................................................................................... 66 Gambar 4.5 Hubungan Ruang Fasilitas Utama................................................................... 76 Gambar 4.6 Hubungan Ruang Fasilitas Penunjang ............................................................ 77 Gambar 4.7 Hubungan Ruang Fasilitas Pengelola ............................................................. 78 Gambar 4.8 Sirkulasi Ruang ............................................................................................... 79 Gambar 4.9 Alternatif Site 1 ............................................................................................... 82 Gambar 4.10 Alternatif Site 2 ............................................................................................. 83 Gambar 4.11 Letak Site ...................................................................................................... 84 Gambar 4.12 Keadaan Iklim Pada Site ............................................................................... 85 Gambar 4.13 Jalur Air, Telepon, dan Listrik ...................................................................... 86 Gambar 4.14 Zona Kebisingan Site .................................................................................... 87 Gambar 5.1 Letak Main Entrance dan Side Entrance ......................................................... 89 Gambar 5.2 Bentuk Candi Bentar Umumnya ..................................................................... 90 Gambar 5.3 Penerapan Candi Bentar Pada Entrance Site................................................... 90 Gambar 5.4 Zoning Pada Site ............................................................................................. 91 Gambar 5.5 Sirkulasi Pada Site .......................................................................................... 93 Gambar 5.6 Amphitheater Pada Open Stage ...................................................................... 94 Gambar 5.7 Procenium ....................................................................................................... 94 Gambar 5.8 Pola Massa ...................................................................................................... 95 Gambar 5.9 Dimensi Sepeda Sepeda, Spd Motor, Mobil, Bus dan Truk ........................... 96 Gambar 5.10 Zona Parkir .................................................................................................... 97 Gambar 5.11 Pola Parkir Mobil .......................................................................................... 97 Gambar 5.12 Pola Parkir Roda 2 ........................................................................................ 97 Gambar 5.13 Pengolahan Air Hujan ................................................................................... 98 Gambar 5.14 Siklus Jaringan Listrik .................................................................................. 99 Gambar 5.15 Siklus Pengelolaan Sampah .......................................................................... 99 Gambar 5.16 Konsep Entrance Bangunan .......................................................................... 100 Gambar 5.17 Zoning Pada Bangunan ................................................................................. 101 Gambar 5.18 Sirkulasi Bangunan ....................................................................................... 102 Gambar 5.19 Theatre Stage................................................................................................. 104 vii
Gambar 5.20 Stage House................................................................................................... 104 Gambar 5.21 Penghawaan Buatan ...................................................................................... 109
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Standar Dimensi Tempat Duduk............................................................................ 17 Tabel 2.2 Kajian Fasilitas Sejenis .......................................................................................... 41 Tabel 3.1 Komunitas Teater di Bali yang Masih Aktif .......................................................... 51 Tabel 3.2 Jumlan Wisatawan Asing ke Bali .......................................................................... 52 Tabel 3.3 Jumlan Wisatawan Nusantawa ke Badung ............................................................ 52 Tabel 3.4 Presentase Jumlah Wisatawan Berdasarkan Jenis Wisata .....................................52 Tabel 3.5 Ketinggian Bangunan Provinsi Bali ......................................................................54 Tabel 4.1 Kebutuhan Ruang Pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer .......................................... 66 Tabel 4.2 Tuntutan dan Persyaratan Ruang Pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ................... 67 Tabel 4.3 Suasana Ruang Pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ............................................... 68 Tabel 4.4 Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Pertunjukan Pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ............ 70 Tabel 4.5 Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Edukasi Pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ................... 71 Tabel 4.6 Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Komersial Pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ............... 72 Tabel 4.7 Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Pengelola Pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ................ 73 Tabel 4.8 Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Servis Pada Gedung Teater Kontemporer ...................... 74 Tabel 4.9 Pembobotan Kriteria Site Makro ........................................................................... 80 Tabel 4.10 Pemilihan Derah Fasilitas .................................................................................... 81 Tabel 4.11 Pembobotan Kriteria Pemilihan Site Mikro......................................................... 83 Tabel 4.12 Pemilihan Site Mikro ........................................................................................... 84 Tabel 4.13 Topografi, Geologi dan Hidrologi Site ................................................................ 85
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