UNIT 8 SAYING MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS AND TERMS
A. Tujuan Pembelajaran Setelah mempelajari materi pada Unit 6 ini, diharapkan mahasiswa dapat membaca dan memahami istilah-istilah serta simbol-simbol matematika (mathematical symbols and terms) dalam bahasa Inggris yang sering digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika.
B. Isi Pembelajaran 1. Mathematical Symbols Math Symbols ≡ ≅ ∼ ≠ ≤ ≥ ∧ ∨ ∀ ∃ ∑ ∠ N Z R ∅ ∞ X∈x X∉x X ⊂Y X∪Y X ∩Y + − × ÷ √ ⊥ π ! ∫ a,b
Meaningful mathematics statement identically equal (didefinisikan) congruent with (sama dengan) Approximately (Kira2) not equal to (tidak sama dengan) less than or equal to (Lebih kecil/sama dengan) greater than or equal to (Lebih besar/sama dengan) logical and logical or for all there exists n-ary summation (jumlah) angle the set of natural numbers the set of whole numbers (integers) the set of real numbers an empty set an infinity sign an element x belongs to a set X an element x doesn’t belong to a set X a set X is a subset of a set Y a union of sets X and Y an intersection of sets X and Y plus sign/added by minus sign/subtracted by multiplication/multiplied by division/divided by square root/radical sign orthogonal to/perpendicular pi = 3,14159… factorial integral a numerical sign
2. How to say number and symbols a. How to say numbers and ordinal numbers Digit 1 digit numbers
Number forms 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
2 digit numbers 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 3 digit numbers 4 digit numbers 5 digit numbers 6 digit numbers 7 digit numbers 8 digit numbers 9 digit numbers 10 digit numbers
100, 300, 500, ... 2000, 4000, … 10 000, 30 000, ... 300 000 5 000 000 30 000 000 500 000 000 2 000 000 000
Ordinal numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Word First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eight Ninth Tenth
Number forms in English zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, one hundred, three hundred, five hundred, ... two thousand, four thousand,... ten thousand, thirty thousand,... three hundred thousand five million thirty million five hundred million two billion Abbreviation 1th 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
b. How to say number combination Numbers
Break down
47
equals (=) 40 + 7
683
equals (=) 600 + 80 + 3
3562
equals (=) 3000 + 500 + 60 + 2
Explanation This number has two digits. The highest is forty, the next value is seven. Therefore it should be ‘forty seven’ This number has three digits. The highest value is six hundred followed by eighty followed by three. Therefore it should be ‘six hundred and eighty three’ This number has four digits. The highest value is three thousand followed by five hundred followed by sixty followed by two. Therefore it should be ‘three thousand five hundred and sixty two
c. How to say numbers with decimal point Numbers
Break down
3.7
equal (=) 3 + 0.7
58.4
equal (=) 50 + 8 + 0.4
5.84
equal (=) 5 + 0.84
Explanation This number has one digit. The highest value is three followed by zero point seven. Therefore it should be ‘three point seven’ This number has two digits. The highest value is fifty followed by eight followed by zero point four. Therefore it should be ‘ fifty eight point four’ This number has one digit. The highest value is five followed by zero point eight four. Therefore it should be ‘five point eight four’
d. How to say fraction Generally, we can say a fraction sign (ex: or a/b) with word ‘over’ for example: a)
, it should be said as ‘thirty seven over five’.
b) , it should be said as ‘three over seven’
Note: The upper part of fraction called a numerator, the lower part of a fraction called a denominator.
c) Some fractions already have a designated name, but the value of the numerator should not more than the value of the denominator. Example: -
½ is half
-
is x-third; one-third, two-thirds, not five-thirds
-
is x-quarter; one-quarters, three-quarters, not seven-quarters
-
is x-fifth; one-fifth, two-fifths, three-fifths, not nine-fifths
3. How to say mathematical expression Math expression 25 + 352 = 377 45 – 56 = -11 3 x 7 = 21 24 : 6 = 4 43 = 64 = 25
x + y = 12 x = y -10 x < y +3 x≤y -
English expression Twenty five plus three hundred and fifty two is three hundred and seventy seven Forty five minus fifty six is negative eleven Three multiplied by seven is twenty one Twenty four divided by six is four Four raised to the power of three is sixty four or four cubed is sixty four. The square root of six hundred and twenty five is twenty five The cube root of sixty four is four or the third root of sixty four is four The fifth root of thirty two is two x plus y is twelve The value of x is equal to the value of y minus ten The value of x is less than the value of y plus three The value of x is smaller than y Minus five thirty-fourths
C. Tugas 6 1. Tulislah mathematical expressions berikut ini dengan kalimat Bahasa Inggris, kemudian praktekkan untuk membacanya dengan teman Anda: a. 13 + 128 = 141 f. 53 = 125 b. -2 – 7 =-9 c. 53 x 2 = 106 d. 32 : 4 = 8 e.
g. h. x + 3 < 8
2.
Apakah yang dimaksud dengan mathematical termsberikut ini, jelaskan ! a. Arc b. Complementary angle c. Greatest Common Factor (GCF) d. Obtuse triangle e. Protactor
3. Jodohkanlah antara mathematical termsdalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia berikut ini:
Bahasa Inggris Chord Denominator Obtuse angle Paralellogram Whole number
Bahasa Indonesia Jajargenjang Sudut tumpul Penyebut Persegipanjang Tali busur Bilangan bulat
