Teknologi Pertanian
LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN HIBAH PENELITIAN DALAM PENINGKATAN PUBLIKASI ILMIAH INTERNASIONAL PROGRAM WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITY TAHUN 2010
OPTIMASI PROSES DEGRADASI LIPIDA DAN DETERJEN DARI INOKULUM BAKTERI Pseudomonas sp PADA LIMBAH CAIR Oleh: Ir. Nur Hidayat, MP Prof.Dr.Ir. Sri Kumalaningsih, M.AppSc Prof. Dr.dr. Noorhamdani, SpMk Dr.Ir. Susinggih Wijana, MS
Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional, melalui DIPA Universitas Brawijaya berdasarkan SK Rektor Nomor : 190/SK/2010, tanggal 17 Juni 2010.
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA MALANG 2010
RINGKASAN Deterjen dan minyak nabati saat ini menjadi indikator pencemaran lingkungan yang penting karena penggunaannya yang sulit terkontrol baik dari rumah tangga maupun industry kecil. Konsumsi makanan gorengan dan penggunaan deterjen yang berlebihan mengakibatkan kedua bahan ini sulit dikendalikan. Perombakan kedua bahan tersebut membutuhkan proses biologis dengan memanfaatkan bakteri yang mampu merombak kedua senyawa secara bersamaan. Pseudomonas diketahui merupakan bakteri dengan aktivitas lipase yang tinggi dan mampu merombak deterjen namun belum pernah diuji secara bersamaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Memperoleh isolat bakteri yang mampu memetabolisme lipida dan surfaktan dengan kemampuan paling baik. Memperoleh kondisi optimal bagi proses degradasi lipida dan surfaktan Mendapatkan inokulum padat yang memiliki daya hidup baik selama penyimpanan. Manfaat dari penelitian adalah Membantu masyarakat, industri kecil, dan pemerintah dalam mengatasi adanya cemaran lipid dan surfaktan pada lingkungan. Menambah kekayaan koleksi mikrobia lokal yang mampu melakukan degradasi lipiddan surfaktan sekaligus Memberi peluang usaha produksi inokulum mikrobia bentuk kering yang bermanfaat untuk mengatasi lingkungan Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental yang terdiri dari 3 penelitian, yaitu: 1). Penelitian I: seleksi Pseudomonas sp pendegrdasi lipida dan deterjen; 2). Penelitian II: optimasi proses degradasi lipida dan deterjen yang terdiri dari dua percobaan dan 3). Penelitian III: penentuan bahan pembawa dan daya hidup inokulum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri Pseudomonas yang memiliki kemampuan degradasi deterjen dan lipid paling baik adalah P. aeruginosa (Penelitian I). Optimasi perombakan deterjen dan minyak nabati adalah jumlah inokulum 3 %, konsentrasi deterjen 0,3 g/L, kadar minyak nabati 5 mL/L, pH 7,0 waktu inkubasi 5 hari dan laju penggojogan 100 rpm (Penelitian II). Bahan pembawa yang paling baik adalah tepung tapioca dengan jumlah kultur ditambahkan 5% (Penelitian III)
SUMMARY Detergent and vegetable oil has become an important indicator of environmental pollution due to its use are difficult to control both from households and small industry. Consumption of fried foods and excessive use of detergent resulted in the two materials are difficult to control. Overhaul of the two materials requires a biological process using bacteria that is able to remodel the two compounds simultaneously. Pseudomonas is a bacteria known with a high lipase activity and able to consume detergents but have not been tested simultaneously The purpose of this study was able to obtain isolates of bacteria that metabolize lipids and surfactants with the best ability. Obtain optimum conditions for the degradation of lipids and surfactants. Getting solid inoculum that has good viability during storage. The benefits of the research is Helping communities, small industries, and government to solve the contaminant and surfactant lipids on the environment. Adding a wealth of local microbial collections that can perform as well as degradation of lipids and surfactants business opportunities Giving production of microbial inoculum dry form that is useful to overcome environmental. The research method used is an experimental method which consisted of 3 studies, namely: 1). Research I: Selection of Pseudomonas sp decomposer lipids and detergents; 2). Research II: optimization of the degradation of lipids and detergents which consisted of two experiments and 3). Research III: determination of carrier material and inoculum viability. The results showed that Pseudomonas bacteria that have the ability of detergent and lipid degradation is best P. aeruginosa (Research I). Optimization of the percentage decrease in detergent and vegetable oil is the amount of inoculum 3%, detergent concentration 0.3 g / L, levels of vegetable oil 5 mL / L, pH 7.0, 5-day incubation time and shaking speed of 100 rpm (Research II). The best carrier material is tapioca flour mill with a number of culture added 5% (Research III)
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