Pertanian
LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN HIBAH PENELITIAN DALAM PENINGKATAN PUBLIKASI ILMIAH INTERNASIONAL PROGRAM WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITY TAHUN 2010
POTENSI JAMUR ENDOFIT ASAL MANGROVE SEBAGAI ANTI METHICILLIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) DAN ANTI VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT Enterococcus faecium (VREF)
Oleh: Ir. Muhamad Firdaus, MP Asep Awaludin Prihanto, S.Pi., M.P Rahmi Nurdiani, S.Pi, M.App.Sc
Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional, melalui DIPA Universitas Brawijaya berdasarkan SK Rektor Nomor : 190/SK/2010, tanggal 17 Juni 2010.
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA MALANG 2010
RINGKASAN Penyakit infeksi akibat bakteri resisten methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) dan Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) telah menjadi ancaman. Jamur endofit dikenal merupakan sumber antimikroba alami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan antibiotik baru yang berpotensi sebagai anti MRSA dan VREF. Tujuan khususnya adalah (1) mendapatkan kandungan fitokimia bagianbagian mangrove, (2) mendapatkan isolat jamur endofit mangrove (3) mendapatkan aktivitas anti MRSA dan VREF ekstrak kasar jamur endofit (4) mendapatkan identitas senyawa antibiotik dari jamur endofit. Penelitian ini dirancang dalam tiga tahap. Tahap pertama dilakukan analisis fitokimia secara kualitatif terhadap bagian-bagian mangrove yang didapat dari muara sungai Porong. Secara keseluruhan semua bagian tanaman mangrove mengandung fitokimia, yaitu: alkaloid, tanin, saponin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid dan glikosida. Dalam tahap ini juga dilakukan uji tantang ekstrak bagian mangrove terhadap MRSA. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak metanol daun Excoercia agallocha mempunyai aktivitas hambatan paling kuat. Tahap kedua berupa isolasi endofit yang terdapat pada beberapa bagian mangrove. Hasil menunjukkan endofit yang terdapat dalam mangrove adalah Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp, Acremonium sp, Fusarium sp, Phomopsis sp dan Ampelomyces sp. Rendemen ekstrak jamur endofit dalam berbagai pelarut sekitar 0,52-1,79%. Zona hambat isolat endofit mangrove paling besar terhadap MRSA didapat dari Penicillium sp yang dilarutkan metanol yaitu 24,54 mm, sementara itu hambatan isolat Fusarium sp dan Ampelomyces sp menunjukkan hambatan terhadap VREF sebesar 21,23 mm. Tahap ketiga berupa elusidasi struktur terhadap Penicillium sp. Berdasar analisis spektroskopi yaitu IR dan NMR satu dan dua dimensi menunjukkan senyawa aktif yang dikandung dalam isolat endofit Penicillium sp adalah 8-(metoksikarbonil)-1- hidroksi-9-oxo- 9H-xantene-3asam karboksilat dan dimetil 8-metoksi-9-oxo-9Hxantene-1,6-dikarboksilat.
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