IRRIGATION AND FOOD SOVEREIGNITY SIGIT SUPADMO ARIF FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY UGM
WATER ACT
APPROACH • WITH THE SAME ARTICLE IN THE CONSTITUTION BUT IS IMPLEMENTED BY TWO WATER ACTS WITH DIFFERENCE APPROACH : WATER LAW NO 11/1974
USE SOCIAL APPROACH WATER IS PUBLICT GOOD
WATER LAW NO 7/2004
USE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC APPROACH WATER IS COMMON POOL RESOURCES (CPR) AMOUNT AND QUALITY DECREASE WHEN ITS APPILIED AND NEED MORE INSTITUTIONS
CHANGING GLOBAL PARADIGM • CHANGING GLOBAL PARADIGM AFFECT DIFFERRENCE IN WATER LAW IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH : 1992: WATER IS ECONOMIC GOOD : WATER IS ECONOMIC GOOD WITH SOCIAL FUNCTION • PUSSING WATER MARKET, PRIVATIZATION AND COMERSIALIZATION OF WATER SECTOR •
CANCELATION OF WATER ACT NO 7/2004 • SOME ARTICLES WATER ACT NO 7/2004 CONTAINS STATEMENTS THAT BE USED FOR ENCOURAGING WATER MARKET, COMMERSIALZATION, AND PRIVATIZATION. DANONE IS THE BIGGEST WATER COMPANY THAT DOMINATE WATER BUSINESS IN THE WORLD EVEN IN INDONESIA (SILVA, 2002) • AS RESULT SOME WATER CONFLICT OCCURE IN SOME PART OF THE COUNTRY KLATEN, SUKABUMI, CIREBON ETC • WATER INTEGRITY IS VERY LOW IMPLEMENTED IN THE COUNTRY • IN 18 FEBUARY 2015 WATER LAW NO 7 WAS CANCELED AND WATER ACT NO 11/1974 IS IMPLEMENTED MEANWHILE WAITING FOR THE NEW WATER ACT BY LAW THERE IS NO BASIC WATER ACT CAN BE USED AS BASIS IMPLEMENTATION OF RIRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN THE COUNCTRY RECENTLY PRAPARATION FOR SEVERAL MINISTER DECREES
WATER FOR FOOD
THREE WORLD CRISIS •ENERGY
• FOOD
• GLOBAL CLIMATIC CHANGE
FO
AFFECT IRRIGATION WATER AND L EFFECT FOOD PRODUCTION
CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASNG FLOODING AND DROUGHT OCCURANCE 1885 -2011
EFFECT DROUGHT TO RICE PRODUCTION 600
500
Luas x 1000 Ha
400
300
Terkena kekeringan Puso
200
100
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Tahun
EFFECT FLOOD TO RICE PRDUCTION 500 450 350
300 250 200
Terkena banjir
150
Puso
100 50
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
0
1996
Luas x 1000 Ha
400
Tahun
MINESTRY OF AGRICULTRE, 2013
5 PILARS OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT Environment
Water
avaibility
Infrastructure
Agriculture productions
funds
Environment
Farmer’s prosperity
WATER NEED IN 2010 VS PREDICTED 2028
AVAILIBILITY OF IRRIGATION WATER DECREASE BY 10 %
WATERSHED CONDITIONS • • • •
TOTAL NUMBER OF WATERSHED : 458 VERRY CRITICAL : 60 CRTICAL : 222 SUB OPTIMAL : 176 (DUE TO SOME REASONS LAND COVERSION)
SOMECRITICAL WATERSHED
(lanjutan) WAY SEKAMPUNG Sekampung
DAS Brantas
DAS Grindulu Pacitan
DAS K. Bogel, Blitar
15
CHANGING SPACE FROM RURAL AREA TO URBAN AREA
Wilayah Perkotaan 2010
Wilayah Perkotaan 2030
DIY CASE
RATIO Qmax/Qmin IN SEVERAL RIVERS Indonesia No
RIVER
ratio Qmax/Qmin
No
RIVER
1
S.Citarum
57 – 1667
13
S. Bt. Kuantan
56
2
S.Cibuni
78
14
S. Bt. Kampar
68 – 101
3
15
S. Bt. Rokan
59
4
S. Ciujung (Banten) S. Solo (Jateng)
106
16
S. A. Dikit
25
5
S. Serayu
1667
17
S. Bt. Hari (Jambi)
6
S. Lusi
345
18
S. Musi
7
400 – 588
19
164
20
9
S. Brantas
8 – 12
21
10
S. Asahan
42
22
S. Tulang Bawang (Sumatera Selatan) S.. Sekampung (lampung) S. Paguyaman (Gorontalo) S. Randangan
175 – 256
8
S. Progo (Jawa Tengah dan DIY) S. Solo (Jatim)
12
S. Pasaman
33
23
S. Cenranae
60 – 2000
13
S.Bt.Hari (Sumbar)
139
24
S. Mapili
25
S. L. Sampara
22 – 179
Sumber : kementerian Lingkungan Hidup (2002)
Ratio Qmax/Qmin
18 – 357 9 – 47
667 2500 72
588 13
Total Indonesia
TP: 3221
Kalimantan TP: 1008 PC:
98.8
TP:
Sulawesi 247 PC:
PC:
16.8
18.3
Papua & Maluku TP:
Sumatera TP: 738 PC:
18.4
Jawa TP: 187 PC:
1.6
TP = Total Potensi (milyar m3/ th) PC = Per Kapita (1.000 m3/capita/ th)
Nusa Tenggara TP:
60 PC:
5.5
981
PC:
251.5
IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDONESIA SUMATERA 1.999.312 Ha 28%
JAWA 3.305.431 Ha 46%
KALIMANTAN 511.278 Ha 7%
BALI 123.907 Ha 2%
SULAWESI 866.606 Ha 12%
NTB & NTT 310.040 Ha 4%
MALUKU & PAPUA 113.609 Ha 2%
No
aoutority
1
DISTRICT
31,860
3.491.961
2
PROVINCE
1,109
1.423.222
3
NATIONAL
241
2.315.000
33,210
7.230.183
TOTAL
No Irrigation syetem
Area
most irrigation system is under Kabupaten/kota (distrct) autority it means that distrric has a big strategic role in food production Local problems small irrigation system have difference problems with the big one
Condition of irrigation inftrastructure DI INDONESIA (2010 5% HEAVIY BOKEN
12% Rusak Berat
28%
Kondisi Rusak Ringan
GOOD
Baik
Kondisi Rusak Sedang
LIGTH
KEWENANGAN PUSAT (2,315,000 HA)
Kondisi Rusak Ringan
Rusak Sedang
Rusak Sedang
13%
Kondisi Baik
Kondisi Rusak Sedang
Kondisi Rusak Berat
54%
48%
39%
MEDIUM Kondisi Baik
12% Rusak Berat
Baik
20%
Kondisi Rusak Berat Berdasarkan Rapid Assesment Audit Teknis Tahun 2010
Berdasarkan Rapid Assesment Audit Teknis Tahun 2010
37%
12% Rusak Ringan
KEWENANGAN PROVINSI (1,423,222 HA)
20% Rusak Ringan
KEWENANGAN KABUPATEN/KOTA (3.491.961 HA)
KETERANGAN GAMBAR: Kondisi Baik Kondisi Rusak Ringan
Kondisi Rusak Sedang Kondisi Rusak Berat
Sumber: Rapid Assessment – Audit Teknis Irigasi, 2010 22
PROBLEMS IN IRRIGATION O&M
GARBAGE AND WASTE IN IRRIGATION CHANEL
DI Pundong Bntul, Yogyayrta
makalah seminar KNI-ICID
PROBLEMS IN IRRIGATION O&M 1. LACK OF FUND 2. O&P PARADOX O&M IS IMPORTANT BUT EVERYBODY NEGLECTED 3. LACK OF MAINTENANCE EFFORT 3. WEAKNESS OF HUMAN RESOURCES 4. WEEKNESS IN INSTITUTION OF IRRIGATION O&M 5.INCONSTENCE IN O&M IMPLEMENTAION 6. KNOWLEDGE GAP BETWEEN BEREAUCRACY AND FARMERS VANDALISM
INSTITUTION NATIONAL LEVEL
LOCAL LEVEL
• LACK OF COORDITANION AMONG INSTITITION
•IRRIGATION COMMISION VERY WEAK •LAVK OF COORDINATION AMONG INSTITUTIONS
WHO WILL BE RESPONSIBLE ?
MORE PROBLEMS • LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF IRRIGATOR TO SERVE FARMERS DUE TO CHANGING OF GOVERNANCE POLICY IN EMPOWER
Result irrigation evaluation Wadaslintang irrigation system performance FOR IRRIGATION MODERNIZATION NOI INDICATOR ASPECT
WEIGHT
DEGREE OF OPTIMALZASTI ON (%)
SCORE
1
WATER AVAIBILITY
20
80
16
2
INFRASTRUCTURES
25
90
22.5
3
O&M
15
84
12,6
4
INSTITUTION
20
84
16,4
5
HUMAN RESOURCES
20
39
7,8
LACK OF COORDINATIONS FARMER GO TO ARMY TO GET HELP SOLVING THE PROBLEMS
FARMERS WORK TOGETHER WITH ARMY
SOME OTHER PROBLEMS IN HUMAN RESOURCES IN IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT • ALMOST NO TRAINNING AND EMPOWERMENTS PROGRAM IN IRRIGATION TO FARMERS SINCE IRRIGATION TRAINNING INSTITUTION PROGAM OF PU-HOUSING WAS DISMISSED • SALARY OF IRRIGATOR VERRY LOW AND NO EMPLOYEE STATUS FOR THEM
Solving the problems • New government launch to build 64 dams, 1 Million hectares new irrigation system and rehabilitate 3 million hectares irrigation area but non for human capital effort • these targets are more political target rather than realistic one • This approach is same to past new order government era which doing development base on infrastructure approach
these tabel shows the ability of goverment official to do OM of irrigation system
Rehabilitation ability
PEOPLE IS CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT WATER AVAIBILITY
INSTITUTIONS
PEOPLE
O&M
Gambar 2.2 Konsep keterkaitan lima pilar sistem irigasi berbasis manusia
INFTARSTRUC TURE
WORKING WITH FARMERS
PERFORMANCE OF FARMERS IN THE FIELD
INTENSIF WORKS IN THE FARM LEVEL
STRONG WATER USER ASSOCIATION AFTER EMPOWERMENT FROM UNIVERSITY BY SETING UP CLEAN IRRIGATION MOVEMENT IN BANTUL AND SLEMAN
RESULTS OF IRRIGASITIION MOVEMENT
SUMMARY • SOLVING PROBLEMS IN IRRIGATION FOR ATTAINING SELF RELIANCE IN FOOD CAN NOT BE DONE ONLY BY DEVELOPING INFRASTRUCTURE BUT IT ALSO NEED TO BE SUPPORT WITH CAPACITY BUILDING OF IRRIGATION COMMUNITY
