Hungarian cadastral mapping Piroska Zalaba Tamás Koós György Reményi Department of Land Administration Trenro (Trient), Maj 20-22 2015
Pre cadastral maps of Hungary A map of Hungary made by Lázár Eleazarus in the year of 1514.
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Wolfgang Lazius Map of Hungary from 1552
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Johann Cristoph Müller’s map of Hungary from the year 1709
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Map of Nagykunság, compiled from the data of the 1731 survey by Sámuel Mikovinyi
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The third military survey The second military survey became obsolete. It was never finished, the survey methods became out of date. 1869 start of the 3. military survey. The survey was based on the new triangulation and new levelling networks The use of 1 : 25 000 maps Achievement: 746 sheets, 1 : 75 000 scale 1899 – the end of the 3. military survey.
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The third military survey in Hungary • • • •
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The result : Use of metric system Military topographic maps in the scale of 1:25 000 1353 maps , size of maps 76 × 55 cm, area depicted/map 261 km². Hydrogeology, elevation
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The new survey of Budapest • • •
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1932, start of survey New triangulation network Strict survey methods (every point is measured in the field and gets coordinates) Numerical survey methods 1:1000 scale After WW II. the work continues. Budapest grows in size due to new districts. Changes in organization and technology alter the work.
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High accuracy survey plan
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Budapest map from 1937
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City map of Eger Royal Cartography
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Projection systems used in Hungarian cadastral mapping
EOV- Uniform National projection STG – Stereographic projection HÉR HKR Cylinder Projections HDR (North, middle, south) VN – Projection without reduction
EOV STR VN HÉR HKR HDR No Rural Area
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Since 1975 surveying and mapping was implemented in the Uniform National Projection (EOV) and the maps where produced in the Uniform National Map System (EOTR). Scale of maps - 1 : 4000 , towns and cities 1:1000, 1: 2000 Map grid covers the whole country, but the EOV new mapping was never finished. Old maps created in earlier projections : – projection without reduction, – Budapest Stereographic Projection 1860 and – three cylinder (HÉR, HKR, HDR) projections 1908 .
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Cadastral Map of the town of Csömör
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Stereographic Map of of Csömör
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EOV Map of Csömör
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EOV map sheet
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Description of EOV Projection System • •
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Name: EOV (Uniform National Projection System). Description: The EOV is a plane projection system used uniformly for the Hungarian civilian base maps and, in general, for spatial informatics. (Base maps: 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:4000 large scale maps for cadastre and 1:10.000, 1:25.000, 1:100.000 topographic maps.) 1: 10 000 overview maps Geometric classification: Conformal cylindrical projection in transversal position. Date of introduction: 1972-1975 Origin of EOV plane coordinates: Coordinate system is moved to South-West with respect to origin of projection so that all possible EOV coordinates be positive for Hungary: XEOV = x + 200 000.000 m YEOV = y + 650 000.000 m
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Main parameters of EOV projection system • Parameters: • Reference surface: The IUGG GRS 1967 reference ellipsoid (Geodetic Reference System of International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, 1967): a = 6 378 160.000 m b = 6 356 774.516 m Ellipsoidal geographic coordinates: , • Projecting sphere: A Gauss-sphere fitted to reference ellipsoid at the normal parallel. It is used for Gauss-sphere: its radius: R = 6 379 743.001 m and its spherical geographic coordinates: , 19
EOTR -Uniform National Map System
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1997: National Cadastre Program •
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1996: Government decision about the program: nation-wide digital new mapping Financing from loan of commercial banks with government guarantee * 55 000 cadastral map sheets (9.3 million hectares) * from land privatisation 3 million hectares are digitised Establishing the National Cadastre Non-profit Company for administrative management of the program 1996 Digital Base Map regulation (DAT) MSZ 7772-1 Hungarian Standard Maps prepared by private sector Loan must be paid back from income of data service Start of the program: September 1997 Original plan: preparing new digital cadastral maps and provide IT infrastructure for maintaining May 13, 1998 - Bank loan of 6,6 billion Fts (22 m Euros ) 14 Local governments join the project, they join in the financing of the new data bases (by the end of 1999 145 m Ft – 500 000 Euros where transferred for the funding of the 21 new survey work)
The utilization of 6.6 Billion Ft loan Other expenses 4% Digitization of rural areas 12% Training 1%
Development of land office Information technology (IT) 21 %
New cadastral mapping 62%
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1943.évi Utasítás az országos felmérés végrehajtására 1954. Szabatos felmérések végrajhajtására vonatkozó utasítás 6155-101/1953 (T.49.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás
Rendelte el a Szabatos felmérések végrehajtására vonatkozó utasítás kötelező használatát
DAT Regulation
106/1957 (T.6.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás 113/1957 (T.13.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás 113/1/1957 (T.19.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás
T.6 T.13 T.19
A földmérési térképek készítése tárgyában Kataszteri térképhelyesbítés elveiről A kataszteri térképhelyesbítés irányelveivel kapcsolatos magyarázat
46/1957.(VII.31.) Korm. r. 118/1961 (T.17.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás 207/1962 (T.6.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás
T.17 T.6
Külterületi kataszteri térképfelújítás végrehajtására A földrendezéssel nem érintett területek földnyilvántartási adatainak rendezéséről
209/1962 (T.9.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás 225/1962 (T.20.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás 113/1963 (T.10.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás 260/1963 (T.2.) ÁFTH sz.irányelv
T.9 T.20 T.10 T.2
A belterületek és zártkertek kataszteri térképeinek felújítására Községek és városok külterülete felmérésének végrehajtása Községek belterülete felmérésének végrehajtására Irányelvek a fotogrammetriai eljárások alkalmazására a külterületi térképfelújítási és új felmérési munkák végrehajtásánál
508/1965 (T.6.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás
T.6
A Szabatos felmérési utasítás egyes rendelkezéseinek módosításáról
1208/1966 (T.14.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás
T.14
A belterület kateszteri térképeinek fotogrammetriai eljárással történő felújítása és földnyilvántartási adatainak rendezése
610/1966 (T.8.) ÁFTH sz. útmutató
T.8
A fotogrammetriai alapanyagok készítésére és felhasználására a nagyméretarányú térképezésben
610/1/1966 (T.14.) ÁFTH sz. utasítás
T.14
610/1966 /T.8./ ÁFTH sz. útmutató 4.§-nak kiegészítésére kiadott utasítás
40837/1973 (F.1.) sz. MÉM OFTH szabályzat
F.1
Szabályzat a földmérési alaptérképek készítésére
64431/1975 (F.3.) sz. MÉM OFTH szabályzat
F.3
Az egységes országos térképrendszer földmérési alaptérképeinek készítésére
48100/1978 (F.4.) sz. MÉM OFTH szabályzat
F.4
A régi vetületi rendszerben újfelméréssel készült földmérési alaptérképeknek az egységes országos térképrendszerbe történő átdolgozása
47460/1983 (F.7) sz. MÉM OFTH szabályzat
F.7
23 Az egységes országos térképrendszer földmérési alaptérképeinek készítésére
DAT Regulation The Digital Base Map (DAT) Regulation provides detailed descriptions of the procedures of design, production, revision and maintenance of digital base maps ,about their data exchange format, documentation, control, quality control, verification and State acceptance, also the conversion of numeric and digital data of land surveying base maps into digital base maps and their quality control. From 1996 on, it is mandatory to produce the national land surveying base maps . The DAT Regulation consists of the following parts: • DAT1 Regulation: Design, production, revision and maintenance of digital base maps, their data exchange format, documentation, control, quality control, verification and State acceptance. • DAT2 Regulation: Conversion of land surveying base maps into digital base maps and their quality control. • DAT1-M1: Annex to DAT1. Structure, data tables and data exchange formats; DAT1-M2: Annex to DAT1. Legends of the digital base map. • DAT1-M3: Annex to DAT1. Land office software for examining and verifying the internal consistence of digital base map data. • DAT2-M1: Annex to DAT2. Starting data and a computation software (TRAFO) for transformation among projection systems applied in Hungary (STG, HÉR, HKR, HDR, EOV, BOV) based on unified requirements and accuracy. 24
The rank of obect points (detail points) •
R1: The main breakpoints of administrative boarder’s with strict stationary markings, all urban land parcel points bordering public lands (streets and squares)
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R2: Additional points of administrative boarders and urban parcels. Rural land parcels’ well marked points.
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R3: Rural parcels’ additional points, and the points of buildings, roads, cables’ and pipes’ surface facilities.
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R4: Points not belonging to the upper categories: ditches, cultivation type boundaries,
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R5: A soil quality boarders and geocode points. 25
Quality classification T1 - Urban areas •T11 - Data from digital surveys (numerical data) •T12 - Data drafted from pre Dat survey material and from digitizing maps T2 – Rural areas T21 - Data from digital surveys (numerical data) T22 - Data drafted from pre Dat survey material and from digitizing maps
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Accuracy of geometrical data T1 (Urban) [cm] R1 R2 R3 R4
T11 3 5 6 8
T2 (Rural) [cm] T12 20 25 30 45
T21 5 7 10 19
T22 45 50 60 90
The allowable difference in cm-s
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Margin of error for distances T1 (Urban)
R1 R2 R3 R4
R1 12
R2 18 21
T11 (new survey) R3 21 24 24
R4 27 27 30 33
R1 84
R2 96 105
T12 (digitizing) R3 108 117 126
R4 147 153 162 192
The error allowed between examination measurements and distances calculated from coordinates. (cm) 28
Margin of error for distances
T2 (Rural)
R1 R2 R3 R4
T21 (new survey) R1 R2 21 27 30
R3 33 36 39
R4 39 42 45 51
T22 (digitizing) R1 R2 192 201 213
R3 225 234 255
R4 300 309 324 381
The error allowed between examination measurements and distances calculated from coordinates. (cm) 29
National Cadastre Program Progress of the program: Digital new surveys June 2002
Revision of the National Cadastre Program • Too slow and expensive, not enough result - by the end of 2003: the maps of 80 settlements are ready - IT infrastructure of land offices is well-developed - introduced digital map standards (DAT) • Urgent need for digital maps • 2003: Revision of the program – speed up important to continue, more financial support is needed 65,6 million EUR loan is used until the end of 2007 • Decision: digitizing the existing paper cadastral maps 2005: maps of rural areas, 2007: maps of urban areas • All cadastral maps of Hungary converted into digital form by December 31, 2007. 31
Revision of the National Cadastre Program • Too slow and expensive, not enough result - by the end of 2003: the maps of 80 settlements are ready - IT infrastructure of land offices is well-developed - introduced digital map standards (DAT) • Urgent need for digital maps • 2003: Revision of the program – speed up important to continue, more financial support is needed 65,6 million EUR loan is used until the end of 2007 • Decision: digitizing the existing paper cadastral maps 2005: maps of rural areas, 2007: maps of urban areas • All cadastral maps of Hungary converted into digital form by December 31, 2007. 32
Rural maps Maps of rural areas – shown in accordance to their projection
EOV HÉR HKR STR HDR VN No Rural Area
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Maps of urban areas Urban area maps – shown in accordance to their projection
EOV HDR HÉR HKR STR VN No data
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Maps of special rural areas Special rural area maps – shown in accordance to their projection
EOV EOV DAT HDR HÉR HKR STR VN No data
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Evaluation: Digitizing original paper maps Advantages: The most cost-effective way for making DAT maps (databases) This method were used as a composite method with new surveying The boundaries of a block of cadastral parcels were demarcated and surveyed, but the inner part of the block digitized This method can be used in the case of blocks, where changes of boundaries are not high Disadvantages: Conditions of original paper maps were sometimes very poor (distortions, pollutions, coffee etc.) Output of digitization is a spaghetti vector map, not an object-oriented database Original paper maps are legally valid, but sometimes do not reflect the real situation (e.g. land use) Transformation between different projections (and datum) could effect inconsistency between data. (5 different projection systems) 36
Problems with digitized old maps Conditions of original paper maps were sometimes very poor: distortions, Original paper maps are legally valid, but sometimes do not reflect the real situation, the real land use and the new buildings.
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Results New Surveying
Digitization
• 10 % (~ 1 million ha) of Hungary was surveyed
• The rest (90 %, ~ 8,3 million ha) was digitized
• Output: Object-oriented databases according to Digital Base Map Standard
• Output: Spaghetti Digital Cadastral Maps
• Costs: EUR 23,2 million
• Costs: EUR 34,5 million
Costs are highly different between rural and built-up areas of settlement
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Neto income from selling maps and digital data 2013 County Budapest Baranya Bács-Kiskun Békés Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Csongrád Fejér Győr-Moson-Sopron Hajdú-Bihar Heves Komárom-Esztergom Nógrád Pest Somogy Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Tolna Vas Veszprém Zala
Total
FÖMI Landoffice 50% 50% 8 728 8 728 89 89 5 076 5 076 960 960 1 310 1 310 0 0 86 86 204 204 655 655 0 0 16 16 125 125 2 2 792 792 402 402 76 76 60 60 323 323 428 428 118 118 19 450
19 450
100% 17 456 178 10 152 1 920 2 620 0 172 408 1 310 0 32 250 4 1 584 804 152 120 646 856 236 38 900
2014
NKP Landoffice 70% 30% 49 615 21 265 27 658 11 853 57 666 24 714 28 871 12 375 34 908 14 960 7 179 3 076 32 421 13 895 37 155 15 923 50 201 21 516 16 763 7 184 21 547 8 429 19 669 6 743 75 629 32 412 42 229 18 098 47 845 20 505 37 054 15 880 16 258 6 968 22 269 9 543 28 630 12 270 34 782 14 906 688 349
292 515
100% 70 880 39 511 82 380 41 246 49 868 10 255 46 316 53 078 71 717 23 947 29 976 26 412 108 041 60 327 68 350 52 934 23 226 31 812 40 900 49 688 980 864
3.26 m Euro
FÖMI Landoffice 50% 50% 10 363 10 363 73 73 32 32 1 085 1 085 1 036 1 036 0 0 90 90 309 309 933 933 0 0 4 4 212 212 1 1 873 873 346 346 186 186 169 169 522 522 332 332 47 47 16 613
16 613
100% 20 726 146 64 2 170 2 072 0 180 618 1 866 0 8 424 2 1 746 692 372 338 1 044 664 94 33 226
NKP Landoffice 70% 30% 59 204 24 654 26 501 11 357 76 628 32 840 28 462 12 196 31 851 13 650 29 043 12 447 34 525 14 796 44 675 19 146 53 321 22 682 22 194 9 512 21 171 9 073 17 926 7 684 76 110 32 618 41 743 17 890 51 785 22 194 42 389 18 167 15 394 6 600 20 105 8 617 27 690 11 874 41 452 17 765 762 169
100% 83 858 37 858 109 468 40 658 45 501 41 490 49 321 63 821 76 003 31 706 30 244 25 610 108 728 59 633 73 979 60 556 21 994 28 722 39 564 59 217
325 762 1 087 931
3.62 m Euro 39
Thank you for your kind attention!
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