DAFTAR PUSTAKA Agustin F. 1991. Penggunaan Lumpur Sawit Kering (Dried Palm Oil Sludge) dan Serat Sawit (Palm Press Fibre) dalam Ransum Pertumbuhan Sapi Perah. [tesis ]Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Studi Ilmu Ternak, Program Pascasarjana. Aritonang D. 1986. Perkebunan kelapa sawit, sumber pakan ternak di Indonesia. Journal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 4 : 93 - 103. [BPS] Biro Pusat Statistik Jakarta. 1999. Statistik Produksi Tanaman Padi di Indonesia. Departemen Pertanian Jakarta. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 1997. Departemen Pertanian Jakarta.
Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia.
Doyle PT, C.Devandra and GR. Pearce, 1986. Rice Straw as A Feed for Ruminants International Development Program of Australia Universities and College Canberra, Australia. Erikson KE and TK Kirk. 1985. Biopulping, biobleaching and treatmen of kraR bleaching effluents with white rot- fungi. In Cornperhen Biotech. ed. M. Moo Young. Perganon Press N. Y. 1985 : 271 - 294. Erikson KE and L Vallender. 1980. Biomechanical Pulping In : T.Kent Kirk, T Higuchi dan Hou Min Chang (Eds.), Lignin Biodegradation Microbiology, Chemistry and Potential Application I1 : 213-1 124. Cru Press Inc. Boca Ratan Florida USA. Fangel D and D. Wagener. 1984. Wood. Chemistry Ultra Structure Reaction. Walter De Grugter, Berlin. Fries VK. 1982. Effect of Processing of Nutrien Content of Feed : Alkali Treatment and Book of Nutritive Value of Proceesed Food. Vol. I1 Animal Feedstuff CRC Press. Gaman PM dan KB Sherrington, 1981. Pengantar Ilmu Pangan, Nutrisi dan Mikrobiologi. Edisi 2, Gadjah Mada University Press Yogyakarta Golovleva LA, AA. Leontievsky, OV Maltseva and Myasoedova. Ligninolytic enzyme of Fungus Pams fngrnus 8/18 : Biosynthetis purification and properties. Journal Biotechnology 30 : 71 - 77 Hardjo, Suhadi, Nastitiswi, Indrasti dan Tajuddin Baytacut. 1984. Biokonversi Pemanfaatan Limbah Industri Pertanian Depdikbud Dirjen Dikti PAU dan Gizi IPB, Bogor.
Hendriutomo HI. 1995. Efektivitas Jamur CULH (Colombian Unihntified LignopMic Hymenomycetes) dalam mendegradasi Lignosellulosa Kayu Albasia (Albmia aIfacatari (L) Fosberg pada berbagai sumber Nitrogen dan konsentrasi Mn yang dipersiapkan untuk proses Biopulp [tesis] Bandung, ITB, Program Pascasarjana. Houghton DR., RN.Smith and HOW. Eggins. 1987. Biodeteriration. Appl. Sci London and New York
~dition,Elsevier,
Jackson MG. 1978. Review Article : The alkali treatmen of straw. Animal Feea Sci. Tech. 2 : 105 - 124 Jones RJ, RP LeuFeuvre and MJ Playne. 1996. Losses of dry matter, nitrogen, minerals and fibre fraction fiom nylon bags containing Leucaenu leuacepala and two Calliandia species in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. and Tech. 37 : 297 - 307 Kennedy JF, GO Pilips and PA Williams. 1987, Wood and Celiulocic : Industrial Utilization, Biotechnology Sructure and Properties, Ellis H o m d , Ltd. Knapp SJ. 1985. Biodegradation of cellulose and lignin. In Cornperhen. Biotech. Ed. M. Moo Young Perganon press New York 4 : 92 - 844 Komar A. 1984. Teknologi Pengolahan Jerami sebagai Makanan Ternak. Yayasan Dian Grahitaa Indonesia. Bandung Leisola MSA. and Garcia. 1989. The Mechanism of Lignin Degradation Finnish Sugar. Co. Ltd. Research Centre. Kantvink. Finland Linberg JE. 1985. Estimation of rumen degradability of feed protein with the in sacco technique and in vitro various methods. Acta Agrrculture Scandinavia 25 : 64 - 67 Liyama K. 2000. Sruchual charactreistic of cell walls of forage grasses; Their nutritional evaluation for ruminant. Proceedmgs of Japanese Society for Rumen Metabolism and Physiology. Miyasaki Malekzadeh F, M Azim, M Shahamat and RR Corwel, 1993. Isolation and Identification on three Cellomonas spp. From Forest Soils. Word Journal of Microbiologi and Biotecnology, 9 : 69 - 93 Mayes Peter A, Daryl L Granner, Victor W Rodwell dan David W Martin JR. 1995. Biokimia. Edisi 22. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta Michalet-Doreau B. and MY Ould Bah. 1992. In vitro and in sacco methods for the estimation of dietary nitrogen degradability in the Rumen : A Review Animal Feed Sci.Tech.40: 57 - 88
Nolan JV,RA Leng and DI Demeyer. 1988. The roles of protozoa and fbngi in ruminant digestion. Proceeding of An International Seminar Helth at the University of New England, Armidale, Australia Orpin CG. 1984. The role of ciliata and hngi in the rumen digestion of plant cell walls. Anim.Feed Sci. Camb. 10 : 121 - 143 Orskov ER and Mc.Donald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen fiom incubation measurements weight according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 92 : 499 - 503 Piliang WG dan Soewondo Djoyosoebagio A1 Haj. 19991. Fisiologi Nutrisi. Pusat Antar Universitas PAU, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Vol. II Puls J and K. Pountanen. 198 1. Mechanism of Enzyme Hidrolosid of Hemiselulosa (xylan) and Procedure for Determination of the Enzyme Activities Involved. BFH Institut of Wood Chemystry Leuchnecster, Hamburg Ramli N. 1995. Studies enzymatic degradation of acidicic polysaccharide fiom fisuriurn sp M7-1. A thesis submited to the United Graduate School of Agriculture Science Ehime University Reiser JM Kalim, I Walter and A Fiecher. 1989. Structure and Expession of Lignin Peroxidase Ganes. Institut Fur Biotwhnologie, ETH Honggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland Roxas DB, BC Perez Jr and OM Gatmaitan. 1975. In vivo and in vitro digestion by cattle and carabaus of rice straw based ration. Phill. J .of Vet. And h i m . Sci. 1 : 49 - 65 Satoto KB. 1983. Penggunaan larutan alkali (NaOH) dan penambahan daun lamtoro Leucaena leucacepala untuk me~ngkatkannilai jerami padi hijauan makanan ternak sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dan Kerbau Rawa [disertasi] Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor ,Program Studi Ilmu Tern&, Program Pascasarjana Soetjiharto M. 1997. Isolasi jamur tanah pendegradasi lignoselulosa dan aplikasinya dalam memperbaiki nilai nutrisi pakan serat [slaipsi] Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor, Fakultas Peternakan Steel RGD dan JH Torrie. 19932. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Tejemahan. Grarnedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta Suryahadi dan WG Piliang. 1994. Manfaat biofermentasi pakan limbah lignoselulosa oleh jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) ditinjau berdasarkan bagian metabolisme dan dinamika mikroba rumen. Laporan Penelitian PAU, Ilmu Hayat, IPB. Bogor
Sutardi T. 1977. Ikhtisar Ruminologi. Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor
Dep. Ilmu Makanan Ternak, Fakultas
Wahyu J. 1995. Ilmu Nutrisi Perbandingan. Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung Winarno, F.G., 1980. Mikrobial Conversion of Lignosellulosa into Feed. Straw and Other Fibrious by Product as Feed Elsevier. Arnsterdam-Oxfor-New York.
Lampiran 1. Rataan Kadar ADF Bahan
59.18
Ulangan 3 4 59.19 59.17 59.20
55.31
51.70 45.93
41.64 40.98
235.56
47.112
59.91
57.38 58.31
58.46 60.00
294.06
58.812
57.98
57.89 58.15 58.12
58.09
290.23
290.23
PC
57.99
51.69 51.89 52.61
56.24
263.34
263.34
Ch
67.73
61.74
65.05
315.64
315.64
Jamur 1
Jerami padi
K
2
Jumlah
Rataan
59.21
295,95
59,190
5
PC Ch
Serabut sawit K
61.06 62.06
Jumlah
351.02 339.59 334.51 332.088 337.57
Rataan
58.503 56.598 55.752 55.348 56.262
Lampiran 2. Analisis Ragam Kadar ADF Sk DB JK
KT
F hitung
P>F
Bahan
t
63.4817
63.4817
7.32*
0.0124
Jamur
2
681.5876
340.7938
39.28**
0.0001
Bahanx Jamur
2
63.5327
3 1.7663
3.66
0.0410
Galat
24
208.2328
8.6764
Total
29
1016.8348
Keterangan : *Berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) * *Berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,0 1)
Lampiran 3. Rataan Kadar Selulosa Bahan Jerami padi
Jamur
Ulangan
Jumlah
Rataan
K
1 35.78
2 35.69
3 35.80
4 5 35.79 35.82
295,95
59,190
PC
30.74
26.31
23.89
22.60 20.09
235.56
47.112
Ch
34.30
29.87
31.01
29.72 32.08
294.06
58.812
31.83
31.86
31.85
31.88 31.79
290.23
58.046
PC
27.14
25.57
25.57
20.18 28.12
263.34
52.668
Ch
34.76
31.35
35.75
29.11 31.22
315.64
63.128
Serabut sawit K
Jumlah
194.55 180.65 183.87 167.28 179.12
Rataan
32.425 30.108 30.645 28.213 29.853
Lampiran 4. Analisis Ragam Kadar ADF Sk DB JK Bahan
1
4.4160
Jamur
2
427.878 1
Bahanx Jamur
2
Galat Total Keterangan :
KT 4.4160
F hitung
P>F
0.72
0.4048
213.9390
34.84**
0.0001
37.8595
18.9298
3.08
0.0643
24
147.391
6.1413
29
617.5455
* *Berpengaruh sangat nyata pada (p<0,01)
1
Lampiran 5. Rataan Kadar Lignin *
Bahan
Jamur
Jumlah
Rataan
5 9.28
178.88
35.776
6.93
6.89
123.63
24.726
8.77
7.32
7.13
156.98
31.396
22.65 22.70
22.73
22.67
22.69
159.21
31.842
PC
20.12 22.23
22.38
23.03
20.60
126.58
25.316
Ch
22.59 23.48
21.90
22.93
21.47
162.19
25.316
Jumlah
97.86 97.55
93.39
92.19
88.06
Rataan
16.310 16.258 15.656 15.365 14.677
Jerami padi
K
1 9.30
Ulangan 2 3 9.33 9.27
4 9.31
PC
12.18
9.59
8.34
Ch
11.02 10.22
Serabut sawit K
Lampiran 6. Andisis Ragam Kadar Lignin Sk DB JK
KT
F hitung
P>F
Bahan
1
1323.8835
1323.8835
792.78**
Jamur
2
2.9530
1.4765
0.88
0.4261
Bahan x Jamur
2
0.6461
0.3230
0.19
0.8254
Galat
24
40.0784
1.6699
Total
29
1367.5610
Keterangan :
* *Berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,0 1)
0.0001
Lampiran 7. Rataan Kecernaan Bahan Kering Inkubasi Jamur Bahan Jerami Padi
PC
Kontrol 0 3.02
48 2 36 0 12 11.00 15.63 15.47 16.76 6.87
Ch
24 0 48 12 36 12 24 15.32 20.68 27.41 16.38 13.43 34.91 26.42
36 48 31.54 22.83
-
Rataan
6.05
12.00 13.74 21.92 26.69
8.14
13.38
16.10 22.32
17.43
4.72
11.97 45.45
18.70 22.73
7.51
14.33
18.38 24.59
16.95
Serabut Sawit 2.01 2.53
I Rataan
16.51 17.47 20.69 19.23 6.16
16.10 7.63
23.90 27.64
13.49
.
18.70
19.91 23.63
37.35
27.52
16.06 27.41 25.02 34.44 25.09
12.72 9.53
13.36 10.85 3.77
6.17
9.03
10.09 10.85
17.79 8.20
14.71 14.89 6.97
7.41
7.42
13.75
14.04
6.79
8.23
11.92 13.28
1 2.27 1 17.87 121.81 122.30 121.87 1 10.56 1 15.25 1 8.86
Keterangan : K : Kontrol PC : Phanerocaeta crysosporium Ch : Colombia unidentfled lignophilic hymenomycetes
14.22 5.37
15.70
Lampiran 8. Rataan Kecernaan Bahan Organik Inkubasi 0 4.42
12 5.62
0 48 12.24 5.12
Jamur PC Ch 0 36 48 12 36 24 48 12 24 20.00 29.00 23.99 20.30 12.99 24.81 25.45 25.60 20.67
5.65
11.64 16.54 23.80 26.00 4.99
10.50 16.41 20.67 12.50 12.47 10.89 21.49 34.74 25.72
4.90
8.63
15.25 22.71 22.33
Bahan JeramiPadi Rataan
Serabutsawit 2.01 Rataan
Kontrol 2 36 8.52 9.77
12.53 16.78 19.24 5.05
16.51 17.47 20.69 16.10 7.63
12.73 17.85 23.50 19.37 30.17 23.19
12.72 9.53
13.36 10.85 3.77
6.17
9.03
10.09 10.85
13.49 17.79 8.20
2.53
19.23 26.16 23.70 27.64
14.71 17.59 6.98
7.41
7.42
13.75 15.70
2.00
19.26 21.37 22.19 22.47 10.56 15.25 8.861 14.03 14.22 4.27
6.97
7.28
11.70 13.30
Keterangan : K
Kontrol Phat2erocaeta crysosprium Ch : Colombia unidentijied Iignophilic hymenomycetes
PC
: :
Lampiran 9. Analisis Ragam Kecernaan Bahan Kering KT Sk DB JK
F hitung
P>F
Bahan
1
102.73099
102.73099
20.16
0.0041
Jamur
2
16.60360
8.30180
1.63
0.2721
Bahan x Jamur
2
30.56857
95.91869
18.83**
0.0026
Galat
6
341.74055
5.09476
Total
11
Keterangan :
* *Berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,0 1)
Lampiran 10. Analisis Ragam K e ~ e ~ a a 'ahan n Organik Sk DB JK KT 1
Bahan Jamur
I
Bahan x Jamur
Total
84.69837
1 2
1
179.93633
2
I I
l1
10.17172
1351.760 8 I
Keterangah : *Berpengaruh nyata (p
F hitung
P>F
Larnpiran 11. Hasil Perhitungan Nilai qb, , ' R dm r Bahan Kering Berdasarkan Persamaan Pt = Po (e 4, A
b
R~
r
Bahan
Jamur
Jerarni padi
K
10.0947
7.5067
0.2067
0.4547
PC
11.7449
10.1737
0.2426
0.4925
Ch
19.7432
9.2892
0.1215
0.3485
K
11.9279
15.2429
0.1727
0.4155
PC
101967
2.1018
0.1 144
1.3383
Ch
9.9288
0.5574
0.002 1
0.0461
Serabut sawit
Lampiran 12. Hasil Pethitungan Nilai a,b, , 'R dan r Bahan Organik Berdasarkan Persamaan Pt = Po (e 4,
b
R~
r
Bahan
Jamur
Jerarni padi
K
3.6935
11.9870
0.9409
0.9699
PC
4.9743
25.5187
0.9657
0.9827
Ch
16.5194
16.8750
0.5818
0.7629
K
4.384
35.5216
0.9441
0.9716
PC
7.7205
11.9255
0.6643
0.8150
Ch
7.8181
2.6501
0.0276
0.1662
Serabut sawit
a
