DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adiratma, E.R. (2004). Stop Tanam Padi ?. Memikirkan Kondisi Petani Padi Indonesia dan Upaya Meningkatkan Kesejahteraannya. Penebar Swadaya, Bogor. Andre FH, Uhart SH, Frugone MI. 1993. Intercepted Radiation at Flowering and Kernel Number in Maize: Shade versus Plant Density Effects. Crop Sci 33: 482-485. Arsyad, S. (1983). Pengawetan Tanah dan Air. Departemen Ilmu-ilmu Tanah. Fakultas Pertanian IPB Bogor. 215 p. Asadi D, Arsyad M, Zahara H, Darmijati. 1997. Pemuliaan Kedelai untuk Toleran Naungan dan Tumpangsari. Buletin Agrobio. Vol. 1. No. 2. Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan. Bogor.hal:15-20 Badan Pusat Statistik. (2003). Statistik Indonesia, Jakarta. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2004). Statistik Indonesia, Jakarta Baharsjah, Justika. (1983). Sumberdaya Tanaman untuk Memanfaatakan Keadaan Iklim Secara Efisien. Rapat Teknis Klimatologi Pertanian. Direktorat Perlindungan Tanaman, Departemen Pertanian. 29 p. Bambang, S.,Daradjad, A.A., Satoto, Widiarta, I.N., Setyono, A., Indrasari, A., Lesmana, O.S. dan Has. (2009). Deskripsi Varietas Padi. Balai Besar Penelitian Padi. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Departemen Pertanian. Sukamandi. Biro Pusat Statistik. (2004). Sumatra Utara Dalam Angka 2004, Medan. Blevins, R.L. D. Cook, S.H. Philip, And R.E. Philips. (1971). Influence of No-Tillage on Soil Moisture. Agronomy Journal 63: 593-596. Boerhendhy, I dan D.S. Agustina. (2006). Potensi Pemanfaatan Kayu Karet untuk Mendukung Peremajaan Perkebunan Karet. Balai Penelitian Sembawa, Pusat Penelitian Karet, Palembang. Buckman, H.O. dan N.C. Brady. (1982). Ilmu Tanah (Terjemahan). Penerbit Bhratara Karya Aksara, Jakarta. Caiger S. 1986. Effect of Shade on Yield of Taro Cultivars in Tuvalu. Agric. Bulletin 11(2):66-68. CIAT. (1984). Upland Rice in Latin America. An Overview of Upland Rice Research. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. p. 93-119. Chairil. (2004). Indonesia Kekurangan Bibit Karet Okulasi. Kompas, 22 Desember 2004, Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Chang, Te-Tzu and S.K. De Datta. (1975). Agronomic Traits Needed in Upland Rice Varieties Major Research in Upland Rice. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. Chaturvedi GS, Ram PC, Singh AK, Ram P, Ingram KT, Singh BB, Singh RK, Singh VK. (1994). Carbohydrate Status of Rainfed Lowland Rice in Relation to Submergence, Drought and Shade Tolerance. In Proceeding: Physiology of Stress Tolerance in Rice. Los Banos: IRRI Philippines. hal:104-122. Chozin, M.A., D. Sopandie, S. Sastrosumarjo dan Suwarno. (2000). Physiology and genetic of upland rice adaptation to shade. Final Report of Graduate Team Research Grant, URGE Project. Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education and Culture. Chowdury PK, Thangaraj M, and Jayapragasam. 1994. Biochemical Changes in Low Irradiance Tolerant and Succeptible Rice Cultivars. Biol. Plantarum. 36(2): 237-242. Cruz P. 1997. Effect of Shade on the Growth and Mineral Nutrition of C4 Perennial Grass Under Field Conditions. Plant and Soil 188:227-237 Damanik, S.J. (1989). Pertumbuhan Padi Gogo pada berbagai Perlakuan Agronomis. Disertasi IPB, Bogor. De Datta, S.K. (1975). Upland Rice around The World. Major Research in Upland Rice. IRRI Los Banos, Phlippines. p. 2-11. De Datta, S.K. and B.S. Vergara. (1975). Climates of Upland Rice Regions. Major Research in Upland Rice. IRRI Los Banos, Phlippines. p. 14-26. De Datta, S.K. (1981). A Weed Control in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. Weeds and Weed Control in Asia. FFTC Book Series No. 20: 1-24. De Datta, S.K., and M.A. Liages (1983). Prospect for Reduced Tillage Techniques in Rice and Rice-Based Cropping System. Proceeding Symposium on Weed Control in Cropping System. Asian Pasific Weed Science Society. De Datta, S.K., (1984). Crop Establishment Techniques and Cultural Practices for Upland Rice. An Overview of Upland Rice Research. IRRI Los Banos, Phlippines. p.357-378. De Datta, S.K., and M.A. Liages (1984). Weed Problems and Weed Control in Upland Rice in Tropical Asia. An Overview of Upland Rice Research. IRRI Los Banos, Phlippines. p. 321-341. Departemen Pertanian. (2006). Rencana Revitalisasi Perkebunan (Kelapa Sawit, Karet, Kakao) Tahun 2006 – 2010. Jakkarta. Didiek. (2004). Mendesak, Peremajaan Tanaman Karet. Kompas 14 Desembar 2004, Jakarta. Delvian. (2005). Pengaruh Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Naungan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanii BL.). Agrisol Journal
169
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian No.1 Vol. 4, Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan. Doorenbos, J. and W.O. Pruitt. (1977). Guidelines for Predicting Crop Water Requirements, Revised Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nation, Rome. Fitter, A.H. and Hay, R. K.( 1981). Environmental Physology of Plant Physiology. Academic Press. Inc. Forest, F and F.N. Reyners., J.M. Klams. (1984). Influence of Rainfall Regime on Upland Rice Production : Water Demand Simulation. An Overview of Upland Rice Research. IRRI Los Banos, Phlippines. p. 143-160. Forest, F and F.N. Reyners. (1985). Proposals for Classification of Agroclimatic Situations of Upland Rice in Terms of Water balance. Proceeding of The Second International Upland Rice Conference, Jakarta. Gardener, F.P., R.B. Pearce and R.L. Mitchell. (1985). Physiology of Crop Plant. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa State University Press, Ames. Garrity, D.P. (1984). Asian Upland Rice Enviroments. An Overview of Upland Rice . IRRI Los Banos, Phlippines. p. 143-160.. Ghildyal, B. P. and V.S. Tomar. (1982). Soil Physical Properties that Affect Rice Root Systems under Drought Resistence in Crops with Emphasis on Rice. IRRI Los Banos, Phlippines. p. 83-96. Gomez, K.A. dan A.A. Gomez. (1995). Prosedour Statistik untuk Penelitian Pertanian (Terjemahan). Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UI-Press), Jakarta. Hairiah, K. dan Rahayu, S. (2007). Pengukuran Karbon Tersimpan di Berbagai Macam Penggunaan Lahan. World Agroforestry Centre, Bogor. Hale, M. G. and D.M. Orcutt. (1987). The Physiology of Plants under Stress. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 206p. Harahap, Z., dan E. Lubis. (1995). Pengembangan Padi Gogo sbagai Tanaman Sela di Daerah Perkebunan. Pelatihan Taknis PGUVB Kepala UPP-BLN dan Asisiten PTP Pada Proyek-proyek Ditjenbun, Cipayung Bogor. Hardjowigeno, S. (1986). Ilmu Tanah. Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian IPB, Bogr Hayes, W.A. (1982). Minimum Tillage Farming. No-till Farmer Inc. Brookfield, Wisconsin. 163 p. IITA. (1984). Upland Rice in Africa. An Overview of Upland Rice. IRRI, Los Banos Philippines. Irawan, B., S. Priyanto, A. Supriyanto, I.S. Anugrah, N.A. Kirom, B. Rahmanto dan Wiryono. (2001). Perumusan Model Kelembagaan Konversi Lahan Kering. Pusat Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, Jakarta.
170
Universitas Sumatera Utara
IRRI. (1984). Upland Rice in Asia. An Overview Upland Rice Research. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. p. 45-68. Jiao, D.M., H.Y. Tong, and J.X. Zhang. (1993). Identification of photosynthetic characteristics adapted to wide range of light intensities in rice varieties. Chinese J. Rice Sci. 7(4):243-246. Jones MM, Turner MC, Osmnond CB. (1981). Mechanisms of drought resistance. Di dalarn : Paleg L G, Aspinall D. The physiology and biochemistry of drought resistance in plants. New York. Academic Press: hlm 15-53. Jones, P.G. dan D..P. Garrity. (1985). Toward A Classification Sytem for Upland Rice Growing Enironment. Proceeding of The Second Internationalo Upland Rice Conference . Jakarta, Indonesia. 13 p. Kasasian, L. (1972). Weed competititon. Firs Weed Science Trainning Course. Regional Center or for Tropical Biologi. Bogor, Indonesia. Klams, J.M. and J. Imbrenon. (1984). Patterns of Water Supply in Upland Rice in Bouake, Ivory Coast. An Overview of Upland Rice Research, Los Bano, Philippines. p. 185-195. Kolhe, S.S., and B.N. Mittra. (1981). Weed Control in Direct Seeded Upland Rice. Proc. 8th Asian Pcific Weed Science Society Conferenca, Banglore, India. P. 67-72. Kramer, J.P. (1969). Plant and Soil Water Relationships A Moden Synthesis, New York. Lamid, Z. (1984). Critical Period of Copetition Between Dryland and Weed. Penelitin Pertanian, 4(e) : 113 -115. Larcher, W. (1975). Physiological Plant Ecologi. Springer Verlag., Berlin Heidelberg, New York. 251 p. Las, I. (1983). Efisiensi Radiasi Matahari dan Pengrauh Naungan Fisik terhadap Padi Gogo. Pulitbangtan, 3(1) : 30-35. Lawson, T.L (1984). Climate of Upland Rice in Africa. An Overview of Upland Rice Research. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. p. 229-246. Lubis, E., Z. Harahap, M.Diredja dan B. Kustianto. (1993). Perbaikan Varietas Padi Gogo. Dalam M. Syam, Hermanto, A. Musaddad dan Sunihardi (Eds.), hal. 437-447. Kinerja Penelitian Tanaman Pangan. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, Badan Litbang Pertanian. Marschner H. (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plant. 2nd. Academic Press Harcourt Brace and Company Pubhlisers. London. San Diego. New York. Boston, Sydney. Tokyo. Toronto. P. 889. Maurya, D.M. and C.P. Vaish. (1984). Upland Rice in India. An Overview of Upland Rice Research. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. p. 69-1196. Moenandir, J. (1993). Ilmu Gulma Dalam Sistem Pertanian. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
171
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Moenandir, J. (2004). Prinsip-prinsip Utama Cara Menyukseskan Produksi Pertanian :Dasar-dasar Budidaya Pertanian. Fakultas Pertanian Univesitas Brawijaya, Malang. Mori, S. (1986). “Effect of Organic Matter Application of Food Quality” In : New Perspectives in Organic Research. Japanese Society of Soil Sci. and Plant Nutrition. Mohr H, Schopfer P. (1995). Plant Physiology. Translated by Gudrun and D.W. Lawlor. Springer. Murty K.S., S.K. Dey, P. Swain, and M.J. Baig. (1992). Low light adapted restorers of different maturity durations for hybrid rice breeding. Int. Rice Res. Newsletter. 17(6):6-7. Noor, M. (1996). Padi Lahan Marjinal. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta. Nurhayati AP, Lontoh, Koswara J. 1985. Pengaruh Intensitas dan Saat Pemberian Naungan terhadap Produksi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamp.). Bul. Agr 16:28-38. Okada, K., I. Yasunori, S. Kazuhiko, M. Tadahiko and K. Sakae. 1992. Effect of light on degradation of chlorophyll and proteins during senescence of detaches rice leaves. Plant Cell Physiol. 33(8):1183-1191. Oldeman, L.R. (1975). An Agroclimate Map of Java. Contr central Res. Inst. For Agric. Bogor. 17 : 1-2. Oldeman, L.R. and D. Suardi. (1977). Climatic Deteminants in Relation to Cropping Patterns. Cropping System Research and Development for the Asia Rice Farmer. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. p. 69-1196. Oldeman, L.R and I. Las. (1977). Some Quantitive Reltionships Clomatics Variable in Relation to the Physical Enviroment. Laporan Kemajuan Penelitian, Seri Fisiologi, No. 2 LPPP, Bogor Oldeman, L.R (1984). Upland rice growing environment. Method for characterization and zonation in Asia. An Overview of Upland Rice Research. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. p. 247-274. Oldeman, L.R and T. Woodhead. (1985). Physical Aspects of Upland Rice Environment (An. Introductory Statement). Proceeding of the Second Internarional Upland Rice Conference, Jakarta, 3p. Partohardjono, P dan Makmur,A. 1993. Peningkatan produksi padi gogo. Balittan – IPB Bogor. Pertohardjono, S and R. Damanhuri. (1983). Varietal Choice and Crop Management of Upland Rice in Rainfed Areas. Proceeing Workshop on Impact of Cropping System Research. CRIFC, Bogor, Indonesia. Pertohardjono, S. and McIntos. (1985). Agronomic Management of Upland Rice in Aacid Siols. Proceeding of the Second International Upland Rice Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia. 41 p.
172
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Prasetyo, Y.T. (2003). Bertanam Padi Gogo Tanpa Olah Tanah. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarata. Rosmarkam, A. dan N.W. Yuwono. (2002). Ilmu Kesuburan Tanah. Penerbit Kanisius, Yokyakarta. Sahardi. (2000). Seleksi Plasmanutfah dan Karakter Morfologi dan Pola Pewarisan Sifat Toleransi Terhadap Naungan pada Padi Gogo. Disertasi Doktor. Program Pascasarjana, IPB Bogor. Sanchez P.A. (1992). Sifat dan Pengelolaan Tanah Tropika (Terjemahan). Penerbit ITB, Bandung. Santoso, M. (1984). Stasiun Meterologi Pertanian dan Beberapa Cara Pengolahan Data Iklim. Fakultas kehutanan IPB, Bogor. Schiler, J.M. and P. Indhaphun. (1979). Weed Control Studies in Direct-Seeded Upland Rice Pproced. 7th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conf. Sidney, Australia. P. 271-176. Sharma, H.C., H.B. Singh, and G.H. Friesen. (1977). Competition From Weeds and Their Control in Direct-Seeded Rice. Weed research 17 92) : 103-108. Sitaniapessy, P.M. (1982). Pengaruh Iklim dan Cuaca terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman. Jurusan Agrometeorologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika IPB, Bogor. Sitompul, M.S. dan B. Guritno. (1995). Analisis Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Gajah Mada University Press, Yokyakarta. Slatyer, RD. (1969). Physiological Significance of internal Water Relation to Crop Yield. In J.D. Eastin et al ed Physiological Aspect of Yield Am. Soc. Agrom Madison, Wisconsin. p. 53-83. Smith, R.J.J.R. (1968). Weed Competition in Rice. Weed Sci. 16 : 252-255. Soejitno dan D. Killin (1995). Hama Padi Gogo dan Acara Pengndaliannya. Pelatihan Teknis PGUVB Kepala UUP-NBLN dan Asisten PTP pada Pproyek Ditjenbun., Cipayung, Bogor 23-24 MRT 1995. Soepardi G. (1983). Sifat dan Ciri Tanh, IPB, Bogor. 591 p. Sopandie, D. M. A Chozin, S. Sastrosumarjo, Suwarno, A.P. Lontoh and T. Takano. (1999). Upland rice tolerance to shade: Field screening and preliminary study on physiological mechanisms. Proceeding of International Plant Breeding Symposium. Okayama, September 25-26, Japan. Sopandie, D., M.A Chozin, N. Khumaida and T. Takano. (2001a). Differential shading tolerance of upland rice genotypes related to morphological responses, Rubisco activity and its gene expression. Breeding Sci. (Submitted). Sopandie, D. M. A Chozin, S. Sastrosumarjo, Suwarno, A.P. Lontoh and T. Takano. (1999). Upland rice tolerance to shade: Field screening and preliminary study on physiological mechanisms. Proceeding of International Plant Breeding Symposium. Okayama, September 25-26, Japan.
173
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Sopandie, D., M.A Chozin, N. Khumaida and T. Takano. (2001a). Differential shading tolerance of upland rice genotypes related to morphological responses, Rubisco activity and its gene expression. Breeding Sci. (Submitted). Sopandie D, Chozin MA, Sastrosumarjo S, Juhaeti T, dan Sahardi. 2003. Toleransi Padi Gogo terhadap Naungan. Hayati. 10(2): 71-75. Steinway, K., M. Kamala, M. S. Hade, and A. Karate. (2003). Yield Quality and Production of Different Upland Rice Genotypes under Shade Condition of 4 Year Old of Rubber Tree as Applied by Cytokine. Journal Agrotropika Vol. 8, , Lampung. Stensel J.W.C.N., Bollich J.R., Theysell, and V.L Hall. (1965). The Influence of Light Intensity and Nitrogen fertility on Rice Yield Componrents. Rice J. 68 (4): 34-39. Suhardi. (1983). Dasar-dasar Bercocok Tanam. Penerbit Kanisius, Yokyakarta. Sulistyono, E., D. Sopandie, M.A. Chozin dan Suwarno. (1999). Adaptasi padi gogo terhadap naungan: Pendekatan morfologi dan fisiologi. Communicationes agriculturae (COMM AG) Vol. 4(2): 62-68. Supijatno. (2003). Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Gentik Padi Gogo untuk Lahan Kering di Bawah Naungan. Makalah, Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB Bogor. Supriyono B, Chozin MA, Sopandie D, dan Darusman LK. 2000. Perimbangan PatiSukrosa dan Aktivitas Enzim Sukrosa Fosfat Sintase pada Padi Gogo yang Toleran dan Peka terhadap Naungan. Hayati. 7(2):31-34. Sutanto, R. (2002). Pertanian Organik : Menuju Pertanian Alternatif Berkelanjutan. Penerbit Kanisius, Yoyakarta. Taiz L and Zeiger E. 1991. Plant Physiology. Tokyo. The Benyamin/Cumming Publishing Company Inc. p: 219-247. Titiek, S dan Utomo, W.H., (1995). Hubungan Tanah, Air dan Tanaman. IKIP Semarang Press, Semarang Watanabe, N., C. Fujii, M. Shirota, and Y. Furuta. (1993). Changes in chlorophyll, thylakoid proteins and photosynthetic adaptation to sun and shade environments in diploid and tetraploid Oryza punctuata Kotschy and diploid Oryza eichingeri Peter. Plant Physiol. Biochem. Paris. 31(4):469-474. Wirawati T, B. S. Purwoko, D. Sopandie, I.Hanarida. 2002. Studi Fisiologi Adaptasi Talas terhadap Kondisi Naungan. Seminar Program Pasca Sarjana. Program Yeo M.E., A.R. Yeo, and T.J. Flowers. (1994). Photosynthesis and photorespiration in the genus oryza. J. Exp. Bot. 45 (274):553-560. Yitnosumarto, S. (1991). Percobaan : Perancangan, Analisis, dan Interpretasinya. Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
174
Universitas Sumatera Utara