ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini meneliti dinamika resiliensi pada wanita dewasa awal yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS dari suaminya di klinik X Bandung. Acuan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori resiliensi dari Bonnie Benard, teori tentang perkembangan dewasa awal dan HIV/AIDS. Teknik penarikan sampel adalah menggunakan metode purposive sampling yaitu sampel yang dipilih mengikuti suatu kriteria tertentu. Rancangan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode studi kasus yaitu menggali setiap kasus secara mendalam tanpa menghilangkan keunikan dari setiap kasus. Penelitian dilakukan dalam situasi alamiah dan peneliti melakukan kontak langsung dengan responden. Jumlah subyek penelitian yang digunakan adalah 2 orang, dengan rentang usia antara 20-40 tahun. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan mengunakan metode wawancara yang berpedoman pada teori resiliensi Bonnie Benard. Validitas dan reliabilitas diukur dengan menggunakan interrater validity atau expert validity. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan descriptive analysis dan coding analysis. Didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kedua subyek penelitian memiliki dinamika resiliensi yang berbeda. Selain itu protective factors (caring relationships, opportunities for participations and contribution, high expectation) sangat berperan pada dinamika resiliensi yang dimiliki oleh subyek. Besarnya protective factors yang diperoleh kedua subyek dari keluarga dan teman-teman membuat mereka mampu untuk mengatasi risk factors (tingkat pendidikan formal, status sosial ekonomi, lingkungan sekitar subyek) yang mereka hadapi. Peneliti juga mengajukan saran agar melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan karakteristik sampel yang lebih spesifik lagi seperti memasukkan kriteria kelas sosial, tingkat pendidikan dan jenis kelamin agar dapat lebih menjaring faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap dinamika resiliensi seseorang.
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ABSTRACT
This study is learning about resiliency dynamic of a young adult women who are infected by HIV/AIDS from their husband at X clinic, Bandung. The theory used is Regard to theory of resilience by Bonnie Benard, the young adult developing theory, and HIV/AIDS. We used purposive sampling method for the sampling technique, where sample is chosen by following some specific criteria. The study is conducted by using case study method, which excavate each case in-depth without omitting the uniqueness of each case. Study was done in a natural situation and researcher performs a direct contact with respondent. The subject of the study is two respondents, age 20-40 years old. The measuring instrument used in the study is interview method which is oriented to Bonnie Benard theory of resiliency. The validity and reliability measured turn to interrater validity or expert validity. Data analysis technique applied in the study is descriptive analysis and coding analysis. We found that both subjects have a different resilience dynamic. Besides, the protective factors (caring relationships, opportunities for participations and contribution, high expectation) play an excessive role in the residency dynamic hold by subject. The amount of protective factors obtained by both subjects from their family and friends make them be able to overcome the risk factors (formal education degree, economic social status, subject neighborhood) they deal with. A more specific subject characteristic is suggested for the next study, such as including social class criteria, education degree, and gender to get the factor that effected individual resilience dynamic.
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DAFTAR ISI Lembaran Judul Lembar Pengesahan........................................................................................................i Abstrak...........................................................................................................................ii Abstact..........................................................................................................................iii Kata Pengantar ............................................................................................................iv Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................................vii Daftar Bagan................................................................................................................xi Daftar Lampiran .........................................................................................................xii BAB I
PENDAHULUAN..................................................................................... 1
1.1
Latar Belakang Masalah.............................................................................1
1.2
Identifikasi Masalah.................................................................................19
1.3
Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian.................................................................20 1.3.1 Maksud Penelitian...........................................................................20 1.3.2 Tujuan penelitian.............................................................................20
1.4
Kegunaan Penelitian.................................................................................20 1.4.1Kegunaan Teoritis............................................................................20 1.4.2 Kegunaan Praktis.............................................................................21
1.5
Kerangka Pikir..........................................................................................21
1.6
Asumsi......................................................................................................34
BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...........................................................................35
2.1. Resiliensi...................................................................................................35
2.1.1 Empat kategori atau manifestasi Resiliensi................................36 2.1.2 Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Resiliensi.............................45 iv
2.2
2.3
2.1.2.1
Risk Factors................................................................45
2.1.2.2
Protective factors.......................................................46
Perkawinan dan Perkembangan Keluarga.......................................47 2.2.1
Perkawinan...........................................................................47
2.2.2
Keluarga.................................................................................48
2.2.3
Tugas Perkembangan Keluarga............................................48
2.2.4
Pengertian Kepuasan perkawinan..........................................50
2.2.5
Area-area Dalam Perkawinan.................................................52
Tinjauan Umum HIV/AIDS..............................................................57 2.3.1. Pengertian HIV/AIDS...........................................................57 2.3.2. Penularan HIV /AIDS...........................................................57 2.3.3. Fase-fase penyakit HIV/AIDS.............................................59 2.3.4. Dampak HIV/AIDS pada penderita di masyarakat............60
2.4
BAB III
DEWASA AWAL.............................................................................61 2.4.1
Definisi dewasa awal............................................................61
2.4.2
Perkembangan Fisik Dewasa awal......................................62
2.4.3
Perkembangan Kognitif Dewasa Awal................................63
2.4.4
Perkembangan Sosio-emosional Dewasa Awal..................63
2.4.5
Agama Pada Masa Dewasa................................................64
METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................66
3.1
Rancangan Dan Prosedur Penelitian Penelitian.......................................66
3.2
Prosedur Penelitian...................................................................................66
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3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6 BAB IV
Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Oprasional............................................67 3.3.1.
Variabel Penelitian................................................................67
3.3.2.
Definisi Oprasional...............................................................67
Alat Ukur.................................................................................................72 3.4.1.
Alat Ukur Resiliensi..............................................................72
3.4.2.
Wawancara............................................................................72
3.4.3
Data Pribadi Dan Data Penunjang........................................74
3.3.4
Validitas dan Reliabilitas Alat Ukur.................................76
Populasi Sasaran dan Teknik Pengambilan Sampel.................................76 3.5.1
Populasi Sasaran...................................................................76
3.5.2
Karateristik Populasi ............................................................76
3.5.3
Teknik Penarikan Sampel.....................................................77
Teknik Analisis Data ...............................................................................77
HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN........................79
4.1
Hasil Penelitian.....................................................................................79
4.2
Kasus I....................................................................................................79 4.2.1 Identitas Subyek I.......................................................................79 4.2.2 Status Praesens...........................................................................80 4.2.3 Anamnesa...................................................................................81 4.2.4 Pengolahan data kasus I.............................................................97 4.2.4.1 Resiliensi ...........................................................................97 4.2.4.2 Protective Factors.............................................................128 4.2.4.3 Risk Factors....................................................................132
4.3
Kasus II..............................................................................................134 vi
4.3.1 Identitas Subyek II....................................................................134 4.2.2 Status Praesens.........................................................................135 4.2.3 Anamnesa.................................................................................136 4.2.4 Pengolahan data kasus II..........................................................159 4.2.4.1 Resiliensi .......................................................................159 4.2.4.2 Protective Factors..........................................................181 4.2.4.2 Risk Factors...................................................................186 4.4 Pembahasan Kasus...............................................................................190 4.4.1 Pembahasan Kasus I....................................................................190 4.4.2 Pembahasan Kasus II..................................................................203 4.5 Pembahasan Gabungan.........................................................................215 BAB V
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN..........................................................227
5.1 Kesimpulan...........................................................................................227 5.2 Saran.....................................................................................................230 5.2.1 Saran Penelitian Lanjutan.........................................................230 5.2.2 Saran Praktis.............................................................................230 Daftar Pustaka......................................................................................................231 Daftar Rujukan.....................................................................................................232
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DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 1.1 Kerangka Pikir.....................................................................................33 Bagan 3.1 Prosedur penelitian..............................................................................59
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Kerangka Wawancara Resiliensi...................................................L.1-1 Lampiran 2 Data Pribadi...................................................................................L.2-1 Lampiran 3 Verbatim hasil wawancara suyek I................................................L.3-1 Lampiran 4 Verbatim hasil wawancara suyek II...............................................L.4-1 Lampiran 5 Verbatim hasil wawancara suyek III............................................ L.5-1 Lampiran 6 LOC (Letter Of Concernt).............................................................L.6-1 Lampiran 7 Lampiran Surat izin pengambilan data di klinik X........................L.7-1 Lampiran 8 Penjelasan mengenai klinik X.......................................................L.8-1
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