DAFTAR ISI Halaman LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. i MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ................................................................... ii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ......................................................... iii KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iv UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH............................................................................. v ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... xi DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xvii DAFTAR GRAFIK .......................................................................................... xx DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xxi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xxii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................. .1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................ .1 B. Identifikasi Masalah ...................................................................................... 10 C. Batasan dan Perumusan Masalah………………………………………...…11 D. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 13 E. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 14 F. Definisi Oprasional…………………………………………………………16 1. Penerapan ...................................................................................................... 16 2. Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) ........................................................ 16 3. Meningkatkan ................................................................................................ 17
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4. Kreativitas ..................................................................................................... 17 5. Hasil Belajar .................................................................................................. 18 BAB II KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................. 20 A. Kajian Teori ................................................................................................... 20 1. Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning............................................. 20 a. Pengertian Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning .......................... 20 b. Ciri-Ciri Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning .............................. 21 c. Tujuan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning ................................ 22 d. Faktor yang Perlu Diperhatikan dalam Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning ............................................................................... 23 e. Karakteristik Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning ....................... 24 f. Sintak Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning ................................. 27 g. Langkah-langkah Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning................ 29 h. Keunggulan dan Kelemahan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) ............................................................................................................ 31 i. Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning dalam Membina Kreativitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa ....................................................................................... 33 2. Kreativitas ..................................................................................................... 37 a. Pengertian Kreativitas ................................................................................... 37 b. Ciri-ciri Kreativitas........................................................................................ 38 c. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kreativitas ........................................................ 42 d. Faktor yang Menghambat Kreativitas ........................................................... 43 3. Hasil Belajar .................................................................................................. 44
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a. Pengertian Hasil Belajar ................................................................................ 44 b. Tujuan Penilaian Hasil Belajar ...................................................................... 46 c. Jenis Penilaian Hasil Belajar ......................................................................... 47 B. Hasil Penelitian Terdahulu ............................................................................ 49 C. Kerangka Pemikiran ...................................................................................... 51 D. Asumsi dan Hipotesis .................................................................................... 53 1. Asumsi ........................................................................................................... 53 2. Hipotesis ........................................................................................................ 54 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................. 55 A. Metode Penelitian......................................................................................... 55 B. Desain Penelitian .......................................................................................... 56 1. Desain PTK .................................................................................................. 56 2. Alur Siklus PTK ........................................................................................... 61 C. Setting Penelitian ......................................................................................... 68 1. Keadaan Tempat........................................................................................... 68 2. Sarana dan Prasarana Sekolah ...................................................................... 69 3. Keadaan Guru............................................................................................... 70 4. Keadaan Siswa ............................................................................................. 71 5. Waktu penelitian .......................................................................................... 71 D. Subjek dan Objek Penelitian ........................................................................ 72 E. Oprasionalisasi Variabel .............................................................................. 74 F. Rancangan Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 76 1.
Wawancara .................................................................................................. 77
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2.
Lembar Observasi ....................................................................................... 77
3.
Lembar Kerja Siswa .................................................................................... 78
4.
Dokumentasi ............................................................................................... 78
G. Pengembangan Instrumen ............................................................................ 79 1.
Lembar Kerja Siswa .................................................................................... 79
2.
Lembar Observasi ....................................................................................... 80
3.
Lembar Wawancara Guru ........................................................................... 84
4.
Penilaian Kreativitas Siswa ......................................................................... 85
5.
Penilaian Psikomotorik ............................................................................... 85
H. Rancangan Analisis Data ............................................................................. 86 1. Pengolahan Lembar Observasi ..................................................................... 86 2. Pengolahan Lembar Tes (postes) ................................................................. 88 3. Penilaian Krativitas ...................................................................................... 90 4. Penilaian Psikomotorik ................................................................................ 92 I. Indikator Keberhasilan ................................................................................. 93 1.
Indikator Proses .......................................................................................... 93
2.
Indikator Kreativitas ................................................................................... 94
3.
Indikator Hasil Belajar ................................................................................ 94
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................ 96 A. Subjek dan Objek Penelitian ......................................................................... 96 1. Subjek Penelitian ........................................................................................... 96 2. Objek Penelitian ............................................................................................ 97 B. Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan Penelitian ................................................. 100
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1. Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................................. 100 a. Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Pada Siklus I ...................................................... 101 1) Penyusunan Perencanaan Siklus 1 ................................................................ 101 2) Pelaksanaan Tindakan ................................................................................... 102 a) Pertemuan Pertama Siklus I .................................................................... 103 b) Pertemuan Kedua Siklus I ....................................................................... 110 3) Pengamatan (observing) ............................................................................... 117 a) Penilaian Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus I…………………117 b) Observasi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus I……………………..........120 c) Data Hasil Penilaian Kreativitas Siklus I………………………………..125 d) Data Hasil Penilaian Keterampilan Siklus I…………………………......127 e) Data Hasil Belajar Siklus I………………………………………………129 f) Data Hasil Penilaian Kelompok Siklus I……………………………..….130 4) Refleksi .......................................................................................................... .132 a) Refleksi Hasil Data RPP Siklus I…………………….............................132 b) Refleksi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus I……………………............132 c) Refleksi Hasil Penilaian Kreativitas Siklus I…………………………...133 d) Refleksi Hasil Belajar Siklus I………………………………….………133 b. Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Pada Siklus II ..................................................... .134 1) Penyusunan Perencanaan Siklus II .......................................................... .134 2) Pelaksanaan Tindakan ............................................................................. .135 a) Pertemuan Pertama Siklus II .................................................................. .136 b) Pertemuan Kedua Siklus II ..................................................................... .142
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3) Pengamatan (observing) ............................................................................... .150 a) Penilaian Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II..………….…....150 b) Observasi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II….………………............153 c) Data Hasil Penilaian Kreativitas Siklus II…..…………………….……..158 d) Data Hasil Penilaian Keterampilan Siklus II….………….………….......161 e) Data Hasil Belajar Siklus II..……………………….……………………162 f) Data Hasil Penilaian Kelompok Siklus II…..……...………………..…...164 4) Refleksi .......................................................................................................... .165 a) Refleksi Hasil Data RPP Siklus II…………………….............................165 b) Refleksi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II……..…………….............166 c) Refleksi Hasil Penilaian Kreativitas Siklus II..……………………….....166 d) Refleksi Hasil Belajar Siklus II…...…………………………….……….166 2. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian......................................................................... .167 a. Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran dengan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) ............................................................................................................ 168 b. Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran yang Dilakukan Guru ......................................... 170 c. Peningkatan Kreativitas Siswa ...................................................................... 173 d. Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa ................................................................... 175 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................. 178 A. Simpulan........................................................................................................ 179 B. Saran .............................................................................................................. 180 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 182
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