DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN.............................................................................
ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................
iii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN..........................................................................
iv
MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ...................................................................
v
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................
vi
KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................
vii
DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................
x
DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................
xvi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xviii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... BAB
xix
I PENDAHULUAN ...........................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang ..........................................................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah .....................................................................................
6
C. Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................
6
D. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................
7
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ..........................................................................
9
A. Landasan Teori..........................................................................................
9
1.
Belajar dan Pembelajaran ..................................................................
9
a.
Pengertian Belajar.......................................................................
9
b.
Bentuk Perbuatan Belajar ...........................................................
10
c.
Pengertian Pembelajaran.............................................................
11
x
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mata Pelajaran PKn SD .....................................................................
13
a.
Pengertian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan ..................................
13
b.
Tujuan Pkn Di Sekolah Dasar.....................................................
14
c.
Ruang lingkup PKn.....................................................................
15
Pokok Bahasan Materi .......................................................................
16
a.
Globalisasi ..................................................................................
16
b.
Sebab-sebab Terjadinya Globalisasi...........................................
16
Pembelajaran Kooperatif ...................................................................
18
a.
Hakikat Pembelajaran Kooperatif..............................................
18
b.
Prinsip – Prinsip Pembelajaran Kooperatif.................................
19
c.
Ciri-ciri Pembelajaran Kooperatif ..............................................
20
d.
Tujuan Pembelajaran Kooperatif ................................................
20
Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Number Head Together ....................
21
a.
Pengertian Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together ......................................................................................
b.
6.
21
Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together ............................................................................
22
c.
Peranan Model Numbered Head Together .................................
24
d.
Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together. .................................................
25
Motivasi .............................................................................................
25
a.
Pengertian Motivasi ....................................................................
25
b.
Fungsi Motivasi ..........................................................................
26
xi
c.
Faktor – faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi ...........................
27
d.
Macam – macam Motivasi..........................................................
28
e.
Prinsip – prinsip Motivasi...........................................................
28
Prestasi Belajar...................................................................................
29
a.
Pengertian Prestasi Belajar .........................................................
29
b.
Faktor –faktor yang Mempengaruhi Prestasi Belajar .................
31
B. Penelitian yang Relevan............................................................................
33
C. Kerangka Berfikir .....................................................................................
35
D. Hipotesis Tindakan ...................................................................................
38
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN.........................................................
39
A. Setting Penelitian ......................................................................................
39
7.
1.
Tempat Penelitian ..............................................................................
39
2.
Waktu Penelitian................................................................................
39
3.
Jenis Penelitian...................................................................................
39
4.
Subyek Penelitian...............................................................................
40
B. Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Data .........................................................
40
1.
2.
Teknik Pengumpulan Data.................................................................
40
a.
Teknik Tes ..................................................................................
40
b.
Teknik Non tes............................................................................
41
Alat Pengumpulan Data .....................................................................
42
a.
Lembaran Tes Evaluasi Belajar ..................................................
42
b.
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru ..............................................
43
c.
Lembar Pengamatan Motivasi Siswa..........................................
43
xii
d.
Wawancara..................................................................................
44
e.
Dokumentasi ...............................................................................
45
C. Analisis Data .............................................................................................
45
1.
Mengukur Kualitas Instrument Tes ...................................................
46
a.
Validitas ......................................................................................
46
b.
Reliabilitas ..................................................................................
46
c.
Tingkat Kesukaran ......................................................................
47
d.
Daya Pembeda ............................................................................
48
2.
Menghitung Hasil Tes........................................................................
49
3.
Mengukur Motivasi............................................................................
51
D. Indikator Keberhasilan..............................................................................
52
E. Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................................
52
1.
Perencanaan (planning) .....................................................................
54
2.
Pelaksanaan Tindakan (acting) ..........................................................
54
3.
Pengamatan (observing).....................................................................
55
4.
Refleksi (reflection) ...........................................................................
55
F. Jadwal Penelitian ......................................................................................
56
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.................................
57
A. Hasil Penelitian .........................................................................................
57
B. Hasil Pelaksanaan Penelitian ....................................................................
58
1.
Siklus I ...............................................................................................
58
a.
Hasil Menganalisis Instrumen Tes Siklus 1................................
58
1) Uji Validitas.........................................................................
58
xiii
2) Uji Reabilitas .......................................................................
59
3) Tingkat Kesukaran...............................................................
59
4) Daya Pembeda .....................................................................
60
Hasil Siklus I...............................................................................
61
1) Perencanaan .........................................................................
61
2) Hasil Pelaksanaan Kegiatan.................................................
63
3) Hasil Pengamatan/Observasi ...............................................
69
4) Hasil Refleksi.......................................................................
80
Siklus II..............................................................................................
83
a.
Hasil Menganalisis Instrumen Tes Siklus II ...............................
83
1) Uji Validitas.........................................................................
83
2) Uji Reabilitas .......................................................................
84
3) Tingkat Kesukaran...............................................................
84
4) Daya Pembeda .....................................................................
85
Hasil Siklus II .............................................................................
86
1) Perencanaan .........................................................................
86
2) Hasil Pelaksanaan ................................................................
87
3) Hasil Pengamatan/Observasi ...............................................
95
4) Hasil Wawancara .................................................................
105
5) Hasil Refleksi.......................................................................
108
C. Pembahasan...............................................................................................
109
b.
2.
b.
1.
Peningkatan Sikap Motivasi Belajar..................................................
109
2.
Peningkatan Aktivitas Guru...............................................................
112
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3.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa ...................................................
113
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN................................................................
116
A. Simpulan ..................................................................................................
116
B. Saran
..................................................................................................
117
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................
118
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3. 1.
Kisi-kisi Lembar Aktivitas Guru ................................................
43
Tabel 3. 2.
Rancangan Kisi-kisi Motivasi Siswa ..........................................
44
Tabel 3. 3.
Daftar Pertanyaan Wawancara....................................................
45
Tabel 3. 4.
Klasifikasi Koefisien Reliabilitas ...............................................
47
Tabel 3. 5.
Klasifikasi Tingkat Kesukaran....................................................
48
Tabel 3. 6.
Klasifikasi interpretasi daya pembeda ........................................
49
Tabel 3. 7.
Kriteria Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa..............................................
50
Tabel 3. 8.
Kriteria Penilaian Aktivitas Guru ...............................................
51
Tabel 3. 9.
Klasifikasi Hasil Penilaian..........................................................
51
Tabel 3. 10. Jadwal Penelitian ........................................................................
56
Tabel 4. 1. Klasifikasi Tingkat Kesukaran.......................................................
60
Tabel 4. 2. Klasifikasi Interpretasi Daya Pembeda ..........................................
60
Tabel 4. 3. Kriteria Penilaian Aktivitas Guru ..................................................
70
Tabel 4. 4. Hasil Aktivitas Guru Siklus 1 ........................................................
70
Tabel 4. 5. Kriteria Penilaian Sikap Motivasi Belajar Siswa...........................
76
Tabel 4. 6. Hasil Observasi Motivasi Belajar Siswa........................................
76
Tabel 4. 7. Kriteria Penilaian Sikap Motivasi Belajar Siswa...........................
77
Tabel 4. 8. Hasil Observasi Motivasi Siswa Pertemuan II...............................
78
Tabel 4. 9. Hasil Observasi Motivasi Siklus 1 .................................................
79
Tabel 4. 10. Rekapitulasi Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Siklus 1 ......................
80
Tabel 4. 11. Klasifikasi tingkat kesukaran .......................................................
84
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Tabel 4. 12. Klasifikasi Interpretasi Daya Pembeda ........................................
85
Tabel 4. 13. Kriteria Penilaian Aktivitas Guru ................................................
95
Tabel 4. 14. Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Guru siklus II .....................................
95
Tabel 4. 15. Kriteria Penilaian Sikap Motivasi Siklus II Pertemuan 1 ............
102
Tabel 4. 16. Hasil Observasi Motivasi Siswa Siklus II Pertemuan 1...............
102
Tabel 4. 17. Kriteria Penilaian Observasi Motivasi Siswa...............................
103
Tabel 4. 18. Hasil Observasi Motivasi Siswa Siklus II Pertemuan 2...............
103
Tabel 4. 19. Hasil Nilai Evaluasi pada Siklus II ..............................................
105
Tabel 4. 20. Rekapitulasi Sikap Motivasi Beajar Siswa ..................................
109
Tabel 4. 21. Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa .............................................
113
xvii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1. Skema Kerangka Berfikir Penelitian..........................................
37
Gambar 3. 1. Alur PTK ....................................................................................
53
Gambar 4. 1. Histogram peningkatan sikap motivasi belajar siswa ................
110
Gambar 4. 2. Histogram peningkatan prestasi belajar .....................................
114
xviii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Surat Keputusan...........................................................................
120
Lampiran 2. Surat Permohonan Izin ................................................................
122
Lampiran 3 Daftar Nama Uji Soal Validitas....................................................
124
Lampiran 4. Soal A dan B Uji validitas ...........................................................
125
Lampiran 5. Hasil Uji Validitas .......................................................................
133
Lampiran 6. Hasil Reabilitas............................................................................
137
Lampiran 7. Daya Pembeda, Tingkat Kesukaran.............................................
138
Lampiran 8. Silabus, RPP, LKK, LKS, Kunci jawaban ..................................
140
Lampiran 9. Daftar Nama Siswa Kelas IV ......................................................
190
Lampiran 10. Hasil Perhitungan motivasi, Lembar Motivasi ..........................
191
Lampiran 11. Hasil Perhitungan Aktivitas Guru, Lembar Aktivitas Guru ......
197
Lampiran 12. Hasil Perhitungan Prestasi Belajar ............................................
204
Lampiran 13. Dokumentasi Wawancara ..........................................................
206
Lampiran 14. Dokumentasi Penelitian.............................................................
208
Lampiran 15. Lembar Konsultasi.....................................................................
211
Lampiran 16. Daftar Riwayat Hidup................................................................
213
xix
