DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN.............................................................................
ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................
iii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN..........................................................................
iv
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .............
v
MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ...................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................
viii
KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................
xvi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xviii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN....................................................................................
xix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah .............................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah.......................................................................
6
C. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................
6
D. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................
6
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ...........................................................................
8
A. Landasan Teori ...........................................................................
8
1.
Membaca..............................................................................
8
a.
Pengertian Membaca ....................................................
8
b.
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kemampuan Membaca .....
9
c.
Tujuan Membaca ..........................................................
10
d.
Jenis-jenis Membaca.....................................................
11
2.
Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring.........................................
14
3.
Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together.
17
a.
Pengertian Pembelajaran Kooperatif ............................
17
b.
Numbered Heads Together ...........................................
20
c.
Sintak Pembelajaran Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT ...............
22
4.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SD ................................
23
5.
Keterampilan Berbahasa ......................................................
25
6.
Pokok Bahasan Materi Teks Pengumuman ........................
26
B. Penelitian yang Relevan..............................................................
29
C. Kerangka Berpikir.......................................................................
33
D. Hipotesis Penelitian ....................................................................
35
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN.........................................................
36
A. Setting Penelitian ........................................................................
36
1.
Tempat Penelitian ................................................................
36
2.
Waktu Penelitian..................................................................
36
3.
Jenis Penelitian ....................................................................
37
B. Subjek Penelitian ........................................................................
37
C. Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Data...........................................
38
1.
Teknik Pengumpulan Data ..................................................
38
a.
Teknik Tes ....................................................................
38
b.
Teknik Non Tes ............................................................
39
Alat Pengumpulan Data .......................................................
41
a.
Penilaian Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring..................
42
b.
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru ................................
44
c.
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Siswa...............................
45
d.
Wawancara ...................................................................
45
D. Analisis Data...............................................................................
46
2.
1.
Instrumen Butir Soal............................................................
47
a.
Uji Validitas..................................................................
47
b.
Uji Reliabilitas ..............................................................
48
c.
Tingkat Kesulitan..........................................................
50
d.
Daya Beda.....................................................................
51
Menghitung Hasil Tes..........................................................
52
a.
Penilaian Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring..................
52
b.
Menghitung Nilai Tiap Siswa.......................................
53
c.
Menghitung Nilai Rata-rata Kelas ................................
54
d.
Menghitung Ketuntasan Belajar Klasikal.....................
54
3.
Aktivitas Guru .....................................................................
55
4.
Aktivitas Siswa ....................................................................
55
E. Indikator Keberhasilan................................................................
56
F. Prosedur Penelitian .....................................................................
56
2.
1.
Perencanaan (Planning) .......................................................
58
2.
Pelaksanaan Tindakan (Acting) ...........................................
59
3.
Pengamatan (Observing) .....................................................
59
4.
Refleksi (Reflecting)............................................................
60
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.................................
61
A. Hasil Penelitian ...........................................................................
61
B. Pelaksanaan Tindakan.................................................................
63
1.
Hasil Siklus 1.......................................................................
63
a.
Perencanaan ..................................................................
63
b.
Hasil Pelaksanaan Kegiatan..........................................
65
c.
Hasil Pengamatan/Observasi ........................................
70
d.
Hasil Refleksi................................................................
85
Hasil Siklus 2.......................................................................
88
a.
Perencanaan ..................................................................
88
b.
Hasil Pelaksanaan Kegiatan..........................................
90
c.
Hasil Pengamatan/Observasi ........................................
95
d.
Hasil Refleksi................................................................
108
C. Pembahasan ................................................................................
109
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN................................................................
115
A. Simpulan .....................................................................................
115
B. Saran ...........................................................................................
116
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................
117
2.
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1.
Sintak Pembelajaran Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT...........................................
23
Tabel 2.2.
SK dan KD Keterampilan Membaca di Kelas IV.......................
27
Tabel 3.1.
Jumlah Siswa Kelas IV SDN Harjowinangun 2 .........................
37
Tabel 3.2.
Rancangan Kisi-kisi Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring ..............
42
Tabel 3.3.
Kisi-kisi Soal Tes Uji Coba ........................................................
43
Tabel 3.4.
Kisi-kisi Soal Tes Evaluasi Belajar Siswa Siklus 1 ....................
43
Tabel 3.5.
Kisi-kisi Soal Tes Evaluasi Belajar Siswa Siklus 2 ....................
44
Tabel 3.6.
Kisi-kisi Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru ...............................
44
Tabel 3.7.
Kisi-kisi Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ..............................
45
Tabel 3.8.
Kisi-kisi Pedoman Wawancara Setelah Pembelajaran ...............
46
Tabel 3.9.
Kriteria Validitas.........................................................................
47
Tabel 3.10. Hasil Validitas Butir Soal Uji Coba............................................
48
Tabel 3.11. Klasifikasi Koefisien Reliabilitas ...............................................
49
Tabel 3.12. Hubungan antara Tingkat Kesulitan dengan Kualitas Butir Soal
50
Tabel 3.13. Hubungan antara Daya Beda dengan Kualitas Butir Soal ..........
52
Tabel 3.14. Klasifikasi Nilai Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring ....................
53
Tabel 3.15. Penggolongan Rentang Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring..........
53
Tabel 3.16. Kriteria Ketuntasan Belajar Membaca Nyaring..........................
53
Tabel 3.17. Kriteria Ketuntasan Pemahaman Teks Pengumuman.................
54
Tabel 3.18. Penggolongan Rentang Ketuntasan Belajar Klasikal .................
55
Tabel 3.19. Penggolongan Rentang Aktivitas Guru ......................................
55
Tabel 3.20. Penggolongan Rentang Aktivitas Siswa .....................................
56
Tabel 4.1.
Hasil Penilaian Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring Siklus 1 ........
70
Tabel 4.2.
Keberhasilan Siswa dalam Membaca Nyaring Teks Pengumuman pada Siklus 1...............................................................................
73
Tabel 4.3.
Kriteria Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring ..................................
73
Tabel 4.4.
Penilaian Pemahaman Bacaan Siklus 1 ......................................
74
Tabel 4.5.
Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Guru Siklus 1 ....................................
74
Tabel 4.6.
Klasifikasi Penilaian Aktivitas Guru ..........................................
75
Tabel 4.7.
Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus 1...................................
81
Tabel 4.8.
Hasil Penilaian Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring Siklus 2 ........
95
Tabel 4.9.
Keberhasilan Siswa dalam Membaca Nyaring Teks Pengumuman pada Siklus 2...............................................................................
97
Tabel 4.10. Klasifikasi Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring .............................
98
Tabel 4.11. Penilaian Pemahaman Bacaan Siklus 2 ......................................
98
Tabel 4.12. Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Guru Siklus 2 ....................................
99
Tabel 4.13. Kriteria Penilaian Aktivitas Guru ...............................................
99
Tabel 4.14. Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus 2...................................
104
Tabel 4.15. Rekapitulasi Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring Siswa ................
109
Tabel 4.16. Peningkatan Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring ...........................
112
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Skema Jenis-jenis Membaca.....................................................
13
Gambar 2.2. Kerangka Berpikir ....................................................................
34
Gambar 3.1. Alur PTK dalam Model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart...................
57
Gambar 4.1. Diagram Batang Rekapitulasi Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring 110 Gambar 4.2. Diagram Batang Peningkatan Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring 113
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1.
Surat Keputusan Dekan ............................................................
121
Lampiran 2.
Surat Izin Penelitian .................................................................
124
Lampiran 3.
Surat Keterangan Setelah Penelitian ........................................
125
Lampiran 4.
Surat Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) ...........................
126
Lampiran 5.
Kisi-kisi Instrumen Penelitian ..................................................
128
Lampiran 6.
Indikator Penilaian Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring..............
130
Lampiran 7.
Hasil Observasi Penilaian Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring Siklus 1 .....................................................................................
131
Lampiran 8.
Hasil Penilaian Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring Siklus 1 ......
135
Lampiran 9.
Hasil Observasi Penilaian Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring Siklus 2 .....................................................................................
136
Lampiran 10. Hasil Penilaian Keterampilan Membaca Nyaring Siklus 2 ......
140
Lampiran 11. Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Guru................................................
141
Lampiran 12. Rekapiltulasi Penilaian Observasi Aktivitas Guru ...................
157
Lampiran 13. Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ..............................................
158
Lampiran 14. Penilaian Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus 1 ..........................
174
Lampiran 15. Penilaian Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus 2 ..........................
176
Lampiran 16. Soal Tes Uji Coba Validitas .....................................................
178
Lampiran 17. Hasil Kerja Siswa Soal Tes Uji Coba Validitas .......................
183
Lampiran 18. Silabus Siklus 1 ........................................................................
195
Lampiran 19. RPP Siklus 1 .............................................................................
196
Lampiran 20. Materi Ajar Siklus 1 .................................................................
201
Lampiran 21. Hasil Kerja Kelompok Siklus 1................................................
203
Lampiran 22. Lembar Tes Siklus 1.................................................................
212
Lampiran 23. Kunci Jawaban Lembar Tes Siklus 1 .......................................
215
Lampiran 24. Hasil Kerja Tes Siswa Siklus 1 ................................................
216
Lampiran 25. Hasil Penilaian Tes Siswa Siklus 1 ..........................................
228
Lampiran 26. Daftar Hadir Siklus 1................................................................
229
Lampiran 27. Silabus Siklus 2 ........................................................................
230
Lampiran 28. RPP Siklus 2 .............................................................................
231
Lampiran 29. Materi Ajar Siklus 2 .................................................................
236
Lampiran 30. Hasil Kerja Kelompok Siklus 2................................................
238
Lampiran 31. Lembar Tes Siklus 2.................................................................
243
Lampiran 32. Kunci Jawaban Lembar Tes Siklus 2 .......................................
246
Lampiran 33. Hasil Kerja Tes Siswa Siklus 2 ................................................
247
Lampiran 34. Hasil Penilaian Tes Siswa Siklus 2 ..........................................
259
Lampiran 35. Daftar Hadir Siklus 2................................................................
260
Lampiran 36. Hasil Wawancara Pra Penelitian ..............................................
261
Lampiran 37. Hasil Nilai Ulangan Harian Bahasa Indonesia .........................
263
Lampiran 38. Hasil Wawancara Guru Setelah Pembelajaran .........................
264
Lampiran 39. Hasil Uji Coba Validitas...........................................................
267
Lampiran 40. Hasil Reliabilitas ......................................................................
268
Lampiran 41. Hasil Tingkat Kesulitan............................................................
269
Lampiran 42. Hasil Daya Beda .......................................................................
270
Lampiran 43. Jadwal Penelitian ......................................................................
273
Lampiran 44. Dokumentasi Foto ....................................................................
274
Lampiran 45. Kartu Konsultasi Bimbingan ....................................................
278
Lampiran 46. Biodata Peneliti ........................................................................
280
