DAFTAR ISI Halaman Pengesahan....................................................................................................... i Halaman Pernyataan ...................................................................................................... ii Kata Pengantar .............................................................................................................. iii Daftar Isi .......................................................................................................................... v Daftar Tabel ................................................................................................................. viii Daftar Gambar ................................................................................................................ x Daftar Grafik .................................................................................................................. xi Daftar Lampiran ........................................................................................................... xii Abstraksi ....................................................................................................................... xiii
BAB I
Pendahuluan ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................... 2 1.3 Batasan Masalah ..................................................................................... 2 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................... 3 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................. 3
BAB II
Tinjauan Pustaka ......................................................................................... 4 2.1 E-waste ..................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Definisi e-waste ............................................................................. 4 2.1.2 Sumber e-waste .............................................................................. 4 2.1.2.1 Perusahaan dan pengecer ................................................... 4 2.1.2.2 Pelaku impor ...................................................................... 5 2.1.2.3 Pelaku individu rumah tangga ........................................... 5 2.1.2.4 Bisnis/Sektor Pemerintah .................................................. 5 2.1.2.5 Pengepul/Perakit ................................................................ 5 2.1.2.6 Daur Ulang/Smelter ........................................................... 6 2.1.3 Kandungan E-Waste....................................................................... 6 2.1.4 Dampak E-Waste Terhadap Lingkungan ..................................... 13 v
2.1.5 Pengelolaan E-Waste di Indonesia ............................................... 14 2.2 Barang Elektronik .................................................................................. 15 2.3 Rata-Rata Hidup Barang Elektronik (End Of Life) ................................ 15 2.4 Distributor Barang Elektronik ................................................................ 18 BAB III
Metode Penelitian ....................................................................................... 19 3.1 Lokasi Penelitian .................................................................................... 19 3.2 Ide Penelitian.......................................................................................... 19 3.3 Sumber Data ........................................................................................... 20 1) Data Primer ....................................................................................... 20 2) Data Sekunder................................................................................... 20 3.4 Kerangka Penelitian dan Langkah Kerja ............................................... 21 3.5 Instrumen Penelitian .............................................................................. 23 a. Lembar Wawancara .......................................................................... 23 b. Observasi........................................................................................... 23 3.6 Metode Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 24 1) Studi Kepustakaan ............................................................................ 24 2) Wawancara ....................................................................................... 24 3.7 Metode Analisa Data Penjualan ............................................................. 24 3.7.1 Metode Kuadrat Terkecil (Least Square Method) ....................... 25 3.7.2 Metode Setengah Rata-Rata (Semi Average Method) .................. 25 3.7.3 Metode Moment ........................................................................... 26 3.8 Teknik Analisa Data............................................................................... 26
BAB IV
Hasil dan Pembahasan............................................................................... 28 4.1 Umum..................................................................................................... 28 4.2 Data Hasil Penjualan Barang Elektronik ............................................... 29 a. Z ........................................................................................................ 29 b. Y........................................................................................................ 30 c. X ........................................................................................................ 31 4.3 Pemilihan Metode yang Dipakai Untuk Proyeksi (Sepuluh) Tahun ...... 33 vi
4.3.1 Metode Kuadrat Terkecil (Least Square Method) ....................... 33 4.3.2 Metode Trend Moment ................................................................ 33 4.3.3 Metode Setengah Rata-Rata (Semi Average Method) .................. 34 4.4 Analisa Data Timbulan E-Waste 10 Tahun Mendatang......................... 38 4.5 Analisa Regresi dan Korelasi Jumlah Penjualan Dengan Timbulan E-Waste ...................................................................................................................... 42 4.6 Total Nilai Jual Timbulan E-Waste Yang Dihasilkan ............................ 43 BAB V
Kesimpulan, Saran, dan Rekomendasi .................................................... 47 5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 47 5.2 Saran....................................................................................................... 47 5.3 Rekomendasi .......................................................................................... 47
Daftar Pustaka Lampiran
vii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1
Komponen Pada E-Waste ........................................................................... 7
Tabel 2.2
Rata-Rata Berat dan Komposisi Pada Alat Elektronik................................ 8
Tabel 2.3
Kuantitas yang Dapat Diperoleh Kembali Dalam Unsur-Unsur PC ........... 8
Tabel 2.4
Kuantitas yang Dapat Diperoleh Kembali Dalam Unsur-Unsur TV........... 10
Tabel 2.5
Kuantitas yang Dapat Diperoleh Kembali Dalam Unsur-Unsur Kulkas.... 11
Tabel 2.6
Zat Berbahaya yang Mungkin Ada di Komponen E-Waste ....................... 11
Tabel 2.7
Berat Dari Timbulan WEEE Pada Barang Elektronik EU15 ..................... 16
Tabel 3.1
Alamat Distributor Barang Elektronik DIY ................................................ 20
Tabel 4.1
Data Penjualan Barang Elektronik dari Z ................................................... 29
Tabel 4.2
Data Penjualan Barang Elektronik dari Y ................................................... 30
Tabel 4.3
Data Penjualan Barang Elektronik dari X .................................................. 31
Tabel 4.4
Data Penjualan Produk Kulkas Z Periode Mei 2012-April 2013 Menggunakan Metode Kuadrat Terkecil ............................................................................ 33
Tabel 4.5
Data Penjualan Produk Kulkas Z Periode Mei 2012-April 2013 Menggunakan Metode Trend Moment................................................................................ 34
Tabel 4.6
Data Penjualan Produk Kulkas Z Periode Mei 2012-April 2013 Menggunakan Metode Setengah Rata-Rata ........................................................................ 34
viii
Tabel 4.7
CEPS Data Impor Untuk Barang Elektronik Baru dan Bekas (Unit, 2006-2009) ..................................................................................................................... 38
Tabel 4.8
Hasil Analisis Timbulan E-Waste Kulkas Untuk 10 Tahun Mendatang .... 39
Tabel 4.9
Hasil Analisa Timbulan E-Waste Air Conditioner Untuk 10 Tahun Mendatang ..................................................................................................................... 39
Tabel 4.10
Hasil Analisa Timbulan E-Waste Mesin Cuci Untuk 10 Tahun Mendatang ..................................................................................................................... 40
Tabel 4.11
Jumlah Data Penjualan dan Timbulan E-Waste ......................................... 42
Tabel 4.12
Presentase Kandungan Material dalam E-Waste (%) ................................ 44
Tabel 4.13
Nilai Jual dari Kandungan Material E-Waste .............................................. 45
ix
Daftar Gambar
Gambar 2.1 Aliran E-Waste dari Negara Maju ke Negara-Negara Miskin dan Berkembang .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Kerangka Penelitian .............................................................. 21 Gambar 3.2 Diagram Alir Langkah Penelitian ............................................................... 22 Gambar 4.1 Penjualan Kulkas Selama 10 Tahun............................................................ 36 Gambar 4.2 Penjualan Air Conditioner Selama 10 Tahun ............................................. 36 Gambar 4.3 Penjualan Mesin Cuci Selama 10 Tahun .................................................... 37 Gambar 4.4 Jumlah Material yang Berasal dari Timbulan E-Waste .............................. 45
x
Daftar Grafik
Grafik 4.1 Grafik Penjualan Z Periode Mei 2011-April 2012 ........................................ 31 Grafik 4.2 Grafik Penjualan Y Periode Mei 2011-April 2012........................................ 32 Grafik 4.3 Grafik Penjualan X Periode Juni 2011-Mei 2012 ......................................... 37 Grafik 4.4 Grafik Timbulan E-Waste 10 Tahun ke Depan ............................................. 42
xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN LAMPIRAN 1
Tabel Contoh Perhitungan Metode Proyeksi Penjualan Barang Elektronik
LAMPIRAN 2
Tabel Hasil Perbandingan Penggunaan Metode Proyeksi Penjualan Barang Elektronik.
LAMPIRAN 3
Tabel Hasil Proyeksi Penjualan Barang Elektronik Metode Least Square
LAMPIRAN 4
Tabel Total Proyeksi Barang Elektronik Selama 10 Tahun
LAMPIRAN 5
Contoh Perhitungan Timbulan E-Waste Dari Proyeksi Penjualan Barang Elektronik
LAMPIRAN 6
Daftar Harga Kandungan Material E-Waste
LAMPIRAN 7
Daftar Pertanyaan Data Penjualan
LAMPIRAN 8
Contoh Perhitungan Nilai Jual Kandungan E-Waste Yang Berasal Dari Timbulan E-Waste Selama 10 Tahun Kedepan
xii
