DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................. .... i SURAT PERNYATAAN .......................................................................................... ... ii SURAT KETERANGAN PENELITIAN ................................................................... iii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ........................................................... iv HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ....... ............................................................ . v HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN .................................................................................. vi HALAMAN MOTTO .................................................................................................. vii KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. ....ix DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... .....xv DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xvii ABSTRAKSI ........................................................................................................... .xviii TAKARIR ................................................................................................................... xix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1
Latar Belakang Masalah...................................................................... 1
1.2
Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 4
1.3
Batasan Masalah .................................................................................. 4
1.4
Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................. 5
1.5
Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................... 5
1.6
Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................... 6 x
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA 2.1
Pendahuluan .......................................................................................... 8
2.2
Pengembangan Produk ......................................................................... 8
2.3
Manual Material Handling .................................................................. 9
2.4
Ergonomi ............................................................................................. 11
2.5
Antropometri ....................................................................................... 13
2.6
Biomekanika ........................................................................................ 14
2.7
Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD) .................................... 15 2.7.1 Pengertian QFD .......................................................................... 15 2.7.2 Sejarah QFD ............................................................................... 16 2.7.3 Tujuan Dan Manfaat QFD ......................................................... 16 2.7.4 Voice of Customer ...................................................................... 17 2.7.5 Kebutuhan Teknis ...................................................................... 17 2.7.6 Hubungan WHATs dan HOWs .................................................. 17 2.7.7 Hubungan How Much ............................................................... 18
2.8
House of Quality .................................................................................. 19
2.9
Matrik Perencanaan Part (matrik Part Deployment) .......................... 23 2.9.1 Fault Tree Analysis ..................................................................... 23 2.9.2 Matrik perencanaan part ............................................................ 24
2.10 Matrik perencanaan proses .................................................................. 25 2.11 Matrik Perencanaan produksi ............................................................... 26 2.12 Uji Validitas Dan Reabilitas Butir Kuisioner ....................................... 27 xi
2.12.1 Uji Validitas Butir Kuisioner .................................................... 27 2.12.2 Uji reabilitas Butir Kuisioner .................................................... 27 2.13 Uji Normalitas ...................................................................................... 28 2.14 Uji Beda Produk (Paired Sampel T-Test)............................................. 29 2.14.1 Uji BedaTerhadap Penurunan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal...30 2.14.2 Uji Beda Terhadap Penurunan Kelelahan secara umum .. 30 2.14.3 Uji Terhadap Peningkatan Produktivitas............................31
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 3.1 Lokasi Penelitian.................................................................................... 32 3.2 Objek Penelitian .................................................................................... 32 3.3 Populasi dan Sampel .............................................................................. 32 3.3.1 Populasi .................................................................................... 32 3.3.2 Sampel ...................................................................................... 32 3.3.3 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ................................................... 33 3.3.4 Penentuan Jumlah Sampel ........................................................ 33 3.4 Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................. 34 3.5 Alat Dan Bahan ...................................................................................... 35 3.6 Diagram Alir Metode Penelitian ........................................................... 36 3.7 Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 37 3.7.1
Tahapan Persiapan Dan Observasi ............................................ 37
3.7.2
Tahap Penelitian Dan Perancangan Alat .................................. 37
3.7.3
Tahapan Implementasi Disain ................................................... 37 xii
3.7.4 Tahap Pengujian Produk ............................................................ 38 3.7.4.1 Tata Cara Uji Coba Produk ............................................ 38 3.8 Analisis Data ........................................................................................ 39
BAB IV PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA 4.1 Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................. 40
4.2
4.1.1
Gambar Wheelbarrow awal ..................................................... 40
4.1.2
Identifikasi Kebutuhan Konsumen........................................... 41
4.1.3
Nilai Kepentingan Relatif ........................................................ 43
4.1.4
Evaluasi Pembanding ............................................................... 43
4.1.5
Data Keluhan Persepsi Ketidaknyamanan .............................. 44
4.1.6
Data Antopometri ..................................................................... 44
Pengolahan Data ................................................................................. 45 4.2.1
Uji Validitas Dan Reabilitas Butir Kuisioneri ......................... 45 4.2.1.1 Uji Validitas Data......................................................... 45 4.2.1.2 Uji Reabilitas Data ..................................................... 47
4.2.2
Pengolahan Data Kepentingan Relatif ..................................... 48
4.2.3
Menetukan Tingkat Kepentingan Pengembangan ................... 50
4.2.4
Pengolahan Data Prepektif Ketidak Nyamanan ....................... 50
4.2.5
Evaluasi Pembanding ............................................................... 53
4.2.6
GAP Analisis ........................................................................... 54
4.2.7
Menterjemahkan Keinginan Konsumen Dalam Bahasa Teknis ............................................................... 56 xiii
4.2.8
Menetukan Target .................................................................... 57
4.2.9
House Of Quality ..................................................................... 58
4.2.10 Matrik Part Deployment .......................................................... 64 4.2.10.1 analisa konsep ............................................................ 64 4.2.10.2 Fault Tree Analysis..................................................... 65 4.2.10.3 Matrik Part Deployment ............................................ 67 4.2.11 Perhitungan Antropometri ...................................................... 68 4.3
Pengujian Produk ................................................................................. 73 4.3.1
Karakteristik Subjek Dan Lokasi Uji Coba.............................. 73
4.3.2
Uji Normalitas .......................................................................... 74
4.3.3 Uji Beda .................................................................................... 75 4.3.3.1 Uji T Terhadap Keluhan Muskuloskeletal, kelelahan dan produktivitas ....................................... 75
BAB V PEMBAHASAN 5.1
Hasil HOQ ........................................................................................... 77
5.2
Proses Perancangan Produk ................................................................ 79
5.3
Antropometri Disain Baru .................................................................... 81
5.4
Pengujian Produk ................................................................................. 83 5.4.1
Karakteristik Subjek ................................................................ 82
5.4.2
Uji Normalitas .......................................................................... 84
5.4.3 Uji Beda Tingkat Keluhan Muskuloskeletal, kelelahan secara umum dan produktivitas ............................... 84 xiv
5.4.3.1 Uji Beda Terhadap Keluhan Muskuloskeletal Kelompok Kontrol Dan Kelompok Eksperimen ................................................................ 85 5.4.3.2 Uji Beda Terhadap kelelahan Kelompok Kontrol Dan Kelompok Eksperimen ..................................... 86 5.4.3.3 Uji Beda Terhadap kelelahan Kelompok Kontrol Dan Kelompok Eksperimen ..................................... 88 5.5
Perbandingan Antara Produk Rancangan Dengan Produk Pesaing ................................................................................................. 89
BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 6.1
Kesimpulan .......................................................................................... 92
6.2
Saran ......................................................................................... .......... 93
DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1
Tabel Enam Langkah Membuat House Of Quality ................................ 19
Tabel 4.1
Tabel Interpolasi Nilai R Tabel ................................................................. 46
Tabel 4.2
Tabel Perbandingan Nilai R Hitung Dengan R Tabel (Uji Validasi) .......... 47
Tabel 4.3
Tabel Nilai ALPHA Dari SPSS ............................................................ 48
Tabel 4.4
Tabel Nilai Kepentingan Relatif Analisis Perancangan Ulang Wheelbarrow .......................................................................................... 49
Tabel 4.5
Tabel Kepentingan Pengembangan Produk ............................................ 50
Tabel 4.6
Tabel 10 Keluhan Teratas Yang Sering Dialami Para Pekerja/Petani Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit ..................................................................... 51
Tabel 4.7
Tabel Rekapitulasi Keinginan Konsumen Pada Produk Baru ............... 53
Tabel 4.8
Tabel Rekapitulasi Keinginan Konsumen Pada Produk Pesaing ........... 54
Tabel 4.9
Tabel Gap Analisis ................................................................................. 55
Tabel 4.10 Tabel Urutan Prioritas Pengembangan Berdasarkan Gap Analisis ....... 55 Tabel 4.11 Tabel Penterjemahkan Kebutuhan Konsumen Kedalam Persyaratan Teknis .................................................................. 56 Tabel 4.12 Tabel Hasil Kebutuhan Teknis................................................................ 57 Tabel 4.13 Tabel Target Atau Sasaran ...................................................................... 57 Tabel 4.14 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan Improve Ratio ................................................. 60 Tabel 4.15 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan Row Weight Atau Bobot Baris ....................... 61 Tabel 4.16 Tabel Data Antropometri ..................................................................... 68 Tabel 4.17 Tabel Deskripsi Subjek Uji Coba Alat ................................................. 74 xvi
Tabel 4.18 Tabel Rerata, Simpang Baku Dan Uji Normalitas ................................ 74 Tabel 4.19 Tabel Rerata, Beda Rerata, Dan Uji -T Antara Kelompok Kontrol Dan Kelompok Eksperimen Pada Responden ...................................... 75 Tabel 5.1
Tabel Perbandingan Antara Produk Rancangan Dengan Produk Pesaing ......................................................................... 90
xvii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1
Gambar Angkong (Wheelbarrow) ..................................................... 9
Gambar 2.2
Gambar Fault Tree Analysis ............................................................... 24
Gambar 2.3
Gambar Matrik Part Deployment ........................................................ 25
Gambar 2.4
Gambar Matrik Perencanaan Proses (Proses Planning) ..................... 26
Gambar 2.5
Gambar matrik perencanaan produksi ................................................. 26
Gambar 3.1
Gambar Diagram Alir Kerangka Penelitian Lama ............................... 34
Gambar 4.1
Gambar Angkong (Wheelbarrow) Awal ............................................. 41
Gambar 4.2
Gambar Aplikasi Wheelbarrow Pada Perkebunan K. Sawit ............... 41
Gambar 4.3
Interprestasi Kebutuhan Konsumen Tentang Keluhan Moskuletal Kedalam Bahasa Teknis ...................................................................... 52
Gambar 4.4
Gambar Costumer competitive evaluation ........................................... 62
Gambar 4.5
Gambar Matrik HOQ ........................................................................... 63
Gambar 4.6
Gambar Fault Tree Analysis ............................................................... 66
Gambar 4.7
Gambar Matrik Part Deployment ........................................................ 67
Gambar 5.1
Gambar Hasil Perancangan Wheelbarrow ........................................... 80
Gambar 5.2
Gambar Grafik Tingkat Keluhan Muskuloskeletal Antara Kelompok Kontrol Dan Kelompok Eksperimen ................................. 85
Gambar 5.3
Gambar Grafik Tingkat Kelelahan Antara Kelompok Kontrol Dan Kelompok Eksperimen .............................................................. 87
Gambar 5.4
Gambar Grafik Tingkat Produktivitas Antara Kelompok Kontrol Dan Kelompok Eksperimen ................................ 88 xviii
TAKARIR
Quality function deployment : suatu sistem pengembangan produk yang dimulai dari merancang produk proses manufakture, sampai pada proses produk sampai ketangan konsumen, dimana pengembangan produk berorientasi pada keinginana atau kebutuhan konsumen. House of quality
: matrik perencanaan produk yang berisi atribut-atribut dalam perencanaan dan pengembangan suatu produk.
Fault free analysisi
: bagian-bagian yang diperkirakan sebagai penyebab ketidak sesuaian antara target dengan kebutuhan teknis.
Matrik part of deployment
: persayaratan teknis yang dipilah dari matrik house of quality.
Moskuloskeletal
: permasalahan yang berhubungan dengan sistem otot.
Precentile
: presentasae ukura tubuh tertentu atau yang ditentukan
Flexion
: gerakan antar dua tulang yang terjadi pengurangan sudut
Extention
: gerakan antar dua tulang dan terjadi peningkatan sudut.
Abduction
: gerakan menyamping menjauhi sumbu tengah.
Adduction
: gerakan kearah mendekati sumbuh tengah.
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