DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ...................................................
ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ............................................................
iii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN .........................................................................
iv
KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................
v
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................
vii
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................
xiii
INTISARI
..................................................................................................
xiv
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
xv
BAB I
BAB II
PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah ..........................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................
3
C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................
3
D. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................
4
STUDI PUSTAKA A. Tinjauan Pustaka ....................................................................
5
1. Remaja..............................................................................
5
2. Menstruasi... .....................................................................
6
a. Pengertian Menstruasi ...............................................
6
b. Siklus Menstruasi .....................................................
6
3. Nyeri Haid/Dismenore .....................................................
9
a. Definisi Dismenore............................................ .......
9
b. Klasifikasi Dismenore ...............................................
10
c. Faktor Penyebab Dismenore ....................................
13
d. Gejala Dismenore......................................................
16
e. Faktor Resiko terjadinya dismenore..........................
17
f. Dampak Dismenore ..................................................
17
g. Terapi Dismenore......................................................
18
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4. Obat Antiinflamasi Nonsteroid…………………………..
20
a. Definisi OAINS........................……………………..
20
b. Penggunaan Terapi .......................………………….
21
c. Mekanisme Aksi Farmakologi ……………………… 22 d. Efek Samping OAINS ………………………………. 23 e. Prinsip Penggunaan OAINS......................................
24
f. Klasifikasi OAINS................................................ ....
24
g. Efek OAINS Terhadap Volume Darah Menstruasi....
25
h. Interaksi OAINS dengan Obat-obat Lain ..................
25
5. Skala Pengukuran Nyeri………………………………....
26
a. Skala Nyeri dengan Observasi ................................ ..
26
b. Oucher Pain Assessment Tool....................................
27
c. Appt (Adolescent Pediatric Tool)...............................
28
d. Numeric Rating Scale.................................................
28
e. Visual Analogue Scale............................................ ...
28
6. Edukasi Dan Konseling... ................................................. . 29
BAB III
a. Definisi Edukasi................................. ........................
29
b. Tujuan Edukasi................................... ........................
29
c. Bentuk Edukasi...................................................... ....
29
d. Komponen Edukasi................................................. ...
32
e. Edukasi Swamedikasi.......................... .......................
33
B. Landasan Teori ........................................................................
34
C. Hipotesis ..................................................................................
34
D. Kerangka Konsep ...................................................................
35
METODE PENELITIAN A. Rancangan Penelitian .............................................................
36
B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................
36
C. Instrumen Penelitian.......................................................... .....
36
D. Populasi dan Sampel ..............................................................
38
1. Kriteria Inklusi .................................................................
38
2. Kriteria Eksklusi...............................................................
39
E. Definisi Operasional Variabel .................................................
39
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BAB IV
F. Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................
40
G. Teknis Penelitian .....................................................................
41
H. Alur Penelitian ........................................................................
44
I. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data .................................................
45
PEMBAHASAN A. Gambaran umum penelitian..............................................
47
B. Karakteristik Responden...................................................
47
1. Karakteristik Demografi.............................................
47
a. Usia...........................................................................
49
b. Menarke.....................................................................
49
c. Lama Haid...........................................................
50
d. Indeks Massa tubuh............................................
51
e. Olah raga.............................................................
51
f. Terapi..................................................................
52
g. Kecemasan..........................................................
53
h. Dukungan Keluarga.................................................. i. Keletihan............................................................. 2.
54
Pengaruh Faktor Pengganggu Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri 54 a. Kecemasan..........................................................
55
b. Dukungan keluarga.............................................
56
c. Keletihan.............................................................
57
C. Pengaruh Edukasi terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri.... ... D. Keterbatasan Penelitian..................................................... BAB V
54
58
63
Kesimpulan Dan Saran A. Kesimpulan.......................................................................
65
B. Saran.................................................................................
65
DAFTAR PUSTAKA..................................................................................... LAMPIRAN..........................................................................................
x
74
66
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel I.
Resiko Efek Samping OAINS Terhadap G.I .................................. 24
Tabel II.
Nama Obat, Dosis, dan Frekuensi OAINS...................................... 25
Tabel III.
Interaksi OAINS dengan Obat-Obat Lain ....................................... 26
Tabel IV.
Skala Nyeri dengan Observasi Prilaku ............................................ 27
Tabel V.
Hasil Uji Validitas Kuesioner Tentang Keletihan Pada Setiap Pertanyaan ................................................................... 37
Tabel VI.
Hasil Uji Validitas Kuesioner Tentang Dukungan Keluarga Pada Setiap Pertanyaan ................................................................... 38
Tabel VII.
Terapi Rekomendasi Penanganan Dismenore dengan OAINS ....... 40
Tabel VIII.
Uji Chi-Square untuk Mengetahui Pengaruh Edukasi Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri ............................................. 46
Tabel IX.
Distribusi Karakteristik Responden Dismenore Primer di SMA N Ngaglik Sleman Yogyakarta ......................................... 48
Tabel X.
Pengaruh Faktor Pengganggu Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri saat Pretes pada Kelompok Kontrol dan Kelompok Perlakuan di SMA N Ngaglik Sleman Yogyakarta ........................................................... 55
Tabel XI.
Perubahan Rata-rata Skor Intensitas Nyeri antara Pretes-Postes di SMA N Ngaglik Sleman Yogyakarta ........................................................... 61
Tabel XII.
Tingkat Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Pada Kelompok Kontrol Dan Kelompok Perlakuan Setelah Edukasi di SMA Negeri Ngaglik Sleman Yogyakarta ........................................................... 62
Tabel XIII.
Gambaran Tingkat Intensitas Nyeri Responden Setelah Edukasi di SMA N Ngaglik Sleman Yogyakarta ........................................................... 62
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.
Skema Siklus Menstruasi ................................................................
9
Gambar 2.
Tatalaksana Dismenore ................................................................... 20
Gambar 3.
Mekanisme Kerja OAINS ............................................................... 23
Gambar 4.
Kerangka Konsep.. .......................................................................... 35
Gambar 5.
Alur Penelitian ............................................................................... 44
Gambar 6.
Gambaran Perbandingan Tingkat Skor Intensitas Nyeri Pretes pada Kelompok Kontrol dan Kelompok Perlakuan ....................................................................... 59
Gambar 7.
Gambaran Perbandingan Tingkat Skor Intensitas Nyeri Postes pada Kelompok Kontrol dan Kelompok Perlakuan ....................................................................... 60
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1.
Surat Izin Penelitian BAPPEDA .........................................
74
Lampiran 2.
Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian di SMA Negeri ..........
75
Lampiran 3.
Etical Clearance ..................................................................
77
Lampiran 4.
Surat penjelasan kepada orang tua calon subyek penelitian
78
Lampiran 5.
Kuesioner karakteristik siswi, faktor pengganggu dan materi edukasi .....................................................................
81
Lampiran 6.
Tabulasi Data Intensitas Nyeri NRS ...................................
91
Lampiran 7.
Data Penelitian Siswi ..........................................................
93
Lampiran 8.
Data Faktor Pengganggu .....................................................
95
Lampiran 9.
Skor Intensitas Nyeri Kelompok Kontrol dan Kelompok Perlakuan ...........................................................
Lampiran 10. Hasil SPSS Distribusi Karakteristik Demografi Siswi .......
99 101
Lampiran 11. Uji Normalitas Karakteristik Demografi dan Klinis Responden (Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov) ....................
104
Lampiran 12. Pengaruh Edukasi OAINS Sebagai Terapi Pencegahan Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri (Chi Square) ...........
105
Lampiran 13. Perbedaan Tingkat Kepatuhan Kelompok Kontrol dan Perlakuan Pada Saat Pretes-Postes (Uji Mann-Whitney) ...
106
Lampiran 14. Perbedaan Kepatuhan Saat Pretes Dan Postes (uji Wilcoxon) ......................................................................
108
Lampiran 15. Pengaruh Faktor Perancu dengan Intensitas Nyeri .............
110
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