DAFTAR ISI. ABSTRAK... i. ABSTRACT... ii. KATA PENGANTAR... iii. UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH...v. DAFTAR ISI... viii. DAFTAR TABEL... xii. DAFTAR GAMBAR

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iii UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ..................................................................................v DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xii DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................................1 1.1. Latar Belakang Penelitian .............................................................................. 1 1.2. Identifikasi dan Rumusan Masalah .............................................................. 13 1.2.1.

Identifikasi Masalah ........................................................................ 13

1.2.2.

Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 15

1.3. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ................................................................. 16 1.3.1.

Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................ 16

1.3.2.

Kegunaan Penelitian........................................................................ 17

1.3.2.1.

Kegunaan Teoritis .................................................................... 17

Dani Zulhaidar, 2013 Analisis Produktivitas Parsial Tenaga Kerja, Modal, Material, Dan Energy Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu

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1.3.2.2.

Kegunaan Praktis ..................................................................... 17

BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN ....................18 2.1. Kajian Pustaka ............................................................................................. 18 2.1.1.

Pengertian Produktivitas ................................................................. 18

2.1.2.

Konsep Produktivitas ...................................................................... 25

2.1.3.

Siklus Produktivitas ........................................................................ 27

2.1.3.1.

Pengukuran Produktivitas ........................................................ 27

2.1.3.2.

Model Pengukuran Produktivitas Berdasarkan Angka Indeks 29

2.1.3.3.

Evaluasi Sistem Produktivitas Perusahaan .............................. 32

2.1.3.4.

Perencanaan Peningkatan produktivitas .................................. 35

2.1.3.5.

Peningkatan Produktivitas ....................................................... 35

2.1.4.

Jenis-jenis Ukuran Produktivitas..................................................... 38

2.1.5.

Faktor Umum Penyebab Penurunan Produktivitas ......................... 42

2.2. Tenaga Kerja, Modal, Material dan Energi ................................................. 43 2.2.1.

Tenaga Kerja ................................................................................... 43

2.2.2.

Modal .............................................................................................. 43

2.2.3.

Material ........................................................................................... 44

2.2.4.

Energi .............................................................................................. 45

2.3. Kerangka Pemikiran .................................................................................... 45 BAB III OBJEK DAN METODE PENELITIAN .............................................49 3.1. Objek Penelitian........................................................................................... 49 3.2. Metode dan Desain Penelitian ..................................................................... 49 3.2.1.

Metode Penelitian............................................................................ 49 xv


3.2.2.

Desain Penelitian ............................................................................. 51

3.3. Overasionalisasi Variabel ............................................................................ 52 3.4. Sumber dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data ...................................................... 53 3.4.1.

Sumber Data .................................................................................... 53

3.4.2.

Teknik Pengumpulan Data .............................................................. 54

3.4.3.

Populasi dan Sampel ....................................................................... 56

3.5. Analisis Produktivitas .................................................................................. 56 3.5.1.

Pengukuran produktivitas berdasarkan pendekatan rasio Output /

Input

......................................................................................................... 57

3.5.2.

Pengukuran Indeks Produktivitas.................................................... 58

3.5.3.

Analisis

Produktivitas

Berdasarkan

Laporan

Perubahan

Produktivitas ................................................................................................. 59 3.5.4.

Analisis Produktivitas Perusahaan .................................................. 60

3.5.5.

Hasil Analisis Produktivitas dan Usulan Peningkatan Produktivitas .. ......................................................................................................... 60

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN....................................61 4.1. Gambaran Umum Objek Penelitian ............................................................. 61 4.1.1.

Sejarah Singkat Perusahaan ............................................................ 61

4.1.2.

Bentuk Badan Hukum Perusahaan .................................................. 62

4.1.3.

Struktur Organisasi ......................................................................... 62

4.1.4.

Kegiatan Produksi Perusahaan ........................................................ 64

4.2. Produktivitas Parsial PT. PUMARIN .......................................................... 66

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4.2.1.

Produktivitas Parsial Tenaga Kerja, Modal, Material, dan Energi

Berdasarkan Rasio Output/Input ................................................................... 67 4.2.2.

Produktivitas Parsial Tenaga Kerja, Modal, Material, dan Energi

Berdasarkan Pendekatan Angka Indeks Model Mundel dan APC (American Productivity Center) ...................................................................................... 73 4.2.2.1.

Pendekatan Angka Indeks Model Mundel ............................... 74

4.2.2.2.

Pendekatan Angka Indeks Model APC ................................... 83

4.2.3.

Analisis Produktivitas Parsial Tenaga Kerja, Modal, Material, dan

Energi Dengan Metode Five Whys Kaoru Ishikawa ..................................... 94 4.3. Uji Beda Metode Pendekatan Angka Indeks Model Mundel dan APC (American Productivity Center) ............................................................................ 95 4.4. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian dan Hasil Uji Beda ....................................... 99 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................105 5.1. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 105 5.2.

Saran

106

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................107 LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ................................................................................108

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DAFTAR TABEL

1.1. Ikhtisar Keuangan .......................................................................................... 7 1.2. Produktivitas Total......................................................................................... 7 1.3. Produktivitas Parsial Tenaga kerja ................................................................ 8 1.4. Produktivitas Parsial Modal........................................................................... 8 1.5. Produktivitas Parsial Material ....................................................................... 9 1.6. Produktivitas Parsial Energi .......................................................................... 9 2.1. Ukuran Produktivitas ................................................................................... 23 2.2. Perbedaan antara Gejala, Penyebab, dan Akar Penyebab............................ 33 2.3. Metode Five Whys ....................................................................................... 34 3.1. Overasionalisasi Variabel ............................................................................ 53 4.1. Hasil Perhitungan Produktivitas .................................................................. 67 4.2. Produktivitas Parsial Tenaga kerja .............................................................. 68 4.3. Produktivitas Parsial Modal......................................................................... 69 4.4. Produktivitas Parsial Material ..................................................................... 71 4.5. Produktivitas Parsial Energi ........................................................................ 72 4.6. Hasil Perhitungan Indeks Produktivitas Model Mundel .............................. 83 4.7. Tingkat Perubahan Indeks Produktivitas Model Mundel ............................ 83 4.8. Hasil perhitungan Produktivitas Model APC .............................................. 89 4.9. Hasil Perhitungan indeks Produktivitas Model APC................................... 94 4.10. Penggunaan Metode Five Whys ................................................................... 95 xviii


4.11. Group Statistics ........................................................................................... 96 4.12. Independent Samples Test ........................................................................... 97 4.13. Perbandingan Indeks Produktivitas model Mundel dan APC ..................... 99

xix


DAFTAR GAMBAR

1.1. Grafik Tingkat Produktivitas Parsial ........................................................... 10 2.1. Skema Produktivitas .................................................................................... 26 2.2. Strategi Peningkatan Produktivitas dan Profitabilitas Perusahaan .............. 36 2.3. Kerangka Pemikiran .................................................................................... 46 3.1. Tahapan Analisis Produktivitas ................................................................... 57 4.1. Bagan Organisasi PT. PUMARIN ............................................................... 63 4.2. Grafik Perbandingan Indeks Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja ......................... 100 4.3. Grafik Perbandingan Indeks Produktivitas Modal .................................... 101 4.4. Grafik Perbandingan Indeks Produktivitas Material ................................. 102 4.5. Grafik Perbandingan Indeks Produktivitas Energi .................................... 103

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Administratif Lampiran 2 PT. PUMARIN Lampiran 3 Ikhtisar Keuangan Lampiran 4 Uji beda (Independent-Samples T Test) Lampiran 5 Catatan Bimbingan Lampiran 6 Riwayat Hidup

xxi


DAFTAR ISI. ABSTRAK... i. ABSTRACT... ii. KATA PENGANTAR... iii. UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH...v. DAFTAR ISI... viii. DAFTAR TABEL... xii. DAFTAR GAMBAR

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