CONTENTS DAFTAR ISI. Foreword... Kata Pengantar. Storrn Clouds Ancaman Baru. On the Ground...17 Kompleksitas Permasalahan

CONTENTS DAFTAR ISI

Foreword...

I

Kata Pengantar

Storrn

Clouds

.........

11

Ancaman Baru

Ground

On the

.......17

Kompleksitas Permasalahan

Taking

Off.............

....................25

Lahirnya Komite Nasional

TurbulentTimes..........

.............. 33

Kampanye Nasional

The Long

Hau|..........

................57

Solusi Jangka Panjang

Flying into the

Storm........

........67

Merespon Pandemi

Afterword.

'Akhir Kata

Komnas

FBP1...........

.....

.

...80

.................82

Di Balik Layar

Partners.....

.............86

Mitra Kerja

Annexes... Lampiran

..............88

FOREWORD KATA PENGANTAR

The global threat of avian influenza first emerged in the early part of the last decade. lndonesia soon became the epicenter in the fight against this deadly virus. The National Committee for Avlan lnfluenza Control and Pandemic lnfluenza Preparedness, Komnas FBPI, was formed to coordinate govern-

ment ministries as well as United Nation agencies

Di akhir dekade yang lalu, ancaman flu burung mulai merebak. Tidak lama kemudian, lndonesia menjadi pusat perhatian dunia terhadap peperangan melawan penyebaran virus ini. Komite Nasional Pengendalian Flu Burung dan Kesiapsiagaan Menghadapi Pandemi lnfluenza (Komnas FBPI) lahir untuk mengoordinasi kegiatan kementerian-kementerian terkait dan juga

and non-governmental organizations involved in the fight against bird flu.

berbagai mitra internasional yang terlibat.

There was no blueprint for how to tackle the problem. This was a global battle unlike any that had been

Kita tidak punya referensi karena perang terhadap flu burung tidak pernah kita alami sebelumnya. Bahkan para ahli, baik dari lndonesia, maupun dunia, berbeda

undertaken before. Even experts from lndonesia and the rest of the world had differing ideas of what should be conducted. As the debate went on, Komnas FBPI had to respond. The title of this book reflects the situation this fledgling organization found itself in: "Building an AirplaneWhile Flying ltl'

pendapat tentang kebijakan yang harus dilakukan. Komnas FBPI harus beraksi meskipun debat ilmiah tetap berlangsung. Judul buku ini merefleksikan konsep kerja institusi belia ini: " Building an Airplane While Flying it."

This book endeavors to highlight the work of Komnas FBPI during its four years of operation. Not all the activities done by Komnas and its partners can be Included, however it is hoped that the work highlighted will give the reader an overall picture of lndonesia's strategy in handling bird flu and later on a pandemic.

semua rincian kerja bersama para mitra dapat diwadahi, namun diharapkan pembaca dapat memahami garis besar strategi lndonesia mengendalikan flu burung, dan kemudian, merespon pandemi.

AburizalBakrie

Aburizal Bakrie

Head of KOMNAS FBPI

Ketua Komnas FBPI

Coordinating Minister for Peoplet Welfare

Menteri Koordinator Bidang

(20M-2009)

Keseiahteraan Rakyat t2004-2009)

FOREWORD

9

1

Building a Piere While FIy!nq lt

I (O&/I/AS f:Bn

2CA5

-

2010

Buku ini adalah refleksi kinerja Komnas FBPI selama

empat tahun masa pengabdiannya. Tentunya, tidak

ry

TheVirus Emerges

Awal Mula '1996.

Avian influenza or bird flu was first detected in A single goose in Guangdong province, China died of a virus identified as HSN1. A year later the first documented human case was identified in Hong Kong. By the end of the outbreak, six of the 18 people infected died and every single chicken, duck and bird on the island had been culled. Experts had hoped that the story would have ended there but the virus was detected again in December 2003, this time in South Korea. ln the following months it was detected in other Asian countries,

killing millions of birds. Vietnam and Thailand faced mounting human cases but nothing would compare to what was in store for lndonesia, the world's fourth most populous nation. lndonesia often had to deal with diseases in poultry and other domesticated animals. The outbreaks were handled on a case-by-case basis, not even a blip on the nation's radar screen. So when H5N1 emerged in Asia, there were a number of officials and animal health experts that actually played down the possibility that avian inf luenza had reached lndonesia's shores, saying that the country did not import chickens from infected countries like Vietnam, South Korea or Thailand and the country, being an archipelago, was well protected. That same year thousands of chickens died in Bali, initially officials said it was Newcastle disease, a highly contagious avian disease that is, however, not harmful to people.Theywould soon be proven wrong.

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Avian influenza atau flu burung pertama dideteksi di tahun 1996. Seekor angsa di Propinsi Guangdong, Cina . dinyatakan mati karena virus HSN1. Setahun

kemudian, korban manusia bermunculan

di

Hong

Kong. Sebelum akhirnya dapat dikendalikan, 6 dari 18 orang tertular meninggal dan semua ayam, bebek dan burung di kota pulau tersebut dimusnahkan. Para ahli berharap penyakit baru dan mematikan itu tidak menyebar luas. Namun terlambat. Beberapa kasus di

temukan lagidibulan Desember2003, kali inidi Korea Selatan. Kemudian beberapa negara Asia melaporkan kematian jutaan unggas. Vietnam dan Thailand mulai

mencatat kasus flu burung pada manusia dan peningkatan pesat jumlah korban terjadi di negara terpadat keempat di dunia: lndonesia. Penanganan penyakit bersumber hewan sudah rutin bagf

lndonesia. Namun belum pernah dalam sejarah, kasus

zoonosis harus ditangani semasif, dan mendapatkan perhatian seluas ini. Saat virus H5N1 merebak diAsia. beberapa ahli kesehatan manusia dan hewan menganggap ancaman tersebut tidak akan sampai ke lndonesia karena negeri ini tidak mengimpor daging unggas dari negara-negara terinfeksi tersebut. Tetapi kenyataan berbicara lain, ribuan ayam di mati mendadak mati karena flu burung, wabah awalnya dikira tetelo (Newcastle Disease), unggas yang dianggap tidak berbahaya,

':r

Heaith wcrkers exain ne a patient sLrsp,^ciec1 of carry nc the H5l\1 v rus. Anr vira s were the drug of cho ce bL-lt ne-.ded ro be given v/lih n 48 hours. Pet u ga s k e s e h a tan nrenr--ilksa pasien terduga f'lu burung. Pernberiart antivtrai hanya akan efe ktif apab la cliberi ka n tla larl kurun waktu.48 jan. t

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@ Gountries affected by the H5N1 virus

Negara yang mencatat penularan H5N1

I I

I I

Countries with humans, poultry and wild birds killed by H5N'1, Countries with poultry orwild birds killed by HSN1.

Negara dengan kasus flu burung pada manusia, unggas dan burung liar

Negara dengan kasus flu burung pada unggas dan burung liar

TheVirus Spreads

Penyebaran Virus

ln early 2004, the government officially confirmed

Di awal 2004, pemerintah resmi mengumumkan aviar

that cases of avian influenza has been detected. The infected poultry was identified in Pekalongan in the heart of CentralJava.The Health Ministry deslgnated hospitals in high risk areas to deal with any suspected human cases. lt wasn't long before suspected patients would fill isolation wards.

influenza telah ditemukan di lndonesia. Banyal unggas sakit ditemukan di Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah Departemen Kesehatan menyiapkan rumah sakit rujuk an di berbagai wilayah berkategori resiko tinggi. Dalan waktu singkat, pasien-pasien yang diduga terjangki (suspek), mulai berdatangan ke dokter untuk meme riksakan diri. Sebagian terpaksa dirawat di ruang isolasi.

ln July 2005, a 38-year-old father from a Jakarta suburb became the first laboratory confirmed case. His two daughters also died, but HSN'l could not be confirmed. An investigation could not determine where or how the victim contracted the virus. Cases quickly began to mount. Hundreds of thousands of poultry had died of the vlrus. lndonesia was fast be-

coming the center of the storm with onlyVietnam having reported more human cases.

Di bulan Juli 2005, seorang bapak berusia 38 tahur tercatat sebagai kasus positif pertama flu burung pad manusia. Kedua putrinya meninggal dunia sebelun

sempat diteliti penyebab kematiannya. Sebuah

pe

nyelidikan epidemiologi dilakukan, namun asal-usu penularan masih belum dapat disimpulkan.

Kasus mulai bertambah. Ratusan ribu unggas kemM mati karena flu burung. lndonesia dengan cepat men

catat banyak kasus baru, menyusul Vietnam yang saa itu memiliki lebih banyak korban.

STORM CLOUDS GATHER '!4 I Bullding a Plane While Flying lt / (OM,\IAS {:Bpl 2CC5 - 2010

ffi Doctors examine a chest x-ray

to determine if a bird f u pat ent s responding to lreatment. Seatdng dal Let mpngonolsd ho -;l pemeltl badn silat ultra t,olet seorang pasien flu burung.

E A young girl s kept n an iso ation ward at a hospital in Bandung, West Java.

Seorang gadis keal dtrawat di ruang isalasi di sebuah rumah sakit di Bandung, Jawa Barat.

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lndonesia's Challenge Trying to stop the spread of avian influenza is vastly different from trying to control most other diseases where the focus is purely on human victims. Here poultry is at the root of the problem and Indonesia is home to millions of backyard farmers. ln addition,

many families are economically dependent on the commercial poultry industry which is valued in excess of US$ 6 billion ayear; employs some 10 million people; and for many more domestic poultry owners, especially in rural areas, is a key source of food and income. Free range poultry are found not only in rural villages but also in cities and towns and the prized "ayam kampung'j the local free range chicken, is considered the tastiest of all.

The boom in backyard farming began in the mid 1980's. This was a time when most lndonesians con-

sumed less protein than others in the region. The government began promoting the raising of poultry to help counteract the problem and provide fresh chicken and eggs for children and adults alike. There was little concern for food safety issues at this time and no-one could predict a virus as virulent as H5N1. But raising poultry is only a part of the problem. The powerful H5N1 virus can spread during transportation, while it's being sold at the market or during the slaughtering and cooking process. Other related industries also pose the same threats. Feathers used for making shuttlecocks and the processing of chicken manure for

fertilizers also exposed the virus to workers and there

few controls over these informal industries.

ONTHE GROUND 18 / Building a Plane While Flying lt I {OMIJAS f 8fl 2005 2A10

Tantangan di Depan Mata Pengendalian flu burung tak dapat dibandi dengan penanganan penyakit menular lainnya, ya

kebanyakan berfokus pada penanganan pasi lndonesia punya jutaan peternak kecil, kelom penting dalam perang melawan H5N1. Jutaan tangga menggantungkan penghasilannya dari unggas yang ditaksir bernilai lebih sekitar Rp 60 tri per tahun dan memekerjakan sekitar 10 juta

Peternakan "rumahan" tidak saja dipraktekkan pedesaan, namun iuga di kota-kota besar. M memelihara ayam kampung, jenis ayam paling konsumen, di halaman rumah mereka. Merebaknya peternakan rumahan diperkirakan

di pertengahan dekade 1980an, saat pemeri saat itu merasa bahwa tingkat konsumsi pr penduduk lndonesia masih rendah" Promosi nya memelihara ternak dan juga menanam dilakukan sebagai solusi. Pada masa itu, an

kesehatan makanan tidak signifikan dan tidak yang menyangka bahwa virus H5N1 dapat seganas sekarang ini. Pemeliharaan unggas rumahan bukan sal kendala dalam mengendalikan flu burung. Virus tersebut mudah menyebar lewat transportasi

terutama saat pengiriman dari peternak

ke

Kemudian dapat menular saat menyembelih atau nyiapkan masakan. lndustri berbasis produk u lainnya juga berpotensi menularkan virus. M pembuatan kok bulu tangkis atau pembuatan dari kotoran unggas.

I A typical backyard farmer. This man raises both ducks and chickens in an effort to augment his family's income. Seorang peternak rumahan yang memelihara ayam dan bebek u ntu

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I M nister Aburizal Bakrie and Health Minister Siti Fadi lah Supari visit a suspected b rd flu victim in Karo, North Sumatra. Menkokesra Aburizal Bakrte dan Menkes Siti Fadillah Supari mengunjungi pasien terduga flu burung di Karo, Sumatra Utara.

I A man ho ds a prized rooster at a traditional market. At the start of the outbreak few understood the risks nvolved in handling poultry. Seorang pria memegang ayam

jago aduannya di sebuah pasar tradisional. Pada awal mula flu burung, hanya sedikit orang yang mengerti cara menangani unggas dengan benar.

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ONTHE GROUND

I Birds are popular pets in lndonesia and are sold in markets, malls and public streets. Burung adalah peliharaan populer di lndonesia dan dijual bebas di berbagai pasa| pusat perbelanjaan dan di kaki lima.

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I A woman sells prize breeding roosters at a local market in Central Java Seorang ibu menjual ayam iago aduan di sebuah pasar di Jawa Tengah.

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ONTHE GROUND

.rh

tt Many lndonesians treat poultry as a pet and a rare breed is a prized possession.

Banyak orang lndonesia memperlakukan unggas sebagai hewan kesayangan.

The challenges also involved strengthening surveillance both in the human and animal world, restructuring the poultry trade which was deemed unhealthy, restructuring wet markets, regulating transportation and the biggest challenge of all, changing behavior. ln addition, there were few animal experts to deal with the problem. lndonesia had only 1,500 trained veterinarians and most were based in large cities.

perhatikan penguatan pelacakan baik di kesehatan manusia maupun hewan. Program antiflu burung juga merestrukturisasi perdagangan unggas yang tidak sehat, menyempurnakan pasar unggas dan tradisional, meregulasi transportasi unggas dan yang paling menantang: mengubah perilaku. Tenaga kesehatan hewan yang tersedia juga sangat terbatas. hanya

Changing the way people deal with poultry became

a major issue. Many lndonesians consider poultry as their pets and a rare breed a prized possession and in some areas cockfighting was still a popular

sekitar 1.500 dokter hewan yang bertugas di lndonesia. Mengubah cara manusia berinteraksi dengan unggas bukan perkara mudah. Banyak penduduk lndonesia menganggap unggas adalah peliharaan berharga dan bahkan diperlakukan sebagai bibit unggul petarung, di

komunitas-komunitas yang masih melanggengkan adu ayam.

pastime. It quickly became clear that Al was not only a health issue but involved working closely with the agriculture ministry's as well as others such as transportation, trade and education. ln the case of a pandemic every single ministry would need to be involved.

Jelas sudah bahwa flu burung bukan sekedar masalah kesehatan, harus ditangani secara terlntegrasi antara Departemen Pertanian, Perhubungan, Perdagangan,

dan Pendidikan. Bahkan dalam konteks pandemi influenza, semua kementerian harus terlibat.

Coordinating these ministries became a top priority.

Mengkoordinasikan berbagai kementerian menjadi prioritas utama.

ONTHE GROUND 23 / Building a Plane While Flying lt I KOI\,1|'/AS F?fl 2A05

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The Birth of Komnas FBPI

Lahirnya Komnas FBPI

On March 13, 2006, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono issued a decree that formally launched

Tanggal 13 Maret 2006. Pada hari itu Presiden

Komnas FBPI, a ministerial-level committee, headed by the Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare '14 memAburizal Bakrle.The committee consists of bers, including all Ministers directly involved in com-

aturan presiden yang melahirkan Komnas FBPI, buah komrte beranggotakan menteri dan d Menteri Koordinator Bidang Kesejahteraan (Menkokesra). Komnas FBPI beranggotakan menteri ditambah dengan panglimaTentara Nasi

bating the H5N1 virus, the Chief Commander of the lndonesian National Army, the Head of the lndonesian Police, and the Chairman of the lndonesian Red Cross. Bayu Krisnamurthi was to serve as Secretary and Chief Executive of Komnas FBPI and tasked to manage its day-to-day operations, while Dr. EmilAugustiono andTri Satya Putri Naipopos, a senior veteri-

Bambang Yudhoyono menerbitkan sebuah

lndonesia (TNl), kepala Kepollsian Republik (Kapolri) dan ketua Palang Merah lndonesla

Dr. Bayu Krisnamurthi, deputi menteri bida

n

k

g perekonomian, dipercaya sebagai

ketua pelaksana harian berikut Dr. Emil Agusti dan Dr.Tri Satya Putri Naipospos sebagai deputintp-

narian, would serve as dePuties.

Komnas FBPI was to be advised by a panel of experts and also consult with the key animal and hu-

Sebuah panel ahli beranggotakan para ilmuwan bagai kalangan dibentuk untuk memberikan kepada Komnas FBPI. Asosiasi profesi dan industi

man health professional associations in lndonesia'

disertakan dalam berbagai konsultasi.

The committee's day-to-day works would be undertaken by a secretariat established near the Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare's office. More than a dozen full time staff, including some senior retired officials who still maintain strong ties in their respective ministries, backed the secretariat. One of the main functions of the secretariat is to facilitate the flow of information between government agencies and to distribute the latest information and data to the publlc and news outlets through its media and information center.

TAKING OFF ?6 i B!ilClnq a Flane While Flyrng lr I (rMlJAS f 8?l 2405'2010

Kinerja Komnas FBPI dimotori sebuah

yang berlokasi strategis, dekat dengan Menkokesra dan lstana Negara. Didukung lebih dari 15 staf, termasuk para pejabat tingEi sudah purnatugas. Salah satu nadi kerja sekretariat ialah pusat dan informasi, memfasilitasi arus informasi lembaga pemerintah dan mendistribusikan informasi terkini kepada publik dan media.

t, On March 13, 2006, President Susilo BambangYudhoyono issued a decree that formally launched Komnas FBPI.

Tanggal '13 Maret 2006, Presiden Susilo BambangYudhoyono menerbitkan sebuah peraturan presiden yang melahirkan Komnas FBPI'.'

It soon became clear that one of Komnas'

Komnas FBPI menghadapi tugas penting: meyakinkan semua orang dan kementerian yang terlibat memliki visi yang sama dan menyepakati langkah yang diperlukan untuk menangani flu burung, mulai dari

major tasks was to make sure everyone was on the same page so that all ministries would have one vision and agree on how to tackle the problem from village level to the capital.

"Much of our time is actually spent ensuring that government officials understand the great danger of this disease," said Bayu Krisnamurthi, who is also a seasoned economist, specializing in agronomics. This was a huge challenge for the young institution.

Agriculture and animal health officials debated on which measure to focus on: stamping out or vaccination? While medical experts were debating whether the virus had mutated and could now spread rapidly throughout the country.

tingkat desa sampai ibukota. "Banyak waktu yang kami habiskan untuk meyakinkan

semua aparat pemerintahan agar paham bahaya flu burung," ujar Dr. Bayu Krisnamurthi, ekonom yang ahli dalam bidang pangan dan pertanian. Tantangan besar bagi organisasi baru tersebut. Debat ilmiah yang berkepanjangan senantiasa mewarnai perumusan kebijakan, seperti pada masalah pemusnahan

masal atau vaksinasi unggas. Sementara di bidang kesehatan manusia, para ilmuwan beradu argumen tentang apakah virus sudah bermutasi atau belum.

Outbreak

Wabah Merebak

Even before the committee could formally open its doors, and with a skeleton staff, it was put to the test. A major avian influenza outbreak occurred that

Ujian sudah datang dari hari-hari pertama Komnas FBPI lahir. Sebelum Komnas FBPI beroperasi penuh, sebu6h kasus besar merebak, menjadi pusat perhatian

grabbed international headlines.

media seluruh dunia.

At the end of April in Karo, a remote area of North

Pada akhir April 2006, di sebuah lokasi terpencil di Sumatra Utara, di Karo, delapan orang dinyatakan terinfeksi flu burung. Tujuh dari mereka meninggal dunia. Kasus ini kemudian dikenal sebagai kasus kluster flu

Sumatra, eight members of one family fell ill; it is believed that seven died from bird flu. lt became the Iargest human cluster of avian influenza in the world. A lack of information about this new disease, led to a demonstration in the provincial capital. Medan, and confusion among local officials.

TAKING OFF 27 1 Bulldrns a irlere while rvins l1/ (sM,\lAs FEI:l 2005 . ;'.010

burung terbesar di dunia. Salah persepsi memicu berbagai protes dari warga, termasuk di ibukota provinsi, Medan, dan banyak pejabat pemerintah daerah bingung.

The media was also unsure of how to report this outbreak. Was thls the start of a deadly pandemic or a local outbreak that could be easily contained? Even international experts could not predict the outcome'

Apakah ini yang pertanda awal pandemi influ atau hanya kejadian lokal yang akan dengan ditangani? Spekulasi pun berputar di kalangan ahli

Komnas sent a technical team to the field and within days Deputy Chairman Bayu Krisnamurthi and

Pemerintah lndonesia bergerak cepat. Dalam singkat, Dr. Bayu Krisnamurthi dan Dr. Emil sudah berada di lapangan, mengawasi ketat kembangan dan mengkoordinir petugas lokal bantuan internasional. Kebijakan apapun yang putuskan akan memiliki dampak luas. Dalam

Dr. Emil Augustiono, second in command, were on the ground coordinating with local and international officials. The issue was a sensitive one and the decisions made would have far reaching effects' ln a closed-door meeting Komnas sat down with provincial leaders to discuss what steps needed to be taken to control the situation. Local officials feared more public unrest. Already in Karo residents were resisting scientific investigations by international experts. The poultry industry was also concerned about the long-term economic impact the outbreak would have. They too reached out to Komnas for advice

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I

sehatan internasional tentang skala Kasus Karo.

pertemuan, pejabat Komnas FBPI mendl dengan pejabat pemerintah daerah tentang

langkah yang diambil. Para pejabat daerah khawatirkan resistensi masyarakat apabila kebi tidak memihak rakyat. Di Karo, penduduk me tegas pemeriksaan yang dilakukan oleh para internasional. Pelaku usaha juga khawatir. pun aktif berkonsultasi dengan Komnas FBPI-

The government decided to set up a multi-sectoral command post. Led by Minister Bakrie's adviser, Dr. Rizal Malarangeng, the post made sure that all the necessary steps were taken to respond to the

Pemerintah lndonesia kemudian memutuskan dirikan pos komando multisektoral. Dipimpin ole*t ahli Menkokesra, Dr. Rizal Malarangeng, posko iri mastikan bahwa semua kebijakan yang disepakati

outbreak.

laksana di lapangan.

By the end of the day, a town hall meeting was arranged to inform residents about the dangers of bird flu and to put a halt to the rumors that had been spreading. A seminar was also arranged for the media so they could help get the right information out to the public and a compensation scheme was launched to make sure farmers culled their infected poultry.

Saat kekhawatiran mereda, sosialisasi untuk memberikan informasi bahaya flu burung menghentikan isu-isu sumir dan meresahkan beredar. Sebuah seminar diselenggarakan

As for the poultry industry it was clear that longterm solutions needed to be put into place. There

Kalangan pengusaha ternak kini paham bahvm bijakan jangka panjang sangat diperlukan.

was no overnight solution to the decades-long practices of backyard poultry farming, transportation and market sales.

mengerti bahwa keputusan sesaat, tak

bekerjasama dengan media dalam m informasi. Skema kompensasi bagi peternak

The dire predictions of Karo becoming the epicenter of a global pandemic did not materialize. But Karo served

as a warning for Komnas that there was no time to just sit back and plan. This was a time to take action.

unggasnya dimusnahkan pun diumumkan.

memecahkan dampak flu burung pada bidang ternakan, transportasi dan pemasaran unggasPrediksl banyak kalangan bahwa Karo dapat

episenter pandemi influenza,

selalu proaktif dan agresif. Tiba saatnya FBPI beraksi.

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tak terjadi.

Peristiwa Karo ialah peringatan bagi Komnas

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A woman protests culling act vlt es n Nofth Sumatra, not beevlng that poultry killed a famiy in the nearby v llage of Karo.

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Seorang wanita memprotes pemusnahan unggas massal di Sumatra Utara dan tidak p-.r6sy2 bahwa bahwa flu burung merenggut nyawa manusia di Karo.

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Battling the virus

Perang Melawan Virus

ln August 2006 a second cluster was identified. This time in Garut, West Java, in the highly populated province of West Java. Nineteen people were confirmed to have contracted the HsN1 virus and 5 of them died. Komnas FBPI again sent a team into the district to help

Agustus 2006. Kluster terbesar kasus flu burung manusia ditemukan. Kali ini di Garut, Jawa Sebanyak 19 orang positif terinfeksi virus HSN1.

organize the response.

diantaranya menlnggal dunia. Komnas FBPI mengirim tim untuk mengoordinasi respon kasus tersebut. Pascagarut, kasus manusia

flu infections with more human deaths than any other

Dan di pertengahan tahun 2006, lndonesia umumkan kasus ke 43-nya, melewati jumlah kasus Vietnam, Sejak itu, lndonesia menjadi

country in the world.

dengan kasus dan kematian f lu burung terbanyakdi

This global threat meant that international agencies were fast becoming involved. Komnas FBPI worked with more than a dozen NGO's, non governmental organizations and United Nations bodies, including FAO, the Food and Agriculture Organization, WHO the World Health Organization and UNICEF the UN Chil-

Sejak flu burung dinyatakan ancaman global,

In mid 2006, lndonesia recorded its 43rd human fatality,

surpassing Vietnam. lt was now the epicenter of bird

dren's Fund which supported communication activities. These agencies were then coordinated by UNSIC the UN System lnfluenza Coordinating Body under the

bantuan dunia dan organisasi internasional tangan. Komnas FBPI menjalin kerja saha berbagai lembaga swadaya masyarakat, Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa seperti Organisasi Dunia (FAO), Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHOD Badan PBB untuk Dana Kesejahteraan Anak Pelbagai organisasi ini dikoordinir oleh UN lnfluenza Coordinator yang dipimpin Dr. David

leadership of Dr. David Nabarro.

Gaining control over the fast moving virus required a multi-structured approach. This included restructuring the poultry industry, market and slaughtering practices. Strong veterinary services and the legal framework from national to district level were also key factors. But many of these solutions would take time to implement and required support from all sectors. To achieve these goals Komnas FBPI with support from UNICEF began developing a communication strategy. But the clock was ticking and there was little time to spare.

TURBULENTTIMES 34 /3u,.cing: t'.ane',^"/r :'i:y.rg

lrl

(OAr;\rl,S irj'r't 2305.?rl0

Pengendalian penyebaran virus flu burung ber- bagai pendekatan, antara lain: industri perunggasan. Penguatan sistem hewan serta tersedianya peraturan dari mulai sampai daerah sangat penting dilakukan. Kegi kegiatan ini tak akan berarti apabila tidak di oleh para pelaku yang terlibat. Komnas FBPI,

sama dengan UNICEE mengembangkan kom

un

i

kasi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran

melancarkan advokasi ke berbagai institusi terkail

T UNSIC Chief Dr. David Nabarro

tours a bird flu referral hospital in Jakarta, accompanles by Dr Agung Sutiyoso and Bayu

Krisnamurthi. Pejabat UNSIC Dr. David Nabarro meninjau kesiapan rumah sakit di Jakarta, didampingi oleh Bayu Krisnamurthi dan direktur Bumah Sakit Persahabatan Dr. Agung Sutiyaso.

I Wrdespread outbreaks led to culling in many districts.

Meluasnya wabah flu burung mema ksa terjadinya pem usnahan unggas

'rr. r'q ,::*l+:-i-:.:,i:.11.!-:

TURBULENTTIMES S$

I

BuilCrn0 a Fia::e WLile iliylnq ll

I ({]MIJAS f Bn 2rA5 2r1l)

EI Bepresentat ves from the Japanese Embassy, KOMNAS FBPI and UNICEF kick off the campa gn. Perwakilan Kedutaan Besar Jepang, Komnas FBPI dan UNICEF meluncurkan ka mpa nye Ta nggap F I u B uru ng

*SFfu i ''rt, #-

$i Ce ebrity Mohammad Farhan te s a father and son not to

touch slck or dead chickens. Humor was an effective tool the first PSAS.

ll "i: p';:iii ':-de: +' !

ln

e

Artis Muhammad Farhan menganlurkan agar hindari n1e nyentuh ayam sakit ataLi meti. lklan layanan masyarakat yang lucu sangat efektif ditenma masyarakat.

TIL

Fi El l.-l t-lE ilJl

i

l'll

lt,x L:::-,

,, "lt was critical that the messages included the latest information about the virusi'

"Sangatlah penting pesan-pesan yang di-sampaikan berdasarkan temuan ilmiah terkini tentang virusi'

The Gampaign

Kampanye Publik

The Chairman of Komnas, Aburizal Bakrie was to approve the communication strategy and a meeting was set up at the Coordinating Minister's office. A detailed plan was presented. Ninety percent was approved but the minister wanted to make sure all lead ministries were on board. He gave the Komnas FBPI-UNICEF joint team 72 hours to gain approval not only from government ministries but also from UN agencies. This wasn't an easy task. Usually it would take weeks, if not months. to get the thumbs up from all concerned. ln addition. a key official was in Singapore attending an international bird flu meeting. Following a flurry of SMS text messages and phone calls. One by one senior officials from UN agencies were contacted and a meeting was set up to present the materials. lt was critical that the messages provided the latest information about the virus and technical input was accurate. Next, the Health Ministry. By now there was less than 24 hours before the Ministers' deadline.The Health officials met the team at a Jakarta hospital during a seminar. Finally with just hours to go before the meeting with the coordinating minister, the agriculture ministry officials arrived back in Jakarta and quickly reviewed

Ketua Komnas FBPI saat itu, Aburizal Bakrie meng-

evaluasi rencana kegiatan komunikasi tersebut sebelum menyetujuinya. Sebuah rapat diadakan di kantor Menkokesra. Presentasi rencana secara detil dilakukan. Menkokesra menyetujui 99 persen rencana kegiatan, namun ingin mendapatkan persetujuan

departemen yang terkait dengan program antiflu burung, termasuk badan-badan PBB yang terlibat. Tim Komnas FBPI dan UNICEF harus mendapatkan persetujuan tersebut dalam waktu tiga hari. Waktu yang sangat sempit, mengingat umumnya, persetujuan bersama memerlukan waktu berbulan-bulan. Ditambah, beberapa pejabat kunci dari kementerian tersebut

sedang bertugas di luar negeri. Berpuluh pesan singkat lewat telepon genggam disebarkan, termasuk mengubungi dan mendatangi langsung pejabat-pejabat yang berwenang. Masukan juga dihimpun karena sangat penting untuk memastikan pesan yang akan disampaikan ke publik adalah informasi ilmiah terkini" Dalam waktu kurang dari satu hari sebelum tenggat waktu, Departemen Kesehatan akhirnya memberikan dukungan. Begitu juga Departemen Pertanian, yang

pejabatnya baru mendarat di Jakarta setelah pulang

the material.

dinas luar negeri.

Now with everyone signed off it was back to Mr. Bakrie s office. Following a close review he approved all the ma-

Setelah mendapat persetujuan, proposal kembali dipresentasikan. Setelah kembali mengkaji isi usulan-

terials and the team was set to spread key messages that could save lives.

usulan yang disusun disetujui, dan mendorong pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut agar didukung semua pihak.

TURBULENTTIMES 37 I BrildlnU a Plane Whrle i'iying ll / (OMlJrS ,8Pl 2AA5 ' 2A10

I

GG[P

The "hand" messages were adapted and sPread to schools, health centers and public Places nationwide.

IIITIPITGT8[[

Pesan-pesan TanggaP Flu Burung disebarkan lewat poster dan stiker ke sekolah, puskesmas, dan tempat umum.

Pisqhkcn urggae dari

mssio. Don jugra pisahka unggns baru dari unggqs ldno selanra 2 minggu.

l*n$En s*ntEh unsgai yrnf flk& *eu mUCu.i Fekai sabuh dm pemlaun mamkAn&-

tangan

PimlC(ffi sESs

dari

ffinuda,

Petiklrr€r dlrl ilka ada gejah flu & demm seelah bard.katr dGqgs uru8il"

On September 1, 2006 the campaign was launched. The goal was two-fold. One, to raise awareness among the general public about this new issue and to show people how to reduce their risk of catching the virus and two, to motivate local authorities to be open to change centuries old poultry raising practices.

Pada tanggal 1 September 2006, kampanye

antiflu burung diluncurkan. Tujuannya: pertama, ningkatkan pemahaman publik dan me pesan-pesan pencegahan, dan kedua,

pemerintah daerah untuk turut mencari solusi baik dalam mengelola peternakan yang sehat aman.

Komnas FBPI then set up a communication working group.The aim was to coordinate all media relations and public awareness activities. The health and agriculture ministrles had begun to disseminate some information and by this time, international funding began pouring into lndonesia both directly and through UN agencies, international partners and NGO's. The USAID{unded

Komnas FBPI kemudian membentuk sebuah

kerja komunikasi untuk mengoordinasikan kegiatan sosialisasi dan publikasi ke media.

masing departemen, kesehatan

dan

terutama, sudah memulai kampanye mereka masing dan pada saat yang bersamaan,

Community Based Avian lnfluenza Control (CBAIC) and the United Nations' FAO quickly became the lead agencies for the poultry- related information and UNICEF would support the government with the nationwide

internasional berdatangan ke lndonesia

public awareness campaign.

dengan

dan

kan melalui badan-badan PBB, mitra internasional ' lembaga swadaya masyarakat. CBAIC, yang didand USAID, dan FAO menjadilembaga komunikasi

target kelompok peternakan,

UNICEF mendukung kampanye nasional masyarakat umum.

TURBULENTTIMES

** I llrilrjlrl r Fli:n*!\liil*

llying ll

I t?,'il}AS rSfl 2rr5 '2C1,

.:l

One of the key messages, washing hands before mea s,

went

up from 37%

ta 68%

among school chi dren. Angka praktik mencuci tangan dengan sabun sebelum makan diantara siswa sekolah meningkat dari 37 persen ke 68 pesen.

a_

I

rr t :

s-:,

Spreading the Message

Menyebarluaskan Pesan

The program quickly led to a myriad of activities aimed at mobilizing communities in the bird flu battle. They included the PDSR program in which FAO, working with

Seluruh program komunikasi dilancarkan untuk mendukung kegiatan besar memobilisasi masyarakat memerangi flu burung. Salah satu contohnya ialah program PDSR (Participatory Disease Surveillance and Response) yang dilahirkan Departemen Pertanian,

the Ministry of Agriculture and local Governments, established a village level Participatory Disease Surveillance and Response system. CBAIC, Community Based

FAO, dan pemerintah daerah. CBAIC menopang

Avian lnfluenza Control, was in charge of the communication aspect of the program and worked with Komnas

baru ini bersama Komnas FBPI dengan mengemas pesan-pesan yang sesuai dan konsisten untuk kelorn

to ensure consistency in public messages.

pok masyarakat peternak dan pedagang unggas.

CBAIC expanded community-level capacity in animal

CBAIC meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat dalam pe

and human surveillance and response to more than 27,000 different villages across the western half of the country through a series of trainings that taught local volunteers and coordinators what to do in the event of an outbreak and how to protect their communities. This was accomplished through close collaboration with two local partners: lndonesian Red Cross and Muhammadiyah, whose existing community-based networks and resources facilitated training and dis-

ngawasan dan respon terhadap kesehatan manusia dan hewan. Lebih dari 27.000 desa di bagian barat lndonesia

sistem

telah memiliki relawan terlatih yang mumpuni dalam menyikapi penyakit dan melindungi warga dari ancaman

ini sukses terlaksana berkat dukungan Muhammadiyah dan PMl. Kedua lembaga ini memfasilitasi pelatihan penyebaran

penyakit tersebut. Program

pesan pencegahan flu burung ke kelompok-kelompok yang masuk dalam jejaring mereka.

semination of key messages to reduce the risk of Al transmission between animals and humans.

PDSR membantu mendeteksi, melaporkan dan The PDSR program involved training officers to detect, report and respond to any bird flu outbreak.The program

also involved working in communities to mobilize their resources to help prevent outbreaks in therr villages.

I Two PDSR officers use GPS technology during a survelllance exercise. The information is used to map Al control and response activities. Dua orang petugas PDSR menggunakan GPS dalam melakukan surveilans. lnformasi lokasi yang d ikumpu I ka n digu nakan u ntuk memetakan pengendalian avian influenza.

TURBULENTTIMES

merespon setiap wabah flu burung, termasuk mengi galang kekuatan masyarakat untuk secara mandiri menangani kasus flu burung di wilayah mereka sendir-l-

I A man calls for help after finding a dead chicken. The PSA produced by CBAIC tackled the issue of proper disposal of dead birds. Seorang pria melaporkan ayam mati di lingkungannya, lklan I aya n a n m a sya ra kat p rod u ks i CBAI C memfokuskan pesan "kubur" dan "bakar'.'

TURBULENTTIMES

I The Al kit is launched inWest Java. Some 100,000 kits would be used in villages across the

country.

Paket Pencegahan Flu Burung diluncurkan di Jawa Barat. Sebanyak 100 ribu paket disebarkan ke seluruh lndonesia.

I A booklet with lslamic hygiene teachings is used by preachers to spread key messages. Buku panduan ajaran lslam tentang kebersihan diri digunakan oleh para ulama seluruh lndonesia.

Komnas also worked together with UNICEF to develop the Avian lnfluenza kit. Each Al kit included a

I

mask, gloves, soap, educational materials and videos about bird flu prevention plus a giant banner that each village can put up to remind people that keeping clean prevents bird flu. Some 100,000 kits were

Muhammadiyah volunteers help local communities to take action against bird flu. Para relawan Muhammadiyah membantu masyarakat meru muskan aksiaksi tanggap f lu

burung.

-

Komnas FBPI bekerjasama dengan UNICEF meluncurkan ide untuk memproduksi Paket T Flu Burung (Al Kit). Setiap paket berisi masker,

tangan, sabun dan materi edukasi dan video an flu burung, plus sebuah spanduk untuk

Sulawesi and Bali. Another 80,000 were reproduced the following year. Some provinces and district administrations reproduced the kits with their own budgets.

setiap pemukiman warga yang sudah tanggapbanyak '100 ribu paket disebarkan ke seluruh Sumatra, Sulawesi dan Bali. Di tahun berik 80 ribu paket diproduksi kembali dan disebarkan desa-desa yang belum menerima. Beberapa prui

This program worked hand in hand with village level

dan kabupaten/kota menduplikasi paket tersebri mereproduksinya dengan inisiatif mereka sendin.

distributed to high risk areas in Java, Sumatra,

activities that helped get people involved in finding solutions to the problem. These ranged from communal chicken farming projects to local laws that banned free range poultry. Communities took charge of therr own programs and developed songs and dances to spread the life saving messages to their neighbors.

Program ini melengkapi berbagai program

yang berbasis masyarakat desa dalam masalah flu burung. Mulai dari inisiatif me kandang bersama sampai dengan mendorong peraturan desa melarang ayam berkeliaran di an. Masyarakatlah yang mengawasi kegtatan sendiri sambil menciptakan materi kreatif seper[

Komnas also supported communication activities not

dan tarian yang berisi pesan-pesan pencegahan.

only among commun;ties but also within religious groups. ln 2007, the South Sulawesi chapter of the Ulema Council developed an Al booklet based on lslamic teachings to support the Al program. lt includes age old advice on hygiene, separating poultry and washing hands. The booklet was used during Friday sermons and has been approved by the National Ulema Council and Ministry of Religious Affairs for nationwide distribution.

Komnas FBPI juga menggandeng pemuka

untuk mendukung kampanyenya. Di tahun Majelis Ulama Indonesia Sulawesi Selatan kan sebuah buku saku Pencegahan Penyakit Flu

dalamTinjauan lslam. Buku tersebut merangkum Al Our'an dan hadits nabitentang pentingnya an diri dan penanganan unggas yang bersih dan

Buku saku tersebut digunakan sebagai bahan jumat dan tarawih. MUI pusat dan Departemen

telah mendorong penggunaan dan penyebarar: tersebut ke seluruh lndonesia.

TURBULENTTIMES 4& I 8L;rlrjrng a Plan* While iiylnq it I {Al';ltAS f Epl 20C5 - 2r:,

I A community show about bird flu includes a song about the importance of washing hands and keeping your chickens caged. Kesenian rakyat juga menpesa n pe ncegahan sepefti mencuci tangan dan mengandangkan ayam peliharaan. nya m pa i ka n pesa

*;iiiil;r' , !'i+i:rlil .,r:il:tsl:. '. -:-,4 . -L. ' 15.'El

TURBULENTTIMES 4? I **llCin* a Pl;r* Whlle

|;llir; lt I ,(ttllirlS i:$f l 2rr5

- 2{}'1,

:nai

I A local leader tries out a public hand washing facility built by the community in West Java. Seorang tokoh masyarakat mencoba tempat pencucian tangan umum yang dibangun masyarakat di Jawa Barat.

I

,'\i\i

Residents map out where poul try is kept in their village before relocating their chicken coops.

\\ )\\\ .-. 't \ )\ t\\' --/ \ f:. \."'{

;'

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Para warga memetakan penyebaran unggas di desa mereka sebelum membangun kandang ayam kolektif.

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I Washing hands at school is reinforced in the communlty. Praktek cuci tangan di sekolah juga dibiasakan di lingkungan masvarakat.

TURBULENTTIMES 4$ 1 Burlciinq s P,sn{, Wlric ilyrn*

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/ {tMtr,ls f 8fi

2CC5"

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I

Panduan Pengajaran Siswa

An elementarY schoolboY in Papua gets the message when his teacher hands out Al stlckers. The teachers guide exPlains how to present the Al school kit

TANGGAP

FLU BURUNG

in the classroom.

Tangan kira pencegah flu burung

Seorang siswa di PaPua belaiar pesan tangga7 flu burung dari stiker Yang diberikan gurunYa. Panduan untuk guru mengaiar flu burung di kelas mereka.

@@ffi Solnlu crc,6.qan

&nHn sabun

UF*nn Pda d'nq E gurrlPrl RTAoPara {]d

@@ffi Siswa Tanggap Flu Burung

School Kits One of the most successful proiects was the Al school campaign that was launched in Mojokerto, East Java in 2007 ln the following months 70,000 kits were disEach school received a variety of educational tools including a DVD, flip charl, stickers, a school banner and teacher's guide that were speclally developed us"Balaj Bajuri'I ing characters from a popular localW series

tributed.

A short cartoon and public service advertisements

also

aired on several stations.Teachers also developed curricu-

lum, art projects and dramas and other activities to compliment the Program.

"Some 40 per cent of all victims are children' That's why it is so important that they learn how to protect themselvesj' said Komnas FBPI Chief Executive Bayu Krisnamurthi. "This bird flu virus will be with us for some time, so we must integrate life-saving bird {lu information into schools to ensure that the next generation knows how to deal with this threat and future onesl'

TURBULENTTIMES $i.i i ilr;iit:'rr ::

lllr:c'r'lr:lll

Salah satu kisah sukses kegiatan kampanye T

Flu Burung adalah yang menargetkan sek

Mojokerto pada tahun 2002 Paket Siswa Flu Burung diluncurkan. Sebanyak 70 ribu

I

sebarkan ke sekolah-sekolah seluruh N sekolah menerima paket berisi materi kom pengajaran flu burung. Semua materi karakter pelaku sinetron "Bajaj Bajuri" yang kan. lklan animasi itu ditayangkan di beragam telbvlsi nasional. Kemudian para guru berkreasi mengembangkan kurikulum pengajaran flu

"sekitar 40 persen korban flu burung adalah anak...sangat penting bagi mereka untuk bel

lindungi diri mereka sendiril' ujar Ketua Harian Komnas FBPI Bayu Krisnamurthi. " burung mungkin masih akan bersama kita itu generasi mendatang harus paham cara ancaman ini dan ancaman lainnya di masa

,

t, Some 40% of victims are schoolchildren. That's why it is so important that they learn how to protect themselves.

Sekitar 40 persen korban flu burung adalah anak-anak usia sekolah. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting bagi mereka belajar cara melindungi diri mereka.

The result of the program was impressive . An independent survey found that hand washing among children

vei menyatakan kesadaran cuci tangan di kalangan siswa

Sukses program sekolah sangat luar biasa. Sebuah sur-

lo 68% and eating only well cooked

sekolah dasar meningkat dari 37 persen ke 68 persen

chicken rose f rom 53% to 92o/o. The children also said they told there parents what to do to reduce their risk

dan mengkonsumsi daging unggas matang meningkat dari 53 persen ke 92 persen. Para siswa juga memberi-

of catching the virus.

tahu orang tua mereka cara mencegah f lu burung.

The German lnternational cooperation enterprise, GTZ , also worked concurrently with the National Education

bekerjasama dengan Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional

rose from 3Jo/o

Di pihak lain, lembaga bantuan Jerman, GTZ, juga

Mrnistry to develop curriculum that allowed students to learn avian influenza in their classrooms.

mengembangkan bahan ajar dan kurikulum untuk mengajarkan avian inf luenza di dalam kelas menggunakan mata pelajaran resmi.

Print and broadcast media could become an enemy or an ally of the Al program. The general public got most

Kelrru dalam berhubungan dengan media sama saja

of its information about Al from television, radio and newspapers. But the information could, at times, be misleading. This was particularly true in the early out-

breaks when there were few experts to answer key questions. Even at the international level, experts often disagreed'on how best to tackle the problem. Komnas set up a media center to help deal with the crisis. lt quickly became the first stop for journalists needing to get the right information. At the height of the outbreak media conferences were held almost on a daily basis. The Komnas website was also launched and would receive up to 2 million hits per year both

dengan menladikan mereka lawan bagi program pemerintah. Khalayak umu m mendapatkan informasi flu burung dari televisi, radio dan surat kabar. Namun informasi yang mereka sebarkan, pada beberapa kesempatan, sering keliru. Terutama, saat banyak kasus flu burung dilaporkan dan sedikit ahli yang dapat memberikan keterangan. Komnas Ialu mendirikan sentra media untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Banyak lurnalis mengandalkan informasi terbaru dari unit ini. Jumpa pers rutin dilakukan saat kasus flu burung memuncak. Dan situs resmi Komnas dikunjungi sekitar 2 juta pemerhatl flu burunq dan seluruh dunia.

nationally and internationally.

Journalists in the capital had more sources of information to draw upon than their colleagues in the provinces. Again working with UNICEE Komnas supporled a series of provincial level .journalism workshops to help spread the word.

TURBULENTTIMES 5'i 13rilcirg

a

Fl:ne?lllle llyirr

lil {tiylll/r,

f8?i

2-,..

.-:,,.)

Para jurnalis

di daerah tidak seberuntung

mereka

yang ada di ibukota dalam mengakses informasi terbaru. Bersama UNICEE Komnas mengadakan lokakarya media di berbagai propinsi untuk menjembatani jurang tersebut.

ffi Blrd are culled and burnt after outbreak rn Ba i.

a

Unggas sakit dimusnahkan dan dibakar setelah terjadi kasus flu burung di Bali.

rr.w'xxxx,rx*x_r_

Tll

RB i-! La: N "l til [i4 r::i,i

I A medical worker prepares to examlne an Al victim. Seorang petugas kesehatan bersiap memeriksa pasien flu burung. &:n. t&::t;

No End in Sight

Perjuangan Panjang

Since the first human victims that emerged at the starl of the decade, the virus had spread from Nigeria to Cambodia infecting adults and children from all

Sejak virus ini muncul diakhir dekade gO-an, dia telah

walks of life. lt seemed no one was immune from

berhasil menulari manusia di seluruh dunia, dari Nigeria sampai Kamboja, tanpa membeda-bedakan kelas dan ras. Terbukti bahwa tidak ada orang yang

the threat. ln 2001, more than 100 human cases had been confirmed in Indonesia. lt was clear that the Komnas FBPI team could not slow down.

kebal terhadap penyakit ini. Akhir tahun 2002 sudah

Cases erupted throughout the country but it was a small outbreak in Bali that again would garner inler-

Banyak kasus terladi di pelbagai bagian negeri, namun yang sekali lagi menggemparkan dunia ialah kasus yang terjadi di Bali.

national attention.

TURBULENTTIMES

100 kasus positif

flu burung tercatat di

lndonesia.

Kerja Komnas FBPI tak akan menjadi semakin mudah.

L

S+

,*+

l1

ll I: I

jJ

4

Restructuring and Long term Solutions Avian influenza is unlike other diseases that can be controlled in a relatively short time. lndonesia managed to successfully stamp out viral outbreaks such as small pox, polio, and other human diseases. However Al presents a different scenario - one that requlres

Restrukturisasi dan Solusi Penanganan Avian lnfluenza harus

jangka panjang, berbeda dengan

nyakit menular lainnya. lndonesia telah berantas cacar, polio dan banyak lainnya. Namun, masalah flu burung lebft dan butuh lebih banyak solusi jangka

an integrated long-term strategy.

To launch an efficient war against bird

flu,

Komnas

FBPI focused on two important areas: market restructuring and wild bird monitoring.

Untuk memastikan program kerja

pa{

Komr"

dampak iauh, lembaga ini mengangkat yang dapat membuahkan hasil untuk mendatang: Pembaruan Pasar dan

Burung Liar.

Market Restructuring Like many countries in Asia, traditional markets are the mainstay of the community. Women usually visit these "wet" markets to buy their daily produce, meat and poultry. Chickens and ducks are often transported live to these markets where they are slaughtered with little attention paid to hygiene or protection for market workers. ln addition, consumers often opt to cull their chickens themselves in their own backyards, again without using proper precautions, which includes disposal of feathers and poultry by-products. This practice of buying live chickens ls also, in part, due to consumer concerns that their poultry may not be fresh. Lack of proper refrigeration and labeling of poultry products contribute to this problem. Most consumers

Penataan Pasar Tradisional Pasar tradisional di Asia adalah pusil masyarakat. Begitu juga di lndonesiaadalah pelanggan setia pasar tradisional

basah'l dalam memenuhi kebutuhan mereka. Ayam dan unggas dibawa dan di pasar-pasar, dimana para pedagang kan perlindungan diri yang minim sekafikonsumen bahkan lebih senang unggas yang mereka beli dan kerap dan bagian yang tak digunakan ke Kecenderungan membeli ayam hidup

ketakutan daging ayam yang tidak segrr karena sakit. Tidak adanya sertifikasi dan menyebabkan masalah ini. Dengan

also want to make sure that their meat is halal, slaugh-

sendiri, para pelanggan juga yakin bahvre

tered according to lslamic law

dikonsumsi adalah Halal.

THE LONG HAUL 58 r'[]u:i'1.,

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I Poo[ transpo.'tation means the virus can spread frorn backyard fann to market.

Transportasi unggas yang tidak sehat rnernbantu pe nyeba ra n viws dari kndanE ke pasar.

I Slaughtening dtickens in a Jakafta sFeet puts even@ne at risk. Itd enyern bel i k aya m se,rmba,-arrEan di rumah sangat be,'esrko tr?ggr-

THE LONG HAUL SS

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Dis nfect ng a bird market reduces the chance of viral tra nsmission. M enyem protka n d i si nfe ktan di pasar burung mengurangi re siko penyeba ran vi rus.

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".:* i--.j 'W*l'u1i, & A modern "wet" market a p ace wheTe consumers and sellers can enloy hea thy pou try. Pasar tradisional modern men jadi tempat transkasi penlualan

unggas sehat.

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,, To date there have been no reported cases of H5N1 in wild birds in Indonesia.

Sampai saat ini, belum ada burung liar yang terinfeksi HsN1 di Indonesia.

At the height of the outbreak in early 2007 more than a dozen human cases were reported most of them in

2002 puluhan penduduk Jabodetabek dinyatakan

the Jakarta area.

posltlf terinfeksi hampir setiap minggu.

Komnas FBPI's Chief Coordinating Minister for Peo-

Ketua Komnas FBPI, Menkokesra Aburizal Bakrie, mengundang gubernur Jakarta, Jawa Barat dan Banten bersama para walikota dan bupati mereka untuk menghadiri sebuah rapat darurai. Disepakati sebuah komitmen baru untuk meningkatkan perang

ples Welfare Aburizal Bakrie summoned governors from the three neighboring provinces as well as mayors and district heads to a meeting at his office. The result was a bylaw on poultry slaughtering and transportation. The regulation requires all poultry collection yards and slaughterhouses to be moved to five areas on the edge of the city within three years. The bylaw also requires poultry traders to obtain animal health certificates whenever they transport their poultry and promotes the trade of safe and healthy poultry. Certificates are also required for birds raised as pets and anyone using them for scientific purposes.

Pada saat kasus flu burung memuncak di awal tahun

terhadap flu burung. Kali ini lewat peraturan daerah (perda). Salah satu perda yang lahir akan merombak seluruh sistem perdagangan unggas di Jakarta. Pemerintah Propinsi Daerah Khusus lbukota (DKl)Jakarta memutuskan memindahkan semua tempat pemotongan unggas dan lokasi peng-umpulan unggas hidup. Semua produk

yang masuk akan berbentuk daging beku dan harus bersertifikat. Pemelihara burung dan penelitipun harus memiliki sertifikat yang sama.

Several other provinces and districts are now studying

the feasibility of implementing such a plan, Consumer studies on the initiative found that customers are willing to buy frozen meat in exchange for clean and

Pemerintah daerah lainnya sedang mengkaji kemungkinan mengikuti inisiatif pemerintah ibukota tersebut. Beberapa survei yang telah dilakukuan menunjukkan bahwa pelanggan rela membelidaging ayam beku demi

healthy wet markets.

terciptanya pasar tradisional yang sehat.

Komnas FBPI also held series

of

seminars and

workshops in2OO7 and 2008. Supported by various partners, including the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Center for lndonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies (CIVAS) the meetings resulted in guidelines for poultry farming, collection yards, slaughtering houses, poultry transportation.

a meat inspection system, consumer

awareness

and market reform.

THE LONG HAUL 61 / Buildir:O a Flane Whiie Flyins lt / KOMtuAS F}fl 20AS - ZfiA

Keseriusan Komnas FBPI mewujudkan pasar impian tersebut, diwujudkan dengan menggelar berbagai forum diskusi ilmiah yang didukung oleh USDA, CIVAS dan berbagai mitra lainnya, dalam merumuskan praktek yang

sehat dan aman dalam beternak unggas, mengelola lokasi pengumpulan, tempat pemotongan, transportasi unggas, pemeriksaan kesehatan hewan, peningkatan pemahaman konsumen dan reformasi pasar tradisional.

Wild Bird Monitoring

Pemantauan Burung Liar

At the start of the H5N1 outbreak there was global concern that migrating birds could spread the virus from country to country. Scientists in Asia, Africa

Pada awal penyebaran virus H5N1 ada

and Europe detected the virus in a variety of species of wild birds. A number of outbreaks in domesticated poultry were blamed on these birds.

After a series of consultations, Komnas FBPI drafted a policy paper entitled A Strategy and NationalAction Plan to Control Avian lnfluenza in Migratory Birds. The document serves as a guideline for all parties involved in preventing the spread of avian influenza in the wild blrd population. This included a plan for monitoring and surveillance.

bahwa burung liar migran-lah penyebar virus tersebut ke seluruh dunia. Para ilmuwan di Asta, rika, dan Eropa menemukan jejak-jejak virus

pada populasi burung liar. Beberapa kasus avian fluenza pada unggas di beberapa negara terinfeksi oleh burung liar. Komnas FBPI berinisiatif mencari solusi jangka terhadap tantangan ini. Setelah berkonsultasi berbagai mitra terkait, Komnas berhasil Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Nasional Penanganan Burung pada Burung Liar di lndonesrb sebagai bagi institusi-institusi yang memonitor

populasi burung liar. To date there have been no reported cases

of

H5N1

in wild birds in lndonesia. Most experts agree that the main cause of the spread of the virus in Southeast Asia is through poultry farming and trading and not through the migration of wild birds.

Kabar baiknya, sampai dengan akhir tahun 2009, ditemukan burung liar positif HsN1 di lndonesia sepakatan para ahli menyatakan bahwa pe flu burung di AsiaTenggara lebih disebabkan ternakan dan penyebaran unggas domestik.

Howeve1 monitoring and surveillance should be deveL oped in the event of any changes to this or any new virus. To achieve this the government is currently identifying and mapping avian influenza surveillance activities in wild birds. At the implementation level, the Ministry of Forestry as the technical agency has formed a Task

Bagaimanapun, pengawasan burung liar tetap dikembangkan untuk mengantisipasi segala mungkinan. Pemetaan kegiatan surveilans flu pada burung liar pun harus dilakukan. Kementerian hutanan bahkan telah membentuk sebuah

Force on Avian lnfluenza Control in Wild Birds.

Kerja Pengendalian Flu Burung pada Burung Liar.

Although the risk of spreading the virus through wild birds is currently very low in lndonesia, other countries haven't been so lucky. ln China, the virus has killed thousands of wild geese and gulls at a nature reserve. lt was the largest known outbreak in wild birds and a warning that in the future they might spread the disease far and wide.

Meski lndonesia tidak mengalami permasalahan dengan burung liar sebagai agen penyebar namun lain halnya di beberapa negara lain. Di telah tercatat ribuan angsa dan burung camar tertular flu burung oleh burung migran. Kasus

The Komnas FBPI plan provides for the development

Rencana strategis yang disusun Komnas FBPI tujuan mengembangkan sistem peringatan dinl

and strengthening of an early warning system; research, development and coordination; epidemiological studies; data sharing, information system development and policy making procedures.

but dianggap sebagai peringatan bahwa apapun dapat terjadi di masa mendatang.

majukan penelitian tentang burung lial

kapasitas dan koordinasi, mendukung studi

gi. pembagian data, pengembangan sistem dan perumusan kebijakan.

THE LONG HAUL S2

I Building a Plane While Flyins lt I KAMNAS

FBPI

2005

2010

I Migratory birds are monitored to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus from lsland to island. Burung liar juga dimonitor untuk memperkecil kemung kinan penularan virus dari pulau ke pulau.

I A ranger takes a closer look at wild birds tn the Thousands lsland chain. Seorang polisi hutan sedang mengamati burung liar di Kepulauan Seribu.

THE LONG HAUL

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Preparing for a Pandemic

Bersiap Siaga

Komnas FBPI was also tasked with preparing the country for a possible pandemic. Experts had painted a grave scenario. The deadly H5N1 virus could mutate and pass easily from person to person.

Salah satu mandal Komnas FBPI ialah mempersia:.am

lndonesia menghadapi pandemi. Para ahli telah r: perkirakan skenario terburuk: virus HSN1 berrn-::sr dan kemudian menular antarorang.

No longer would poultry be the threat but mankind rtself. Developing a vaccine to battle the new strain would take months and tens of millions of doses would be needed to protect the global community. Untilthat time, tens of millions would die.

Jika terjadi, ancaman bukan lagi terhadap unggas

Experts compared the threat to earlier pandemics. The worst recorded one being the 1918 Spanish FIu outbreak that killed between 20-40 million people.

Para ahli memprediksi kemungkinan-kemungkineburuk dengan membandingkan dengan pande-

T Children take part in a pandemic school drill.

Anak-anak ikut berpartisipasi di sebuah simulasi pandemi.

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singkat dan miliaran dosis diperlukan untuk melir: seluruh manusia. Bila ini terladi, puluhan juta c'=

sudah meninggal dunia saat vaksin baru ditemuka-

belumnya. Pengalaman terburuk adalah PandeSpanyol 1918 yang membunuh sekitar 2040 juta:

I "Warning Deadly Flu Outbreak" A poster informs residents about the simulation in Ba . 'Awas. Penularan Flu Mematikan" tulis sebuah poster yang digunakan dalam simulasi Bali.

FLYING INTOTHE STORM

I Government off icials review pandemic response activities during a simulation. Para aparat pemerintah sedang mengkaji kegiatan respon pandemi pada sebuah simulasi.

The Plan

Rancangan awal

ln 2001, Komnas FBPI began developing a national pandemic plan, a living document which would set out in detail, actions to be taken by both the public and private sector in the event of a pandemic.

Di tahun 2002 Komnas FBPI memulai sebuah besar merumuskan rencana kesiapsiagaan sebuah dokumen kerja yang merinci tindakan

The National Pandemic Preparedness and Response Plan includes detailed protocols from ministries and government institutions that would be put into place in the event of an outbreak. The plan describes the

pemerintah, publik, dan swasta apabila pandemi Rencana Kesiapsiagaan dan Respon Menghadapt

demi lnfluenza merinci protokol berbagai dan lembaga lainnya yang harus dilakukan pandemi terjadi. Protokol tersebut termasuk medis, kesehatan lingkungan, dan juga k

ideal medrcal response and public health measures to be taken as well as business continuity planning, which encourages the private sector to be proactive in maintaining their services at the same time safeguarding their employees. lt also regulates monitor-

dunia usaha, yang membantu dunia swasta proaktif untuk menyelamatkan bisnis dan kan karyawan pada saat yang sama. Dokumen irf mengatur pengawasan dan pengamatan t

ing, surveillance and laboratory support.

kasus serta dukungan laboratorium.

The plan includes a detailed risk communication strategy to raise awareness and to disseminate key health messages to the public. The last phase covers the post-pandemic period and how the nation

Strategi kegiatan nonmedis seperti komunikas

can get back on its' feet after the ordeal.

FLYING INTOTHE STORM

I

untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan straqp nyebaran pesan kesehatan juga telah Dan yang juga penting: respon pascapandemr habilitasi untuk memulihkan kembali kondisi

The plan has since been disseminated throughout the country and tested through pandemic simulations.

Rencana kesiapsiagaan dan respon ini kini sudah tersebar ke seluruh negeri dan telah disimulasikan.

One of the largest simulations of its kind was held in Bali in April 2008. The Ministry of Health, as part of Komnas, led the field simulation. Funded by the Centers for Disease Control, CDC, with support from UN agencies, the simulation involved over 1,000 people over three days. They included, medical officers, police, security, humanitarian groups, airport officials, residents and "actors" who portrayed victims.

Salah satu simulasi lapangan terbesar di dunia bertempat di Bali pada April 2008. Simulasi yang melibatkan lebih dari 1.000 orang ini dipimpin oleh Kementerian Kesehatan, yang juga anggota Komnas

FBPI. Dukungan datang dari CDC Amerika Serikat dan berbagai badan PBB. Simulasi ini melibatkan bukan saja ratusan pekerja medis, namun juga polisi, militer, relawan, petugas bandara, warga masyarakat,

dan beberapa aktor yang berperan sebagai penderita.

The scenario focused on a small village, Dangin Tukadaya, where the H5N1 virus emerges and spreads rapidly from person to person. Health authorities quickly move to quarantine the village. ln a real life situation such a quarantine would last for weeks. All food, water and supplies would have to be brought in. Armed security would guard the village no one in and no one out. The simulation also focused on Bali's international airport where medical officers checked "passengers" to see if they have a fever and could eventually spread the virus to other countries. Those showing flu-like symptoms were immediately

Desa Dangin Tukadaya diskenariokan menjadi pusat wabah flu mematikan dan lokasi berbagai tindakan

respon, termasuk karantina wilayah, dilancarkan. Warga desa tidak boleh meninggalkan desa dan semua kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari mereka dipenuhi

oleh aparat berwenang. Di Bandara lnternasional Ngurah Rai, aparat melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan kepada penumpang datang dan pergi. Penumpang yang terdeteksi menunjukkan gejala mirip

flu, diisolasi. Kalangan internasional mengakui sukses besar lndonesia dalam menguji rencana kesiapsiagaan

isolated.The simulation was hailed by the international community as a success.

dan responnya.

Another large scale drill was held in Makassar, South Sulawesi, the business hub of Eastern lndonesia. This time, the government officials were put to the test. "Simulations should be continuous because the threat is constantly evolving.Thats why, since 2001 we have held a series of targeted pandemic drills through-

Simulasi berskala besar lainnya juga dilakukan di tahun 2008, di Makassal Sulawesi Selatan.Kali ini, para para aparat pemerintah daerahlah yang diuji kesiapsiagaannya dalam merespon episenter yang berlokasi di tengah kota. "Simulasi harus berkelanjutan karena ancaman terus berubah. ltulah mengapa,

out the countryi said Dr. Emil Augustiono, Komnas FBPI Deputy, who is in charge of pandemic prepared-

terang Emil Agustiono, koordinator bidang kesiap-

ness and response.

siagaan dan respon pandemi influenza.

Those simulations included the country's first ever village level drill in Banten province, the bird flu hot spot of lndonesia.The province recorded more human fatalities of bird f lu than any other in the country. The simulation tested whether the national pandemic plan works

Komnas mengawali di Propinsi Banten yang mencatat kebih banyak kasus dan kematian flu burung

sejak 2002 kami menyelenggarakan berbagai simulasij'

lebih banyak dari propinsi lainnya. Simulasi perdana ini menguji apakah rencana kesiapsiagaan dan respon efektif dilakukan pada tingkat masyarakat dengan warga sebagai aktor utamanya. Pejabat propinsi dan kabu-

on the ground, where the community themselves

paten juga terlibat, menguji kemampuan mereka

spearhead initial response activities. District officials were also involved, testing their response knowledge.

merespon pandemi pada skala terkecil.

FLYING INTOTHE STORM

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Tentara Angkatan Laut berlatih merespan pandemi di sebuah pelabuhan di Surabaya, Jawa timur.

I Government workers prepare to hand out food and water to the quarant ned vi lage during a simu ation. Pihak berwenang bersiap membagikan makanan dan m i n u man kepada ma sya rakat desa yang dikarantrna pada sebuah simulasi.

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Para ahli memperkirakan bahwa pandemi

akan terjadi dalam beberapa gelombang dan berlangsung beberapa bulan.

Targeted drills for specif ic sectors were also carried out. Order and security were key sectors in order to minimize social unrest and the economic impact of a deadly flu

Keamanan dan ketertiban adalah kunci meminimalisasi dampak sosial dan ekonomi akibat pandemi-

outbreak. Komnas worked along with the army and the navy as well as the police to promote the country's security forces' capacity in coping with a future pandemlc.

Angkatan Darat dan Angkatan Laut, serta Kepolisian

Private industries, such as a major international steel-

Pihak swasta, salah satunya industri pemrosesan baja

works, also tested their own business continuity plans showing the world how to protect employers

di

and save business at the same time. These large scale field slmulations were not possible in all parts of the country. So Komnas FBPI together with provincial administrations and support from UNICEF developed a series of "tabletop" simulations that would test the capability of local government to respond to a pandemic in their regions. These tabletops proved to be a cost efficient method of raising awareness of the issue. Within three days some 50

officials from a variety of sectors from health and security to education and sanitation would learn the basics of pandemic response. Experts predicted a pandemic would comes in waves over several months. Ouestions for workshop participants included: How much food do we need to provide to families? Are there enough workers to keep water and gas supplies flowing? When do we close schools? What information do we need to give communities? The answers would, In the event of a severe pandemic, save thousands of lives.

Thls method was then replicated by many provincial administrations in their regions.

FLYING INTOTHE STORM 74 / Buildirq a Plane Whrle flyinE lt / ,t0Mtu S {Bfi 2eA5 - 2*1e

Kom nas bersa ma Tenta ra Nasional ndonesia, terutarna I

Republik lndonesia telah beberapa kali melatih diri menghadapi pandemi"

Batam, telah menguji rencana keberlangsungan usaha mereka dan mempertontonkan pada dunia cara melindungi pegawai dan bisnis mereka pada saat yang sama. Simulasi lapangan baik skala kecil maupun besar tidak mungkin dilakukan di semua propinsi dan kabupatenMaka dari itu, bekerja sama dengan UNICEE Komnas FBPI mengusung seri kegiatan simulasi "table top':s* buah simulasi rapat darurat. Dalam waktu tiga hari, puluhan pejabat pemerintah daerah terlibat dalam ber bagai rapat genting merumuskan respon pandemi yang efektif dan sesuai wilayah mereka masing-masing.

Para peserta lokakarya tersebut harus menjawab berbagai pertanyaan penting seperti: Berapa stok kebutuhan pangan untuk rumah tangga yang harus disiapkan? Apakah petugas air bersih dan bahan bakar dapat tetap bekerja? Apakah harus menutup sekolah? Dan pesan apa saja yang disebarkan ke masyarakat?

tepat terhadap

pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut akan menyelamatkan banyak nyawa.

Jawaban

Metode pelatihan sepertl ini kemudian direplikasi oleh berbagai pemerintah kabupaten dan kota di berbagai propinsi.

I Police quarantine a vi lage. No-one in and no-one out. Pol isi me ngka ra ntina sebuah desa yang tennfekst. Tidak ada yang boleh masuk dan keluar.

I Participants rn a table top simu ation learn how to respond in a crisis. Para peserta simulasi rapat darurat belajar cara merespan situasi krisis.

FLYING INTOTHE STORM rl

I The H1N1 (swine flu) outbreak in Mexico put the world on notice. But the new pandemic was not what many experts had predicted. Pandemi flu A Hl Nl (Flu Babi) di Meksiko mengejutkan dunia. Namun ternyata tidak seganas yang diperkirakan para ahli.

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The Pandemic

Pandemi

ln March 2009 a new virus was detected in Mexico.

Di bulan Maret 2009, sebuah virus baru muncul di Mexico. Dalam kurun waktu sekitar satu bulan, di-

ln less than six weeks more than 850 cases of pneumonia were detected, by the end of April, 59 of the victims died. Schools and non-essential businesses were closed and many countries issued travel warn-

ings to the stricken country. This outbreak would later be dubbed swine flu or H1N1. The outbreak sent shock waves through the medical community. Many experts had thought that the pandemic would emerge in Asia and that the HsN1 virus would be the one to spark it. This new virus quickly spread. On June 11,2OOg the organization raised its alert level to 6 - the highest on the wHo scale and the Director General declared that "the world is now at the start of the 2009 influenza pandemic'l The announcement came as Komnas FBPI chief Bayu Krisnamurthi and vice chief executive Emil Augustiono were in Britain for an international pandemic conference. But even in the streets of a major clty like London, which had already reported H'l N1 cases, there was little evi-

dence of a pandemic response. Business went on as usual and even a train strike couldn't stop people form crowding buses and potentially spreading the virus.

temukan 850 kasus radang paru-paru. Di akhir bulan April, hampir 60 orang meninggal dunia. Sekolah dan banyak perusahaan ditutup dan larangan perjalanan dikenakan kepada negara-negara dengan banyak kasus. Wabah ini kemudian dikenal sebagai Wabah Flu Babi atau H1N1. Dunia dikagetkan dan dibuat sibuk

oleh kemunculan penyakit baru ini. Sebelumnya para ahli berasumsi bahwa pandemi akan terladi di Asia dan disebabkan mutasi virus H5N'1. Virus baru ini kemudian menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Pada 11 Juni 2009, WHO mengumumkan pandemi

tingkat enam-tingkat tertinggi kegawatdaruratan pandemi-dan Direktur Jenderalnya mendeklarasikan bahwa "dunia sudah berada di ambang pintu pandemi flu 20091' Deklarasi tersebut terjadi saat Bayu Krisnamurthi dan wakilnya Emil Agustiono sedang berada di lnggris menghadiri sebuah konferensi tentang pandemi. Kota besar seperti London pun me-ngalami serangan H1N1, namun hampir tidak terlihat respon terhadap pandemi. Kegiatan seharihari tidak berubah, kerumunan orang di berbagai ruang publik sepertl stasiun kereta api tetap ramai.

So the question was raised: what kind of response should there be? How far should governments go to protect people? What impact will these measures have on economies and on the daily lives of ordinary people?

Pertanyaan mulai menyeruak di benak pikiran banyak orang, seperti apakah respon yang tepat untuk pandemi ini? Seberapa jauh pemerintah harus bertindak? Apa dampaknya terhadap ekonomi masyarakat?

These issues were discussed and debated. ln the early stages of the outbreak governments responded in varying degrees from virtually no response to quarantining visitors from infected countries. lndonesia had to decide what measures it would take.

lsu tersebut menjadi bahan debat dan diskusi yang panjang. Respon pemerintah di tiap negara beragam, dari mulai yang tidak acuh sampai ke mengarantina turis. lndonesia harus memutuskan tindakan-tindakan responnya sendiri.

The Health Ministry was on the front line, announcing airport health checks and it alerted the country's '100 referral hospitals. Komnas FBPI activated the National Pandemic Response Plan and set up a 24hour hotline.

Departemen Kesehatan menjadi ujung tombak, mengumumkan pemeriksaan kesehatan bagi turis yang baru datang serta menyiapkan 100 rumah sakit rujukan.

Komnas membuka saluran pengaduan 24 jam.

Leaflets and posters were printed in a few days in an effort to curb public anxiety. PSAs, a radio drama series and talk shows aired on TV and radio, while hygiene kits were handed out to families travelling after the fasting month: all to help raise awareness.

FLYING INTOTHE STORM ?? I Building e Flane While f lyin{,1 lt / (rMlJrS f:8pl 20*5

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Komunikasi resiko menjadi prioritas dengan menyebarluaskan selebaran dan poster untuk menenangkan reaksi publik. lklan dan drama radio ditayangkan di

berbagai radio dan televisi. Paket Kebersihan Diri dibagikan kepada para pemudik lebaran.

AFTERWORD AKHIR KATA

Safe Landing?

Babak Berikutnya

Komnas FBPI may be closing its doors but the journey will continue. We have learned much over the past four years and these lessons will be put to good use as we move toward a healthier nation.

Mandat Komnas FBPI telah berakhir; namun melawan flu burung tetap berlanjut. Kita telah banyak selama empat tahun terakhir dan penga tersebut akan berguna dalam membangun bangsa lebih sehat.

The Al experience has highlighted the need for closer

links between the human and animal health world. Not only birds, but pigs, cattle, monkeys, rats and others, both domesticated and wild species, have been the source of new disease. ln the past decade, some 75% of new diseases have come from animals or animal by-products. The findings make it clear that the health and animal sectors need to stay vigilant and more importantly work together.

Pengalaman pengendalian flu burung telah men kan adanya kebutuhan kerjasama yang lebih erat a

bidang kesehatan manusia dan kesehatan Bukan hanya burung, namun babi, sapi, monyet, tik

dan semua jenis hewan peliharaan maupun berpotensi menjadi sumber penyakit. Dalam dekade terakhir, sekitar 75 persen penyakit baru asal dari binatang, atau produk-produknya. ini mempertegas pentingnya kerjasama erat antara

The Al experience may have helped us build that foundation for these networks and improve standards, but we must now expand this work. Doing so will not only benefit the health of our people but also the nutrition of our children and overall improved food security for the nation.

How do we achieve this goal? Firstly,

bidang kesehatan tersebut.

Pengalaman flu burung akan membantu kita

bangun landasan untuk mengembangkan jej yang sudah ada dan meningkatkan kualitas namun sekarang kita perlu perluas wilayah kerja kita.

Apa yang perlu dilakukan?

it requires all concerned to rethink the way

health and animal issues are viewed and to "unlearn" old strategies.

Pertama-tama, dibutuhkan keterlibatan semua untuk merumuskan kembali cara pandang merombak strategi usang dalam mengaitkan

kesehatan manusia dan hewan.

With this new frame of mind, we can then develop early detection and response systems. This will enable authorities to respond to initial outbreaks before they become a major threat.

&&

I Building a Flane While Fiying

lt

/

KOM\IAS

f:8fi

2AA5 - 2AlA

Dengan cara berpikir baru ini kita dapat kan sistem pelacakan dini dan respon kita. Jika hali terwujud, aparat pemerintah akan sangat terbantu.

i..

We must also strengthen the multi-sectoral pandemic preparedness planning now and not wait for the next pandemic to arrive before taking action.

Mereka dapat merespon kasus-kasus awal sebelum menjadi sebuah wabah mengkhawatirkan. Kita juga

harus memperkuat perencanaan kesiapsiagaan pandemi sekarang juga, jangan menunggu pandemi

There are many challenges that lay ahead. This includes the need to rethink the way funding for these activities are carried out. A restriction in this area can mean that response to health outbreaks are delayed or poorly dealt with. We also need to fill the gap of quallfied health and animal workers, encouraging young people to pursue these careers and develop training facilities to meet that need. It is key that we develop strong communication both internally and externally to ensure that all of us are united under one vision. Then we can build the capacity of each province to handle these issues, including decentralizing authority and therefore the decision making process. We also need to build strong community involvement and this includes a strong volunteer system at local level to respond to health issues when they emerge.

berikutnya tiba. Tantangan ke depan masih banyak. Termasuk men-

cari cara terbaik mendanai kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut diatas. Mekanisme yang kaku di bidang pendanaan, dapat menghambat respon atau bahkan memperburuk situasi. Kita juga perlu meningkatkan kualitas petugas medis dan kesehatan hewan kita, mempromosikan profesi ini di kalangan generasi muda, dan mengembangkan sarana pelatihan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Membangun komunikasi yang kuat baik internal di kalangan penyelenggara negara dan eksternal dengan masyarakat luas penting untuk memastikan kita semua bekerja dengan visi yang sama. Kemudian kita bangun kapasitas tiap provinsi, satu per satu, dalam meng-

hadapi tantangan baru ini, termasuk mendelegasikan kewenangan dan proses pengambilan kebijakan.

Each and every one of us can be a part of this impor-

tant work to ensure the best possible future and safe landing for lndonesia.

a

Pengalaman Komnas FBPI menunjukkan bahwa dengan kerja bersama, semua orang dapat memainkan peran dalam agenda penting memastikan masa depan yang terbaik dan mengantarkan lndonesia menggapai cita-cita gemilangnya

Bayu Krisnamurthi Chief Executive KOMNAS FBPI Vice Minister of Agriculture

L

.

Bayu Krisnamurthi Ketua Pelaksana Harian Komnas FBPI

Wakil Menteri Pertanian

KOMNAS FBPI DI BALIK LAYAR

Committee Membership Keanggotaan Komnas FBPI Ketua/ Chair:

.

Menteri Koordinator Kesejahteraan Rakyat/ Coordinating Minister for People'sWelfare

Wakil Ketua !/ FirstVice Chair: o Menteri Koordinator Perekonomian/ Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs

Wakil Ketua

.

lll SecondVice

Chair:

Menteri Pertanian/ Minister of Agriculture

Wakil Ketua lll/ThirdVice Ghair:

r

Menteri Kesehatan/ Minister of Health

Anggota/ Members:

. . .

Menteri Dalam Negeri/ Minister of Home Affairs [Vlenteri Luar Negeri/ Minister of Foreign Affairs

Menteri Keuangan/ Minister of Finance

e Menteri Kehutanan/ Minister of Forestry

.

Menteri Perindustrian/ Minister of lndustry

o Menteri Perdagangan/ Minister of Trade

r

Menteri Perhubungan/ Minister of Transportation

o Menteri Pendidikan Nasional/ Minister of National Education o Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata/ Minister of Culture andTourism o Menteri Komunikasi dan lnformatlka/ Minister of Communication and I nformation Tech nology

KOMNAS FBPI &2

/ Buildin! a Plane Whrie Flyinq lt I KAMNAS f:8pl ?t:C5 20:3

.

Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi/ State Minister of Research and Technology

o Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup/ State Minister of Environment o Menteri Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Kepala Bappenas)/

State Minister of National Development Planning (Head of the National Development Planning Agency)

.

PanglimaTentara Nasional lndonesia/ Commander of the lndonesian NationalArmed Forces

o Kepala Kepolisian Republik lndonesia/ Chief of the lndonesian National Police o Ketua Palang Merah lndonesia/ Chairman of the lndonesian Red Cross

Secretary/ Sekretaris:

.

Deputi Menko Perekonomian Bidang Pertanian dan Kelautan/ Deputy to the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs for Agriculture and Marine Resources

KOMNAS FBPI 83 / Building a Plane While Flying lt / KOMNAS FBfl 2A05 - 2Afi

KOMNAS FBPI DI BALIK LAYAR

The Secretariat Sekretariat . Dr. Bayu Krisnamurthi . dr. EmilAgustiono, MPH . Drh. Memed Zoelkarnain . Dr. Drh. Heru Setijanto . Drh. Bachtiar Moerad

o Drh. DedehYulianti Rahayu Hasan

o Drs. Soetijono, M,Si .Yoga Satria, SKM

. M. lqbalur Ramadan, SKM . lka Wahyuningsari, SKM r Nurul Fajriyah, SKM o Drh. Farida Camallia Zenal

r

Drh. AndhiTrapsilo

.

Prof. Dr. Muladno o Prof. Dr. Widi Adnyana Morati . Drh.Tri Satya Putri NaiposPos, M.PhiI, Ph.D . lr. Naily Chilmijati, M.Si r Dr. lr. Delima HasriAzahari, MS

r

Dr. Drh. Sjamsul Bahri, MS

rWrdya Anjung Pertiwi, SP . Andika Aji Pambudi, SE

.

HabibieYukezain, SSn

o Nurmeidian Argarini, SKM . Agustina Kurniasih, SKM

o Novi Rochmawati, SE . Evita Handayani Sri HaPsari, SE

.

Santono Sihotang

. Drh. Novita Tricahyani . Drh. Mira Fatmawati . Drh. Rian Arisandy . Galih Putri, SKM . Sarino Trimansyah, SKM . Drs.Taufik Kusumo, MM

oTifa Laily Savitri, S.Pt

.

.

Drs. H. KrisnaTirtawidjala, Apt

o lr. Mathur Riady, MA o Dr. Lily Srrwahyuni, MM

. dr. Lula Kamal o Dr. Benyamrn Lakitan, M.Sc o Dr. lr. Dedi

.

M. Masykur Riadt

Parluhutan Hutahean, MA

KOMNAS FBPI S$ I

. Drg. Naalih Kelsum r Hendriyanto, SE

B*lllrq I lllr:* !l!lll;: livirq lr I (rtlltis

lrfi

2*t;, - 2)'l*

o Rinr Lenggogeni, SS

. Dewi Anggraeni, . Sukri, SE . Sutrisno . Saniman

. . . .

Amd.

Dr. lr. Endah Murniningtyas,

M.Sc lgnatia Maria Honggowati, M.Sc SyulpajliAndri, SH. MM Dra. lndah Suwarni , M.Si Drs. Marsudi Harto

Komnas FBPI Panel of Experts Susunan PanelAhli . Prof. Dr. Amin Soebandrio, MD, Ph.D, SpMK . .

Drh.Tri Satya Putri Naipospos, M.Phil, Ph.D Prof. Dr. Drh. I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika

o Prof. Drh. Charles RanggaTabbu, M.Sc, Ph.D

.

Prof. Dr. Hadiarto Mangunnegoro, Sp.P

o Prof. Dr. Agus Sjahrurrachman, MD, Ph.D

r

Prof. dr.TjandraYoga Aditama, Sp.P(K), MARS, DTM&H, DTCE

. Prof. Drh. Widya Asmara, MS., Ph.D . Prof" Dr. lr. Dwisuryo lndroyono Soesilo, . Prof. dr. FaisalYunus, Ph.D, Sp.P(K) . Prof. Dr. Nuning M.K., MPH, DRPH . Prof.Yanto Lunardi lskandar, MD., Ph.D . Drh. Kamaluddin Zarkasie, Ph.D .

dr. Widjaja Lukito, Ph.D

. .

Drh. Wiku B.B. Adisasmito, M.Sc, PhD

M.Sc

Dr. Roy G. A. Massie, MPH, Ph.D o Dra. Ani Margawati, M.Kes, Ph.D

o dr. Herawati Sudoyo, Ph.D

. dr. Endang R. Sedyaningsih, MPH, DrPH . dr. Agus Suwandono, M.PH . dr. I Nyoman Kandun, MPH . Dr. Drh. lWayanTeguhWibawan, M.S . Dr. Drh. C. A. Nidom M.Sc r Dr. Drh. AgusWijono . Dr. Drh. Martin Malole . dr. Drh. Mangku Sitepoe o dr. Priyanti Zuswayudha, Sp.P

. Dr. dr. Ratna Djuwita, MPH . dr. Santoso Soeroso, Sp.A., MARS o Dr. Drh. Widiyanto Dwi Surya, M.Sc . LaksamanaTNl (Purn) dr" Harijanto Mahdi, Sp.THI Sp.KL . Brigjen TN I (Purn) dr. Adib Abdullah Yahya, MARS

. dr. Sardikin Giriputro, Sp.P MARS . Drh. Wiwiek Bagja . Dr. Drh. DennyWidaya Lukman, MS r dr. Maramis Ahmad Hisham, MPH, MBA o Dr. Hari Santoso

KOMNAS FBPI of $i3

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PARTNERS MITRA KERJA

lnternational Partners Mitra lntemasional 12. UNOCHA

1. ArsAlD

(The United Nations Organization for

(The Australian Government's Aid Programmee)

Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance)

2. USAID

(United States Agency for lnternational

i3. UNRC (United Nations Residence Coordinator)

Development

14. ASEAN

3. European Commission

(The Association of South East Asian Nations)

4 J!CA (Japan lnternational Cooperation Agency)

(l

(United Nations Children Fund)

(United Nations System for lnfluenza

(Food and Agriculture Organization)

Coordination)

7, WHO

18. ICITAP

(World Health Organization)

(Department of Justice United States of

8. GTZ

19. JSI Deliver-USAID (John Snow lncorporatedl

(Deutsche Gesselshaft fur n

20. ctDA

ische Zusammenarbeit)

(Canadian lnternational Development Agencyf

9. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)

(Community Based Avian lnfluenza Control) 11.

tOM (lnternational Organization on Migration)

&6

I

Br.rilding a Plane While Fiying lt

2i. ARC (American Red Cross)

cBAtc

10.

nternational Labor Organization)

17 UNSIC

FAO

Tech

World Bank

16. rLo

5. UNICEF 6.

15.

/ (OMtuAS

FBPt 2085 - 207A

22. CARE lndonesia

National Partners Mitra Nasional 1.

CTVAS

10.PMl

(Center for lndonesian Veterinary

Analytical

Studies) 2. pB-lDl (lkatan Dokter

3.

11.

lndonesia)

13.

lndonesia)

tAKMt lndonesia)

AtPt

ldou (Perhimpunan Ornitolog lndonesia)

15. (YKt)

lndonesia)

THVCB-U;

Yayasan Kutllang lndonesia '16.

Cancer of lndonesia)

WCS-IP

(lnstitute of Human Virology and

(World Conservation Society

Biologyof The University

lndonesian Programmee)

Z lspt

17. Kepraks/Himpuli

(lkatan Sarjana Petenakan

8.

W-lP (Wetland lnternational lndonesla Programme)

14.

(Akademi llmu Pengetahuan

6.

12. PP'Muhammadiyah

pB-pDHt

(lkatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat

5.

BSMI (Bulan Sabit Merah lndonesia)

(Perhimpunan Dokter Hewan

4.

(Palang Merah lndonesia)

lndonesia)

cAppt

18. Danamon Peduli Foundation 19. FMITFB

(GabunganPengusahaPerunggasanlndonesia) (ForumMahasiswalndonesia 9.

GOpAN

Tanggap Ftu Burung)

(Gabungan Organisasi Peternak Ayam

Nasional)

20. Pramuka 2

87 lBuilding

a Plane Whlle Flying lr

i

KOMIIAS FBfl 2AcS - 2C1t:

1.

Octopus Batam-lndonesia

ANNEX LAMPIRAN

Presidential Regulation (2006) on the establishment of the National Committee on Avian lnflu' enza Control and Pandemic Preparedness

Peraturan Presiden Nomor 7 tahun 2006 Komite Nasional

The regulation created a legal framework for a government body to coordinate avian influenza control and pandemic preparedness programs. The regulation states that Komnas FBPI answers directly to the president and is led by the coordinating minister for people's welfare and includes members from 17 ministries, the military, police and the lndonesian Red

Pengendalian Flu Burung (Avian lnfluenza) dan

siapsiagaan Menghadapi Pandemi

lnf luenza

raturan presiden ini menjadi dasar hukum kan sebuah lembaga untuk mengkoordinasi kegi

pengendalian flu burung dan kesiapsiagaan hadapi pandemi. Berdasarkan PP ini, Komnas

Cross.

It specifies that Komnas FBPI will be responsible for coordinating these ministries and become the center

berada langsung dibawah presiden dan diketuai Menteri Koordinator Bidang Kesejahteraan dan beranggotakan 17 menteri,TNl, Polri dan Merah lndonesia.

for data information gathering. Daily operations will

PP juga berfungsi sebagai pusat data dan

be run by a secretariat that is led by the deputy to the coordinating minister for the economy.

Kegiatan sehari-hari akan dilaksanakan oleh

i

sekretariat yang dipimpin oleh deputi menteri ordlnator bidang perekonomian.

The Presidential lnstruction on lntensifying Avian

lnfluenza Gontrol (2OO7l The instruction directs seven key ministers, governors, mayors and district heads to step up efforts to curb the spread of bird flu and intensify public communication. lt also urges closer involvement of the military and the lndonesian Red Cross as well as improving the funding mechanism in order to speed up activities and provide compensation to farmers. The president also called on all government institutions involved be publicly accountable for their programs.

I

ANNEX 88 I Buildins a Plane Whrle Flying li I KTMNAS l;8lll 2005 2410

lnstruksi Presiden Republik lndonesia tahun 2007 tentang Penangangan dan lianVirus Flu Burung (Avian lnfluenza) lnpres Ini memerintahkan tujuh kementerian gubernur dan walikota/bupati untuk meni program pengendalian flu burung dan kan komunikasi publik. lnpres juga memeri pelibatan Tentara Nasional lndonesia dan Merah lndonesia sekaligus memperbaiki anggaran untuk mempercepat implementasi dan kompensasi kepada peternak. Presiden merintahkan transparansi informasi kepada tentang kegiatan-kegiatan mereka.

The lndonesian Nationa! Pandemic Preparedness and Response Plan

Rencana Nasional Kesiapsiagaan dan Respon Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Influenza

The National Pandemic Preparedness and Response

Rencana Kesiapsiagaan dan Respon Menghadapi Pandemi lnfluenza merinci protokol berbagai kemen-

Plan lays down detailed protocols from ministries and government institutions that would be put into place in the event of a serious pandemic. The Jakarta by law on the Raising and Movement

of Poultry l2OO7l The bylaw regulates the distribution, transportatlon, collection and marketing of poultry. lt obliges owners

of poultry collection yards and slaughterhouses to move out of the city center to specific locations that are regulated by the Jakarta government. The bylaw

also stipulates that the transportation of poultry be regulated and provided the legal framework for poultry markets restructuring.

ANNEX &S

t

t-

I Building a Flane Whils f lyins lr I KOMNAS FBfi

20AS - 2C10

terian dan lembaga lainnya yang harus dilakukan apabila pandemiterjadi.

Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Daerah Khusus lbukota Jakarta Nomor 4tahun 2007 tentang Pengendalian Pemeliharaan dan Peredaran Unggas Perda ini mengatur masalah penyaluran, pengangkutan, pengumpulan dan penjualan unggas. Perda mewajibkan pengepul dan pemilik tempat pemotongan ayam

ANNEX LAMPIRAN

Presidential Regulation 7

ZOOG

Perpres No.7 2006

pEES&Et'r

xgpuslrx lirmnE$A FARA?til{AH rRxsrDEN{ &xru&ilK l$D*xr*lA 1'{OM0& ? ?AI{U}'[ }0{1*

TrffiAlr$ xtl$mg xAsrlNAL pr$oEltrlALIAN rLU &u&lrl't$ {r}&{rY J#rXUiEfle{} o&t{ llg$tAp$rA{:}AAN MB?,{GKAI}ApI fANngm ${TLUXNXA PEN6&N N&XM&T TU}'E}.{ YA}K} MAHA ESA p*xsmc , RcriJELtK lll0()!{xslA.

Maimbeng r *. h*rra

pcdwmlxrtgrlr vinrn llu lxlrulg {ctd*tt f{fu**xtt} di Ilxlon**ia dan duaia ecndrrwg trm$ mslringk&t tlsri l?Itktu ke t*xk*r **hingg* nrenirtbulkxn k$rt&nji*" deil kerugliln mllsriel

Ssng

rtm&ki* k*ar dex t*lxh berirnpllkast p& r*p*. mrid.

okomoq*{

&n ***qia}*era m m*ryarakat;

salah aatu Neg*r* png m*nrilili rcrik$ beriergkiinya parderxi ixllirrxzu pada munuxia y*ng *ikh$wtirker dflf$t rn**imbalkan korban j irau 3eng }ebih b*ar;

b. bshua lxdoneeis r*nryckan

e. bal*wa wtnk pereepxm pe*gendslien llu bunury (dri*r, }f*em{ &x p**ing&axn k*xiepiopoa mengftadapi pandemi in$**lraa* dip*t

t*s&

lmg!*&-'lang*rh kompftrhprsif dlts

kxery*&m dffi xelsrl*I i**t*fi*i f(msrinteh puret

dsn

kr?rerilttdr kralti &tia ur*ho, orgunisasi pflllfb*i, orgol;ss*i uoa: p$mrhsdrysr&unrefi tiagsi, d&n lembag* intmmxionxl, t*rr* p&*k-pthak terletit lsit$lytq

d" t,&t!se xclrublxgla dmg*n b*tir a hutir

h, dar: hulir 6 tsr*ehut di

$e& dipltri&s* *crlu nrem&e$t&k Xolftim Naoforu* P*tgcndali*tu

flu

ffrmmg {,{vinr &dne;rar} d*n K.caiapairy**m Menl$edapt

fu&d&$i lnftrxa?,*r

M$r*iry**

: t,

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4

.$8rl

{r}

Und&nC-duds,!&

F***r N*grrx

*.cpubllk

ln*or**ie T*hrm l$il$l

I

i

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i I I

I

ANNEX 90 / Building a Plane While Flylng li I (rMiV,AS fEFl 20C5 - 2010

Presidential lnstruction 7 2OOG lnstruksi_Presiden no 1 2007

PRES'DEN

REPiELK llIDOl,lESlA INSTRTJXSI PRSIIDEN REFI,]BLIK INDO}{gSTA

NOMUR

l

TAr{UN2{X}?

TENTAHG PENAHOAI{AN DAN FENOENDATIAN

VM$$

FLII BURTJHG |AVUN INFLUEATZA' PRHIIDEN *SPUBLK INDONESI'.

U*lk mryni vias fla hanmg {arix idg6ya, di $,ikliah Idm=ia ymg nandrfigl pdng|sdm der $ddr $a *agt6t lqng ry*

EeilbehE

eh, aagm

i11i

Egqirstrti(5ikst

: L tki5nodtu*orBidxjl{a*k{.nR,ff*q

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2, [l[mif.amgro; 3. Lfmikrabc 4. Mcnril(#r; 5. kglimTtaurNsimd 6. Prr0ubeartf 7. turBupdWrlitota

hdoraie;

tlert FEIffTMA

$anri lhgpp ;R.. dm k;glatqrcye ru*irg-*raai*g:

.. naiddu idlndb dm mEl&r*s: tmdrch-larrg*rft tfi*fi dn dklrr lrra& garugnrm drn pr:gsd*ttxr vlru* tuhnng(ardo! tt@l:

ANNEX

SI I Euilding

a Plane While Flying lt

I KOMNAS

FBPI 2A05 - 2010