Beradaptasi Terhadap Perubahan: Alternatif Pengelolaan Perikanan Di Lamakera Adapting To Changes, An Alternative Fisheries Approach In Lamakera Mochamad Iqbal Herwata Putra*, Hery Yusamandar#, Derta Prabuning*, Jensi Sartin* *Reef Check Indonesia - Jl Tukad Balian Gang 43 No 1A Renon Denpasar Bali, Indonesia #Misool Basseftin – Missol Raja Ampat, Indonesia Disampaikan Pada : Seminar Nasional Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Melalui Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Peningkatan Ketahanan Hayati
Kupang, 28 Oktober 2015
Abstract : Fisheries commodity has play important roles to support food security. Lamakera people in the island of Solor, East Flores District are highly depend on such commodity, especially manta rays. Obviously, implementation of Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Decision No. 4 of 2014 regulating full protection of manta rays will affect Lamakera people. Landing data site in Lamakera on 2014 showed that at least 120 the number of manta caught and landed in Lamakera. Meanwhile, manta fishers has began to equip themselves with mini-pursein nets and gill nets to target pelagic fish. Data showed that pelagic fisheries provide enough profit for them, with around 94 tons of caught fish with economic value up to IDR. 615,009,400.00. Pelagic fisheries can be managed as an alternatives for manta fishers in Lamakera. However, pelagic fisheries is vulnerable value reduction due to rapid declining on its quality and freshness. In addition, fishers are facing production dilemma, where higher production will lead to lower market price. Introduction of fish processing technology could be an investment option. Fishers can catch enough volume of production without harming the price. This technology will create diversification in the fish product, and create value added products. However, at least three aspects should be considered: adequate assistance to ensure sustainability, capacity buiding on business model and skill in the entire business chain, and availability of fund/capital and policy to ensure that local fishers stay competitive in the market. Keywords: Fisheries, Manta Rays, Pelagic Fish, Fish Processing, Food Security, Lamakera
Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar yang dikaruniai dengan ekosistem perairan tropis memiliki karakterstik dinamika sumberdaya perairan, termasuk di dalamnya sumberdaya ikan yang tinggi. Produksi perikanan tangkap Indonesia pada tahun 2014 mencapai 6.2 juta ton
• Lamakera di Pulau Solor, Flores Timur wilayah potensial untuk sektor perikanan • Komoditas pelagis dan karang • Tingginya pemanfaatan biota yang dilindungi ; Manta, Hiu, Paus • Lokasi ruaya Marine Megafauna
Lamakera is arguably the biggest artisanal mobulid fisheries in the world (Setiasih, 2011),
Comparison of catches from 2001-5 to the most recent data from 2013-14 revealed 43 dramatic declines in mobulid landings over the study period of 64% at Cilacap, 75% at 44 Lamakera, and 94% at Tanjung Luar (Lewis et al in press)
Lamakera is arguably the biggest artisanal mobulid fisheries in the world (Setiasih, 2011),
INFORMASI PERIKANAN Produksi per Bulan
Kalender Musim Perikanan (kg)
Jenis Ikan
Jan
Feb
Mar
April
Mei
Juni
Juli
Agust
Sept
Okt
Total
Mola mola
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
50
Raja
25
-
-
-
30
-
-
-
-
-
55
Barakuda
-
14
31
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
64
Kerapu
-
13
-
56
-
-
-
-
-
-
69
Belalo
-
34
23
94
-
-
-
-
-
-
151
Tenggiri
-
25
30
84
88
-
-
8
-
-
235
Bergahing
85
-
-
37
-
-
-
20
-
188
330
Cucut
-
-
-
-
-
-
370
-
-
240
610
Layang Merah
-
682
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
682
Tembang
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
809
809
Paus
-
-
-
1.150
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.150
Marlin
217
140
552
162
80
-
57
30
-
-
1.238
Layar
1.881
115
-
182
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.178
Salar
-
358
530
90
-
-
-
28
101
1.375
2.482
Hiu Korea
424
-
30
222
1.824
-
-
-
-
-
2.500
Tuna
4.868
168
339
703
135
-
-
-
-
-
6.213
Hiu Bintang
-
-
-
3.223
3.420
-
315
200
110
-
7.268
Layang
-
-
192
64
-
-
-
32
11.436
2.213
13.937
Tongkol
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15.547
300
15.847
Samba
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.613
943
4.119
15.110
22.785
Pari
-
-
-
12.242
26.427
3.334
863
750
185
49.832
Cakalang
-
4
20
66
135
-
43.604,5
21.743
22.406
8.477
96.456
JUMLAH
7.500
1.553
1.747
12.183
17.954
26.427
50.294
23.917
54.469
28.897
224.940
6.030,5
• Data bulan Juni – September 2014 ; Perikanan Pari Manta di Lamakera bernilai Rp. 143.320.000 dengan biaya produksi Rp. 116.800.000 • Total tangkapan 120 ekor dengan total 29.018 Kg
Bagaimana Masyarakat Beradaptasi ?
Salah satu aspirasi asyarakat tentang tentang perlindungan penuh terhadap Pari Manta
Harapan ! Beradaptasi ke komoditas ikan lainya
Kalender Musim Perikanan (kg) • Data bulan Juni – September 2014 ; 1. Perikanan (tombak) Pari Manta di Lamakera bernilai Rp. 143.320.000 dengan biaya produksi Rp. 116.800.000 2. Perikanan jaring insang, pursine, jaring insang, dan pancing di Lamakera bernilai Rp. 857.556.950 3. dengan biaya produksi Rp. 77.970.000
50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Jan
Marlin
Feb
Layar
Mar
Salar
April
Tuna
Mei
Layang
Juni
Tongkol
Juli
Agust
Samba
Pari
Sept
Okt
Cakalang
160,000.00
Hasil Tangkapan Berdasarkan Alat Tangkap 137,829.00
140,000.00 120,000.00 100,000.00 80,000.00 60,000.00 32,542.50
40,000.00 20,000.00
1,853.00
15.00
-
-
-
Bubu
Purse Seine
Lampara
Pancing Jala Lompo
Tombak
Jaring Insang
Faktanya ; Harga ikan di pasar akan menurun hingga 20% ketika terjadi hasil tangkapan melebihi kebutuhan pasar.
DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK • Alternatif perikanan Manta • Alternatif pengolahan ketika penangkapan terlalu banyak sehingga menstabilkan harga pasar. • Membuat produk tahan lebih lama. • Mengarah kepada produk siap konsumsi. • Memenuhi selera dan kebutuhan konsumen serta memperluas pasar. • Lebih banyak orang terlibat / membuka lapangan pekerjaan baru.
@Shawn Heinrich
• Menghidupkan kembali kemampuan yang hilang • Diversifikasi produk • Eco-Market
@Shawn Heinrich
BERBURU DENGAN KAMERA, BUKAN DENGAN TOMBAK
@Shawn Heinrich
