BAB 6 : WANG DAN INSTITUSI KEWANGAN

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 BAB 6 : WANG DAN INSTITUSI KEWANGAN AKTIVITI 1 : CIRI-CIRI WANG/FUNGSI WANG 1.

Benda-benda di bawah merupakan komoditi yang pernah digunakan sebagai wang. Cuba anda jelaskan mengapa benda-benda tersebut tidak dapat bertahan lama sebagai wang seperti mana wang kertas dan duit syiling. Gigi ikan paus

Rokok

Kulit kerang

Logam

Merpati

Lembu

2.

Nyatakan fungsi wang yang sesuai bagi setiap situasi yang diberikan dalam rajah di bawah:

1

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 2 : JENIS DEPOSIT DAN PENGIRAAN FAEDAH 1.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan kadar faedah deposit tetap dan deposit tabungan bagi tahun 1995-2001 Tahun 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Deposit Tabungan (%) 3.70 4.10 4.23 3.87 2.76 2.72 2.28

Deposit Tetap (%) 6.51 7.18 8.81 5.82 3.24 3.44 3.20

(a) Berdasarkan jadual di atas, apakah perbezaan antara deposit tetap dan deposit tabungan? Perbezaan

Deposit Tetap

Deposit Tabungan

(b) Encik Tan mempunyai wang sebanyak RM5 000.00 dan beliau tidak memerlukan wang tersebut dalam masa setahun. Berdasarkan kadar faedah tahun 2001, kirakan jumlah wang Encik Tan jika beliau memilih untuk: (i) Menabung dalam deposit tetap.

(ii) Menabung dalam deposit tabungan.

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 2.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua individu dengan keperluan yang berbeza. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, cadangkan jenis deposit yang sesuai untuk kedua-dua individu dan terangkan mengapa anda berpendapat sedemikian. DEPOSIT _____________________________________ MENGAPA? _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ DEPOSIT _______________________________________ MENGAPA? _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 3: KEMUDAHAN OVERDRAF DAN KAD KREDIT 1.

Puan Fatiha mempunyai baki akaun semasa yang berjumlah RM20 000.00 . Dia mendapat kemudahan overdraf daripada banknya sebanyak RM10 000.00 (a) Jika Puan Fatiha mengeluarkan cek bernilai RM25 000.00, adakah cek tersebut akan menjadi cek tak laku? _______________________________________________________________________________ (b) Berapakah nilai overdraf yang digunakan oleh Puan Fatiha? _______________________________________________________________________________ (c) Jika kadar faedah harian yang dikenakan oleh bank ialah 0.5% sehari, berapakah jumlah bayaran balik yang perlu dilakukan oleh Puan Fatiha kepada banknya jika dia mengambil masa satu minggu (7 hari) untuk membayar balik?

2.

Layari laman web bank-bank perdagangan dan Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). Berdasarkan laman web yang telah anda layari, jawab soalan-soalan berikut: (a) Apakah syarat-syarat permohonan kad kredit di Malaysia? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 (b) Dapatkan data tentang bilangan pemegang kad kredit di Malaysia yang gagal menjelaskan hutang kad kredit.

(c) Kirakan peratusan pemegang kad kredit yang gagal menjelaskan hutang kad kredit untuk tahun tersebut.

(d) Pada pendapat anda, adakah syarat permohonan kad kredit wajar diketatkan? Mengapa? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 4 : e-PERBANKAN DAN PERKHIDMATAN-PERKHIDMATAN BANK PERDAGANGAN Layari laman web bank-bank di Malaysia yang menawarkan perkhidmatan e-perbankan. 1.

Berdasarkan maklumat yang anda peroleh, jawab soalan-soalan berikut: (a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan e-perbankan? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Terangkan perkhidmatan yang disediakan menerusi e-perbankan. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (c) Terangkan kebaikan e-perbankan berbanding dengan perkhidmatan perbankan di kaunter. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

2.

Bahagikan kelas anda kepada enam kumpulan. Setiap kumpulan dikehendaki memilih sebuah bank perdagangan. Seterusnya, kumpulkan maklumat tentang perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan yang ditawarkan oleh bank perdagangan tersebut. Bincangkan cara institusi kewangan (bank) tersebut memenuhi fungsifungsinya sebagai bank perdagangan.

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Nama bank Alamat Laman Web Perkhidmatan yang ditawarkan

Bagaimana bank ini memenuhi fungsi-fungsinya sebagai bank perdagangan

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 5 : SKIM PERBANKAN ISLAM (SPI) SKIM PERBANKAN ISLAM (SPI) TARIK MINAT PELANGGAN BUKAN ISLAM Menjelaskan kebaikan SPI, Mahmud berkata, pelanggan akan berkongsi keuntungan daripada pelaburan dan perniagaan yang dibuat oleh SPI di mana mereka akan menikmati dividen berbeza dari semasa ke semasa. Bagi pembiayaan pula, harga dan bayaran balik yang tetap sepanjang tempoh pembiayaan menyebabkannya tidak terikat kepada turun naik kadar asas pinjaman (BLR). ‘Ini memudahkan pelanggan membuat perancangan belanjawan tahunan masing-masing.’ ‘Dalam masa yang sama, mereka boleh menikmati muqassah (diskaun) ke atas harga jualan sekiranya pembiayaan lebih awal daripada jadual pembayaran balik,’ katanya (Sumber : Utusan Online)

Berdasarkan petikan di atas, huraikan kebaikan Sistem Perbankan Islam (SPI) berbanding dengan Skim Perbankan Konvensional dengan menggunakan contoh produk dan prinsip SPI.

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 6 : CARA BANK PUSAT MENGAWAL INFLASI DAN KEMELESETAN EKONOMI

1.

Berdasarkan rajah di atas; (a) Terangkan perubahan syarat pinjaman yang berlaku dalam situasi di atas. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (b) Jelaskan kesan perubahan syarat pinjaman ke atas ekonomi. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

2.

Untuk setiap pernyataan di bawah, nyatakan betul atau salah.

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

Pernyataan Bank pusat akan membantu memberikan pinjaman ketika kerajaan menghadapi kekurangan belanjawan. Bank pusat menyimpan rizab tunai di bank perdagangan. Semasa inflasi, bank pusat akan mengurangkan kadar faedah dan meningkatkan rizab berkanun. Tindakan bank pusat melonggarkan syarat sewa beli boleh membantu merangsang semula ekonomi negara. Bank pusat menjual surat jaminan kerajaan semasa kemelesetan ekonomi bagi meningkatkan penawaran wang di pasaran. Bank pusat akan meningkatkan kadar rizab berkanun untuk meningkatkan keupayaan bank perdagangan member pinjaman. Apabila nilai Ringgit Malaysia jatuh, bank pusat akan menjual Ringgit Malaysia untuk meningkatkan nilai Ringgit Malaysia.

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Betul /Salah

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 7 : INSTITUSI KEWANGAN BUKAN BANK Lawati salah satu laman web institusi kewangan bukan bank di Malaysia. Rujuk maklumat tentang aktiviti pelaburan institusi kewangan bukan bank tersebut. Berdasarkan maklumat daripada laman web tersebut; (a) Terangkan aktiviti pelaburan yang dijalankan oleh kedua-dua institusi kewangan bukan bank tersebut. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Jelaskan sumbangan institusi kewangan bukan bank kepada ekonomi negara hasil daripada kegiatan pelaburannya. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 8 : INSTITUSI KEWANGAN BUKAN BANK Bahagikan kelas kepada enam kumpulan. Setiap satu kumpulan dikehendaki mengumpul maklumat tentang salah satu daripada institusi kewangan bukan bank berikut: • • • • •

Bank Simpanan Nasional Lembaga Tabung Haji (LTH) Syarikat insurans Syarikat takaful Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja (KWSP)

Seterusnya, berdasarkan pembentangan yang dibuat, setiap pelajar dikehendaki membuat buku skrap tentang fungsi dan sumbangan institusi kewangan bukan bank kepada perkembangan ekonomi negara.

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 BAB 7 : EKONOMI MALAYSIA AKTIVITI 1 : SUMBANGAN SEKTOR EKONOMI KEPADA PENDAPATAN NEGARA Sektor\Tahun Utama Kedua Ketiga

RM juta 29 472 27 547 37 176

1991 Peratus (%) 34.2 32.0 43.1

RM juta 33 363 50 834 58 451

1996 Peratus (%) 23.7 36.1 41.5

RM juta 34 161 70 695 118 764

2001 Peratus (%) 16.2 33.6 56.4

Berdasarkan data dalam jadual di atas; (a) Lukiskan carta bar untuk menunjukkan peratus sumbangan setiap sector ekonomi bagi tahun 1991,1996, dan 2001.

(b) Apakah ramalan anda terhadap peranan setiap sektor kepada ekonomi negara pada masa depan? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 12

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 2 : MASALAH PERGANTUNGAN EKONOMI KEPADA SEKTOR KEDUA ‘Masalah pergantungan ekonomi kepada komoditi utama telah menyebabkan aktiviti ekonomi Malaysia beralih kepada sector pembuatan. Walau bagaimanapun, pergantungan kepada sector pembuatan (elektrik dan elektronik) juga telah membawa masalah kepada ekonomi negara’. Jelaskan pernyataan di atas.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 13

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 3 : KESAN PERGANTUNGAN EKONOMI KEPADA SEKTOR UTAMA DARI SEGI GUNA TENAGA Pengeluaran, bilangan lombong dan jumlah pekerjaan dalam industri perlombongan bijih timah Tahun 1990 1995 2000

Pengeluaran (‘000 tan) 28.5 6.4 6.1

Kapal korek 24 4 2

Bilangan Lombong Pam kelikir Lombong dedah 88 29 20 16 25 10

Bilangan pekerja (‘000 orang) 8 508 1 928 1 707

Jadual di atas menunjukkan pengeluaran, bilangan lombong dan jumlah pekerja dalam industry perlombongan bijih timah negara dari tahun 1990-2000. Berdasarkan jadual di atas; (a) Terangkan prestasi industri bijih timah dari aspek pengeluaran dan guna tenaga. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Huraikan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan prestasi industri bijih timah. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 14

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 4 : SUMBANGAN SEKTOR-SEKTOR EKONOMI NEGARA TERHADAP KDNK Peratus sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) Sektor\Tahun Utama Kedua Ketiga

1965 40.4 14.5 45.1

1975 32.2 20.2 45.0

1985 30.4 24.3 44.0

1995 18.5 31.5 51.2

2000 16.2 35.6 53.6

Berdasarkan jadual di atas; (a) Lukis graf garis untuk menunjukkan arah aliran sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada ekonomi Malaysia.

(b) Berdasarkan graf tersebut, terangkan pola sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada ekonomi Malaysia. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (c) Ramalkan hala tuju sektor-sektor ekonomi berdasarkan dasar-dasar ekonomi semasa yang dijalankan oleh kerajaan. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 15

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 5 : PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI

Berdasarkan rajah di atas; (a) Jelaskan perubahan struktur yang berlaku dalam ekonomi Malaysia pada akhir tahun 1980an sehingga ke hari ini. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Terangkan dua petunjuk yang digunakan untuk melihat kepentingan sektor-sektor dalam ekonomi negara. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 6 : FAKTOR-FAKTOR PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI NEGARA

Berdasarkan dialog di atas; (a) Nyatakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan dalam struktur ekonomi yang dimaksudkan oleh wanita tersebut. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Bagaimanakah faktor-faktor tersebut membawa perubahan yang besar dalam struktur ekonomi negara? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 7 : KESAN PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI NEGARA “Pelaburan langsung asing ke negara ini telah meningkat. Permohonan pelaburan dalam sektor perkilangan yang dikemukakan kepada Lembaga Kemajuan Perindustrian Malaysia (MIDA), telah kembali meningkat dengan ketara sebanyak 67.6 peratus bernilai RM17.5 bilion bagi tempoh tujuk bulan pertama 2000.” (Sumber : Dipetik daripada Ucapan Belanjawan, Menteri Kewangan, 2001) Kenyataan di atas dipetik daripada Ucapan Belanjawan 2001. Ia menunjukkan antara kesan perubahan struktur ekonomi negara Malaysia. Berdasarkan petikan tersebut; (a) Jelaskan bagaimanakah perubahan struktur ekonomi telah meningkatkan pelaburan langsung asing di Malaysia? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Apakah sumbangan pelaburan langsung asing kepada pembangunan ekonomi negara? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 18

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 8 : SUMBER HASIL KERAJAAN (HASIL CUKAI) Pengelak cukai diburu –LHDN, Kastam lancer operasi besar-besaran mulai 11 Jun KUALA PERLIS, 27 Mei – Pemilik syarikat, peniaga dan individu yang tidak menjelaskan cukai pendapatan dan perkhidmatan akan diburu dalam operasi bersama secara besarbesaran oleh Kastam Diraja Malaysia dan Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN), bermula 11 Jun ini. Ketua Pengarah Kastam, Datuk Paduka Abdul Halil Mutalib berkata, operasi bersama yang pertama kali diadakan itu akan mendapat kerjasama Pejabat Pendaftar Syarikat (ROC) bagi mengesan hasil pendapatan individu, syarikat dan peniaga terbabit yang tidak membayar cukai. (Sumber : Utusan Online, 4 Jun, 2003)

Berdasarkan petikan di atas; (a) Senaraikan jenis-jenis cukai yang perlu dibayar. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Mengapakah cukai-cukai ini perlu dibayar? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 19

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 9 : SUMBER HASIL KERAJAAN (HASIL BUKAN CUKAI) Dalam jangka masa 20 tahun yang akan dating, Malaysia mungkin akan mengalami kehausan sumber petroleum. Anda dikehendaki membincangkan langkah-langkah yang boleh diambil oleh kerajaan bagi mengatasi masalah kekurangan hasil pendapatan negara ekoran daripada kehilangan sumber pertroleum tersebut.

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 10 : PERBELANJAAN KERAJAAN 1.

Wajarkah sektor pertahanan menerima peruntukan terbesar berbanding dengan sektor pembangunan ekonomi? Sediakan dua kumpulan dan bahaskan isu tersebut. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Jelaskan perbezaan antara perbelanjaan mengurus dan perbelanjaan pembangunan. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

3.

Apakah yang akan berlaku jika perbelanjaan mengurus dikurangkan? Bincangkan kesan-kesannya terhadap ekonomi negara. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 21

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 11 : JENIS BELANJAWAN / JENIS PERBELANJAAN KERAJAAN 1.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah perbelanjaan dan hasil kerajaan Persekutuan dari tahun 1999-2003. Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, tentukan jenis belanjawan kerajaan Malaysia. Tahun

Perbelanjaan Mengurus

Perbelanjaan Pembangunan

Hasil Kerajaan

1999

46 699

21 463

58 675

2000

56 547

25 032

61 864

2001

63 757

34 232

79 567

2002

66 706

33 642

83 550

2003*

71 737

32 963

89 793

*anggaran

2.

Jenis Belanjawan

(Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002,2003)

Tentukan sama ada setiap item di bawah merupakan perbelanjaan mengurus (M) atau perbelanjaan pembangunan (P).

(a)

Peruntukan Perbelanjaan Kerajaan akan menyediakan geran padanan untuk setiap seringgit sebagai bantuan kewangan merawat penyakit kronik bagi kumpulan berpendapatan rendah. Dana awal RM100 juta akan ditubuhkan.

(b)

Kerajaan akan memperkenalkan satu kampong satu industry dan melibatkan pembangunan industry kecil yang memerlukan pekerja 10 hingga 100 orang.

(c)

RM2.56 bilion diperuntukkan pada 2003 untuk kemudahan prasarana di kawasan luar bandar, naik 36 peratus dari tahun 2002.

(d)

Bagi memastikan pelaksanaan berkesan dalam pengajaran sains dan matematik, para guru akan dibekalkan dengan computer notebook, projector LCD dan kelengkapan lain. Ia melibatkan RM978.7 juta untuk dibelanjakan tahun ini dan pada tahun 2003. 250 buah sekolah akan mendapat akses internet di bawah fasa pertama program mengurangkan jurang digital di kawasan-kawasan pedalaman Sabah dan Sarawak.

(e)

(f)

Bonus sebulan atau minimum RM1 200.00 untuk kakitangan awam.

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Jenis Perbelanjaan

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 12 : BELANJAWAN NEGARA SEBAGAI ALAT MENGAWAL INFLASI DAN KEMELESETAN EKONOMI “Dalam belanjawan pada tahun ini, kerajaan akan meningkatkan kesemua cukai pendapatan perseorangan bagi mengurangkan pendapatan boleh guna isi rumah. Kesannya, kuasa beli isi rumah akan menurun.” Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, anda dikehendaki mengkaji secara berkumpulan tentang kesan peningkatan cukai terhadap ekonomi negara ke atas guru dan kakitangan sekolah. Bahagikan mereka kepada empat kumpulan pendapatan, iaitu: (a) (b) (c) (d)

Pendapatan antara RM500 – RM1 500 Pendapatan antara RM1 501 – RM2 500 Pendapatan antara RM2 501 – RM3 000 Pendapatan melebihi RM3 000

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 13 : SUMBER PINJAMAN KERAJAAN

Langkah kerajaan Malaysia meminjam dari sumber dalam negeri dapat mengelakkan kejatuhan nilai mata wang.

1.

Jelaskan pernyataan di atas. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah pinjaman dalam negeri dan luar negara kerajaan persekutuan bagi tahun 2001 dan 2002. Sumber Pinjaman Dalam negeri Luar negara

2001 (RM juta) 121 396 24 329

2002 (RM juta) 121 105 37 578

Berdasarkan jadual di atas; (a) Nyatakan kedudukan hutang negara bagi tahun 2001 dan 2002. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Bagaimanakah caranya kerajaan mendapatkan pinjaman dari dalam negeri dan luar negara? Jelaskan. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 24

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 (c) Pada pendapat anda, mengapakah kerajaan lebih berminat untuk meminjam daripada sumber dalam negeri berbanding dengan sumber luar negara? Jelaskan pendapat anda. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

25

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 BAB 8 : HUBUNGAN EKONOMI ANTARABANGSA AKTIVITI 1 : PERBEZAAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA Kali ini satu pasukan petugas khas yang dianggotai oleh Padiberas Nasional Berhad (Bernas), Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna (KPDNHEP), Jabatan Kastam dan Polis ditubuhkan bagi membanteras penyeludupan beras secara bersepadu. Pasukan khas ini bukan sahaja akan melipatgandakan penguatkuasaan bagi memastikan sindiket penyeludupan beras gagal melepasi sempadan masuk ke negara ini, malah turut member ganjaran lumayan berupa wang kepada sesiapa sahaja yang member maklumat tepat tentang penyeludupan beras. [Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada MASSA, Disember 2001]

Terangkan perbezaan perdagangan dalam negeri dengan perdagangan antarabangsa yang menyebabkan wujudnya masalah di atas. Huraikan. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 26

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 2 : PERSAMAAN DAN PERBEZAAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN ANTARABANGSA/ KEBAIKAN DAN KEBURUKAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA 1.

Jelaskan tentang pernyataan di bawah dan apakah kesan negatif yang akan timbul dalam ekonomi Malaysia. “Dasar terbuka yang diperkenalkan oleh negara China akan menjadi persaingan yang utama di pasaran Asia Tenggara.”

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.

Jelaskan pernyataan di bawah: “Perdagangan antarabangsa menguntungkan semua pihak dari pelbagai aspek. Contohnya, pengguna mendapat pilihan yang banyak manakala pengeluar boleh memperluaskan pasaran ke luar negara.”

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 27

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 3.

Berdasarkan peta yang menunjukkan perjalanan perdagangan di atas, jelaskan persamaan dan perbezaan aktiviti perdagangan antara Kuala Lumpur ke Johor Bahru dengan Kuala Lumpur ke Singapura.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 28

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 3 : KOMPOSISI EKSPORT MALAYSIA “Pengkhususan dalam pengeluaran barang tidak Nampak (seperti pelancongan) adalah lebih baik kepada ekonomi Malaysia berbanding mengkhusus dalam pengeluaran barang Nampak (seperti minyak kelapa sawit).”

Bincangkan pernyataan di atas. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 29

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 4 : KOMPOSIS EKSPORT DAN IMPORT MALAYSIA 1.

Bincangkan secara kumpulan tentang komposis eksport dan import Malaysia dalam era globalisasi. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Apakah tindakan kerajaan sebagai persediaan dalam menghadapi pelaksanaan Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas Asean (AFTA)? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

3.

Malaysia telah membuka pasaran automobile untuk Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas Asean (AFTA). Bincangkan dalam kumpulan secara khusus bagaimana kerajaan dan pengeluar tempatan akan bertindak untuk menghadapi persaingan yang sengit dengan pengedar-pengedar kereta import. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 30

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

4.

Nyatakan komposisi eksport dan import barang nampak, komposisi eksport dan import barang tidak Nampak serta rakan dagang Malaysia. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

31

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 5 : IMBANGAN DAGANGAN Kedudukan imbangan dagangan Malaysia bagi tahun 2001 Eksport dan Import Eksport barang pembuatan Eksport komoditi pertanian Eksport komoditi perlombongan Import barang modal Import barang perkilangan Import barang penggunaan

Jumlah (RM juta) 145 486 8 050 12 239 22 880 103 839 8 312

Berdasarkan maklumat di dalam jadual di atas, tentukan kedudukan imbangan dagangan Malaysia bagi tahun 2001 dengan melengkapkan jadual di bawah. Perkara

RM juta

Jumlah eksport nampak Jumlah import nampak Imbangan dagangan

32

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 6 : IMBANGAN PEMBAYARAN Akaun Semasa A

B C D

1.

2002 Bersih (RM juta) 59 495 68 190 349 471 281 281 -8 695 -13 005 18 158 25 -13 873 -27 780 -8 483 23 232 (Sumber :Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia)

Barang dan Perkhidmatan 1. Barang 1.1 Eksport 1.2 Import 2. Perkhidmatan 2.1 Pengangkutan 2.2 Perjalanan 2.3 Urus Niaga Kerajaan 2.4 Perkhidmatan Lain Pendapatan Pindahan Semasa Imbangan Akaun Semasa

Jadual di atas menunjukkan imbangan semasa Malaysia bagi tahun 2002. Berdasarkan jadual tersebut (a) Terangkan kedudukan akaun dagangan, imbangan perkhidmatan dan imbangan akaun semasa negara. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Jelaskan takrif akaun pendapatan ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (c) Jelaskan mengapa imbangan akaun perkhidmatan adalah negatif. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 33

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 2.

Menggunakan maklumat daripada jadual di bawah, kirakan: Perkara

Pengangkutan Eksport kerajaan Urusan kerajaan Pindahan semasa Perkhidmatan lain Import barang nampak Pendapatan Perjalanan

Nilai Bersih (RM juta) 385 668 -14 124 33 -8 728 -17 178 313 840 -30 490 20 784 (Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002/03)

(a) Imbangan akaun dagangan

(b) Imbangan akaun perkhidmatan

(c) Imbangan akaun semasa

34

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 7 : IMBANGAN PEMBAYARAN Jadual di bawah merupakan imbangan pembayaran Malaysia bagi tahun 2000 dan 2001:

A

B C D E

F G H

2000 Bersih (RM juta) 68 475

Barang dan Perkhidmatan 1. Barang 1.1 Eksport 1.2 Import 2. Perkhidmatan 2.1 Pengangkutan 2.2 Perjalanan 2.3 Urus Niaga Kerajaan 2.4 Perkhidmatan Lain-lain Pendapatan Pindahan Semasa Imbangan Akaun Semasa Akaun Kewangan 1. Pelaburan Langsung 2. Pelaburan Portfolio 3. Pelaburan Lain Kesilapan dan Ketinggalan Imbangan Keseluruhan Aset Rizab

347 033 294 889 -10 670 -11 736

2001 Bersih (RM juta) 61 488 69 854 334 326

-62 -10 030 -28 909 -7 313

-11 352 16 148 25 -13 187 -25 623 -8 178

-23 848 6 694 -9 395 -21 147 -12 107

-14 791 1 091 -2 466 -13 416 -9 234

3 703 -3 662 (Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002/03)

Berdasarkan jadual di atas; (a) Lengkapkan jadual. (b) Terangkan kedudukan akaun dagangan, akaun perkhidmatan, akaun semasa, akaun kewangan dan imbangan keseluruhan. Akaun dagangan _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Akaun perkhidmatan _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Akaun semasa _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

35

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 Akaun kewangan _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Imbangan keseluruhan _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Apakah perbezaan antara imbangan pembayaran tahun 2000 dengan imbangan pembayaran tahun 2001? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

(d) Terangkan pergerakan rizab asing untuk tahun 2000 dan 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

36

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 8 : SEKATAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA SHAH ALAM, 16 Ogos – Malaysia telah lama menggesa Taiwan supaya membuka pasarannya kepada produk-produk daripada Malaysia melalui pengurangan duti import dan menaikkan kuota eksport ke atas produk-produk tertentu, menurut Pengarah (Bahagian Perdagangan) di Pusat Persahabatan dan Perdagangan Malaysia, Rusiah Mohamed di sini hari ini. Dalam taklimat tentang penjenamaan dan reka bentuk pembungkusan bagi pasaran eksport, beliau berkata duti import ke atas keluaran pertanian, terutamanya makanan, dianggap terlalu tinggi di Taiwan. Beliau berkata, dalam sektor makanan sebagai contoh, duti import ditetapkan seperti berikut : buah-buahan dan keluaran buah-buahan seperti tembikai 50 peratus; jus tembikai susu (42 peratus); bunga-bungaan potong (20 hingga 35 peratus), lada hitam (28 peratus); dan makanan laut beku (15 hingga 45 peratus). Malaysia telah diberikan kuota tahunan sebanyak 53 tan untuk mengeksport kelapa ke Taiwan, berbanding dengan kuota lebih tinggi lagi yang diperuntukkan kepada Filipina (4 858 tan) dan Thailand (221 tan). “Kuota bagi kereta kita juga dianggap tidak memadai, kini terhad kepada 1 500 unit setahun,” menurut beliau. Bernama (Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada Utusan Online, 17 Ogos 2003)

1.

Berdasarkan petikan di atas; (a) Mengapakah malaysia menggesa Taiwan menurunkan duti import? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Apakah bentuk sekatan lain yang dikenakan oleh Taiwan kepada Malaysia? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ (c) Terangkan keburukan sekatan perdagangan yang dikenakan oleh Taiwan ke atas Malaysia? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 37

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 (d) Senaraikan dan jelaskan bentuk-bentuk sekatan perdagangan lain yang diamalkan dalam perdagangan antarabangsa. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Secara berkumpulan, dapatkan maklumat tentang jenis-jenis sekatan perdagangan antarabangsa secara mendalam melalui internet. Layari laman web www.kastam.gov.my untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang anda perlukan.

38

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 9 : KEPENTINGAN PERTUKARAN ASING Kumpulkan keratan akhbar tentang berita atau rencana yang menunjukkan kepentingan pertukaran asing kepada sesebuah negara. Tampalkan keratan berita/rencana tersebut di bawah.

39

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 10 : KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING Seorang pelancong dari Britain sedang menulis semula perbelanjaannya di Malaysia setakat ini. Beliau ingin melihat berapakah jumlah Pound Britain yang telah dibelanjakannya setakat ini. Tukarkan setiap satu jenis perbelanjaannya (dalam RM) kepada Pound Britain. Untuk mendapatkan kadar pertukaran terkini dengan tepat, layari laman web http://www.ex.net . Dapatkan kadar pertukaran yang diperlukan dan kirakan anggaran perbelanjaan pelancong ini dalam Pound Britain. Tunjukkan jalan pengiraan. Tarikh Perbelanjaan Penginapan hotel Tambang perjalanan Makanan dan minuman Cenderamata

Kadar Pertukaran Jumlah (RM) 2 570.00 560.00 850.00 1 500.00

40

Pound Britain

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 11 : KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING Berikut merupakan senarai harga burger di beberapa buah negara: Negara Jepun Amerika Syarikat Britain Thailand Singapura Australia

Harga ¥250.00 AS$3.00 £2.00 Bath5.00 S$2.00 AUS$3.40

Layari laman web Universal Converter di alamat http://www.xe.net . Dapatkan kadar pertukaran terkini antara Ringgit Malaysia (RM) berbanding mata wang negara-negara berkenaan. Tarikh Negara

Kadar Pertukaran

Harga Burger (RM)

Jepun Amerika Syarikat Britain Thailand Singapura Australia (a) Tukarkan harga burger di setiap negara dalam sebutan Ringgit Malaysia (RM) dan isikan dalam ruang jadual di atas. Tunjukkan jalan pengiraan pada ruangan di bawah.

(b) Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam (a), di negara manakah harga burger paling mahal bagi pelancong dari Malaysia?

41

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 12 : PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN RM / KESAN PERUBAHAN KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING 1.

2.

Bagi setiap urus niaga di bawah, tandakan DDw bagi urus niaga yang mempengaruhi permintaan Ringgit Malaysia, dan tandakan SSw bagi urus niaga yang mempengaruhi penurunan Ringgit Malaysia.

(a)

Urus Niaga Pengimport Itali mengimport buah-buahan tropika dari Malaysia.

(b)

Pengilang Malaysia mendapatkan bekalan bahan mentah dari Amerika Syarikat.

(c)

Pelancong Malaysia menginap di hotel semasa melancong di Paris.

(d)

Pelajar membeli buku ekonomi yang diimport daripada Amerika Syarikat.

(e)

Pengimport Malaysia mengimport barang dari China.

DDw / SSw

Dengan menggunakan graf di atas; (a) Terangkan pergerakan kadar pertukaran Ringgit Malaysia berbanding mata wang asing di atas. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 42

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 (b) Jelaskan kesan perubahan kadar pertukaran tersebut kepada import dan eksport Malaysia. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

(c) Mengapakah kadar pertukaran Ringgit Malaysia berbanding Dolar Amerika bergaris lurus sepanjang 1998-2002? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

43

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 13 : KESAN PERUBAHAN KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING KE ATAS IMPORT DAN EKSPORT 1.

Layari laman web http://www.ex.net dan dapatkan nilai Ringgit Malaysia. Gunakan maklumat tersebut untuk menjawab soalan berikut: (a) Apakah nilai RM dalam sebutan Pound pada bulan Januari? RM1 = (b) Apakah nilai RM dalam sebutan Pound pada bulan Jun? RM1 = (c) Apakah perubahan nilai RM yang berlaku berbanding Pound? ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (d) Bagaimanakah perubahan nilai Ringgit Malaysia mempengaruhi komposisi eksport dan import negara ke Britain? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

Singapura, 8 Jan – Mencerminkan ekonomi yang suram, Dolar Singapura menanggung penurunan terbesar dalam masa dua bulan. Sesetengah rakyat Singapura percaya mata wang yang lebih lemah akan membuahkan hasil bagi negara pulau itu. Penurunan itu, daripada S$1.7341 kepada S$1.7418 berbanding dengan Dolar Amerika Syarikat, sebelum ditutup pada S$1.7413. Penurunan itu muncul selepas Lembaga Mata Wang Singapura (MAS) mengumumkan bahawa ia akan mengekalkan dasar berkecuali mengenai Dolar Singapura. Ketua Eksekutif Pendapatan, Kongres Kesatuan Sekerja Kebangsaan (NUTC), Tan Kin Lian berkata Dolar Singapura yang lemah mungkin mempertingkatkan eksport negara kerana barangnya akan menjadi lebih murah bagi para pembeli asing. Tan, bercakap secara peribadi pada forum Dewan Perdagangan dan Perindustrian China Singapura baru-baru ini berkata, kenaikan nilai Dolar Singapura berbanding mata wang serantau telah menjadikan sektor perkhidmatan Singapura tidak kompetitif. (Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada Utusan Malaysia, 9 Januari 2003)

44

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 2.

Berdasarkan petikan akhbar tersebut; (a) Catatkan dan tafsirkan kadar pertukaran asing Dolar Singapura berbanding Dolar Amerika. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Apakah kesan yang dijangka ke atas eksport dan import Malaysia dan Singapura ekoran perkembangan ini? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

45

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5 AKTIVITI 14 : KESAN PERUBAHAN IMPORT DAN EKSPORT KE ATAS KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING Komposisi Eksport Malaysia ke Negara-negara Asean terpilih : Tahun /Negara 1998 1999

Thailand 9 057 10 474

Singapura 48 672 53 087

Eksport (RM juta) Indonesia 3 932 4 677

Myanmar 1 146 890

Vietnam 1 468 1 462

Berdasarkan data ekonomi di atas, lengkapkan jadual di bawah mengikut contoh yang diberikan.

Perubahan eksport dan kesannya ke atas kadar pertukaran asing bagi Ringgit Malaysia Aspek /Negara Eksport

Thailand

Singapura

Indonesia

Permintaan ke atas RM Pasaran pertukaran asing Kadar pertukaran asing bagi RM

46

Myanmar

Vietnam