Analisa Operasional! (Gerakan Kerja)! ANALISA DAN PENGUKURAN KERJA

Jurusan'Teknik'Industri' Semester'Gasal'2014/2015'

Analisa Operasional ! (Gerakan Kerja)! ANALISA DAN PENGUKURAN KERJA

Debrina Puspita Andriani e"Mail':'[email protected]' Blog':'http://debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id/'

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Methods(Study(

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JOB(DESIGN(:(( METHODS(STUDY(+(WORK(MEASUREMENT( WORK(STUDY,(ANALYSIS,(DESIGN,(or( METHODS(ENGINEERING(

METHODS(( STUDY(

MEASUREMENT(

Resulting(in(more(( effective(use(of(( Manpower,(Material,( Machine,(and(Working( environment(

Making(possible( improved(Planning(and( Control,(Manning((and( as(a(basis(for(Sound( Incentives(Schemes(

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WORK(

HIGH(PRODUCTIVITY( 5(

!  METHODS(STUDY(:(the(part(

of(methods(engineering( normally(involving(an( examination(and(analysis(of( an(operation(or(a(work(cycle( broken(down(into(its( constituent(parts(to(improve( the(operation,(eliminate( unnecessary(steps,((and/(or( establish(and(record(in(detail( a(proposed(method(of( performance(

!  WORK(MEASUREMENT(:(A(

process(for(measuring(the( required(time(for(performing( a(given(task,(by(a(given( method,(by(a(trained( worker,(working(in(a(normal( pace.' www.debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id(

Langkah\langkah(( Penelitian(Kerja(

Penelitian( Kerja(

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PRINSIP2(PENGATURAN( METODE(KERJA( • (Ergonomi( • (Studi(gerakan( • (Ekonomi(gerakan( TEKNIK2(( PENGUKURAN(KERJA( • (Pengukuran(waktu( • (Pengukuran(tenaga( • (Pengukuran(dampak(((((( (((psikologis(&(sosiologis( Produktivitas( lebih(tinggi(

6(

Beberapa( alternatif( sistem(kerja( yang(lebih( baik(

Alternatif( sistem( kerja( terbaik(


METHODS( STUDY( METHODS-STUDY-

COMPONENTS-OFMETHODS-STUDY-

Adalah(kegiatan(pencatatan(secara(sistematis(dan(pemeriksaan( dengan(seksama(mengenai(cara(–(cara(yang(berlaku(atau( diusulkan(untuk(melaksanakan(kerja.(Sasaran(pokoknya(adalah( mencari,(mengembangkan,(dan(menerapkan(metode(kerja( yang(terbaik,(dengan(tujuan(akhir(waktu(penyelesaian(yang( lebih(cepat.( ( Terdapat(4(macam(komponen(yang(harus(dipelajari(untuk( mendapatkan(metode(kerja(terbaik.( " KOMPONEN(MANUSIA(:(bagaimana(posisi(pekerja(agar( mampu(menghasilkan(gerakan(nyaman.( "

" " 22/10/2014(

KOMPONEN(MATERIAL(:(bagaimana(cara(menempatkan( material,(jenis(material(yang(mudah(diproses.(Contoh:( bahan(baku,(komponen,(parts,(limbah,(dll( KOMPONEN(MESIN:(bagaimana(desain(permesinan(dan/( atau(peralatan(kerja(lainnya,(apakah(telah(ergonomis?( KOMPONEN(LINGKUNGAN(KERJA(FISIK(:(bagaimana( kondisi(lingkungan(kerja(fisik(,(apakah(telah(ergonomis?' 7( www.debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id(

LANGKAH\LANGKAH( M-E-T-H-O-D-S--S-T-U-D-YIDENTIFIKASI' aktivitas'kerja'yang' akan'ditelaah,'dan' lakukan'analisis' terhadap'komponen" komponen'sistem' kerjanya.'

APLIKASI'rancangan' tata'cara'kerja'baru,' dan'evaluasi.'

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Jadikan'pekerja'dan/ atau'supervisor'yang' ada'sebagai'sumber' INFORMASI'dan' libatkan'mereka'dalam' proses'perubahan/ perbaikan'yang'akan' dilakukan.'

Buat'ANALISA'dan' langkah/prosedur'kerja' dengan'menggunakan' “peta'kerja”'sebagai' alat'untuk'melakukan' analisa'yang''sistematis' dan'logis.'

Buat'dalam'beberapa' alternatif'dan'PILIH' alternatif'yang'terbaik'

Buat'RANCANGAN' langkah/metoda'kerja' baru'dengan' menerapkan'prinsip'"' prinsip'ekonomi' gerakan,'simplifikasi' kerja,'dll.'

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TARGET(( tidak(terpenuhi(

Lingkungan(kerja( tidak(ENASE(

Peningkatan( PRODUKTIVITAS( 9(

WHEN( &( WHERE( ?(

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“BOTTLE(NECK”(( !(idle,(late(



22/10/2014(

Studi(Ekonomi(Gerakan(

S(T(U(D(I((( E(K(O(N(O(M(I((G(E(R(A(K(A(N( !  Adalah'kondisi'pekerjaan'yang'memungkinkan'dilakukannya'

gerakan"gerakan'secara'ekonomis,'yaitu'dengan'eliminasi' kegiatan,'kombinasi'gerakan/aktivitas'kerja,'dan' penyederhanaan'kegiatan'dengan'memperhatikan'faktor" faktor'sebagai'berikut:'

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PRINSIP(–(PRINSIP(( EKONOMI(GERAKAN( • 

Gunakan'dua'tangan'pada'saat'bekerja' secara'serentak,'simetris;'mulai'dan' mengakhiri'gerakan'pada'saat'yang'sama.'

• 

Gerakan'kontinyu'dan'membentuk'kurva' akan'lebih'baik'dibandingkan'dengan' gerakan'lurus,'patah'patah'dan'berubah' arah'secara'tiba"tiba.'

• 

Atur'gerakan'kerja'dalam'suatu'irama'kerja' yang'enak'dan'mudah.'Gerakan'harus' diatur'dalam'urutan'yang'tepat'tanpa'harus' banyak'“idle”.'Gerakan'kerja'satu'sedapat' mungkin'berakhir'berdekatan'dengan'awal' gerakan'berikutnya.'

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Posisi'siku'dan'lengan'sedekat'mungkin' dekat'dengan'tubuh'[badan]'pada'saat' bekerja.'Gerakan'kerja'jari"jari'tangan'akan' lebih'menghemat'enersi'dibandingkan' dengan'lengan'atau'gerakan'tubuh.'

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Penggunaan(badan/ anggota(tubuh(manusia(


Hindari'tangan'untuk'berada'dalam'posisi' statis,'untuk'itu'penggunaan'jigs,'fixture' ataupun'clamp'akan'sangat'dianjurkan'untuk' memegang'benda'kerja'dalam'waktu'yang' relatif'tetap'dan'lama.'

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Eliminasi'gerakan'material(handling(ataupun' loading'/'unloading'dan'manfaatkan' pengaruh'gravitasi'untuk'memindahkan' material.'

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Atur'stasiun'kerja'sedemikan'rupa'sehingga' gerakan"gerakan'kerja'tidak'harus'melawan' gaya'gravitasi.'Atur'pula'letak'komponen,' material,'peralatan'kerja'pada'posisi'tetap,' teratur'sehingga'gampang'dicari'dan' dijangkau.'

• 

Pilih'alternatif'yang'terbaik'untuk'posisi'kerja' yang'harus'dilakukan'oleh'operator,'apakah' kerja'harus'dilakukan'sambil'duduk,'berdiri,' jongkok,'berbaring,'dan'sebagainya.'

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Perancangan(alat\alat( dan(perlengkapan(kerja(


Atur'ketinggian'tempat'kerja'dan'dimensi" dimensi'kerja'lainnya'sesuai'dengan'ukuran' tubuh'(anthropometri)'operator'sehingga'kerja' dapat'dilakukan'secara'nyaman'dan'tidak' melelahkan.'

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Gunakan'cara'kerja'yang'mampu'menghemat' pemakaian'enerji'fisik'manusia.'Gunakan' prinsip'mekanisasi'fasilitas'kerja'seperti' penggunaan'power'tool,'material'handling' equipment,'multi"purpose'tools,'dll.' Implementasikan'konsep'“working'smarter'not' harder”.'

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Rancang'dan'jaga'lingkungan'fisik'kerja' (temperatur,'humidity,'noise,'lighting,'dll)' yang'nyaman'dan'aman.''

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Atur'aktivitas'kerja'dengan'memberikan'skedul' istirahat'untuk'melepaskan'lelah'dan'rasa' bosan'secara'teratur.''

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Orderliness,'cleaness'and'good'house'keeping!'

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Tempat(kerja(berlangsung('


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Studi(Gerakan(/(( Motion-Study-

Studi(Gerakan(/(( Motion-StudyAdalah'studi'tentang'gerakan"gerakan'yang'dilakukan'pekerja' untuk'menyelesaikan'pekerjaannya'secara'efektif'dan'efisien.'

Visual'Motion' Study'

Elemen'Gerakan' THERBLIGS'

Studi'Gerakan' Micromotion' Study'

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NO( NAMA(THERBLIGS(

LAMBANG(

WARNA(

Sh(

Black(

1(

Mencari([Search](

2(

Menemukan(([Find](

F(

Gray(

3(

Memilih([Select](

Sl(

Gray,(Light(

4(

Memegang([Grasp](

G(

Lake(Red(

5(

Memegang(untuk(Memakai([Hold](

H(

Gold(Ochre(

6(

Membawa(dengan(beban([Transport(Loaded](

TL(

Green(

7(

Menjangkau(/(membawa(tanpa(beban([Transport(Empty](

TE(

Olive(Green(

8(

Mengarahkan([Position](

P(

Blue(

9(

Merakit([Assemble](

A(

Violet,(Heavy(

U(

Purple(

DA(

Violet(

I(

Burn(Ochre(

13( Mengarahkan(awal([Pre\Position](

PP(

Sky(Blue(

14( Melepas([Release(Load](

RL(

Carmine(Red(

15( Keterlambatan(yang(tak(terhindarkan([Unavoidable(Delay](

UD(

Yellow(Ochre(

16( Keterlambatan(yang(terhindarkan([Avoidable(Delay](

AD(

Lemon(Yellow(

Pn(

Brown(

R(

Orange(

10( Memakai([Use]( 11( Mengurai(rakitan([Disassembly]( 12( Memeriksa([Inspection](

17(22/10/2014( Merencanakan([Plan](

17(

18( Istirahat(untuk(Menghilangkan(Lelah([Rest(to(Overcome(Fatigue](


'

More'in':''http://gilbrethnetwork.tripod.com/therbligs.html' 22/10/2014(

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Elemen(Gerakan(Therbligs((1)( S'E'A'R'C'H''

F(I(N(D'

•  The'Search'motion'starts'when'the'eyes'and/or'hand'start'to'seek'the'object'needed' and'ends'just'as'the'object'is'located.' •  If'there'is'an'enigma'in'the'Therblig'system,'Find'is'it.'Dr.'Barnes'eliminated'this' Therblig,'explaining'that'it'was'a'mental'reaction,'at'the'end'of'the'Search'cycle.'

S(E(L(E(C(T'

•  This'Therblig'may'be'considered'a'part'of'Search.'However,'through'usage'by'the' Gilbreths,'it'was'found'to'indicate'locating'an'object'from'a'group'of'similar'objects.'

G'R'A'S'P'

•  In'simplest'terms,'Grasp'is'when'the'worker's'hand'grabs'the'object.'The'Therblig' ends'when'the'next'Therblig,'of'Use'or'Transport'Loaded,'begins.'

H(O(L(D'

•  Dr.'Barnes'said'this'Therblig'was'"....the'retention'of'an'object'after'it'has'been' grasped,'[with]'no'movement'of'the'object'taking'place.”'

REST(FOR( FATIGUE'

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•  This'Therblig'is'actually'a'lack'of'motion'and'is'only'found'where'the'rest'is' prescribed'by'the'job'or'taken'by'the'worker.' 19(


Elemen(Gerakan(Therbligs((2)' TRANSPORT( LOADED'

TRANSPORT( EMPTY'

P(O(S(I(T(I(O(N'

ASSEMBLE'

U((S((E'

DISASSEMBLE'

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•  This'Therblig'begins'after'Grasp'where'the'hand'is'doing'"work"'by'moving'the'weight'of' an'object,'and'ends'when'just'before'the'Release'Load,'Use'or'Assemble'Therbligs.''

•  This'is'the'motion'of'moving'the'unloaded'hand'from'the'point'of'Release'Load,' to'the'next'function'within'the'sequence.'' •  This'motion'is'the'act'of'placing'the'object'in'the'proper'orientation'for'Use.' •  This'Therblig'starts'when'two'or'more'parts'are'placed'together'(a'peg'into'a'hole)'and' ends'when'either'the'assembled'object'is'Transport'Loaded'or'when'the'hand'reaches'for' another'part'(Transport'Empty).'

•  This'Therblig'should'not'be'confused'with'Assemble.'Use'is'when'an'object'is' being'operated'as'it'was'intended,'and'typically'denotes'a'tool.'' •  This'motion'is'essentially'the'opposite'of'Assemble,'depending'on'the' circumstances.'' 20(


Elemen(Gerakan(Therbligs((3)' I'N'S'P'E'C'T'

PRE\POSITION'

RELEASE(LOAD'

•  This'Therblig'involves'the'act'of'comparing'the'object'with'a'predetermined' standard.''

•  This'is'the'motion'of'replacing'an'item'in'the'proper'orientation'for'it's'next'Use.'

•  This'motion'involves'releasing'the'object'when'it'reaches'its'destination.'

UNAVOIDABLE' DELAY'

•  This'Therblig'is'measured'from'the'point'where'a'hand'is'inactive'to'the'point'where' it'becomes'active'again,'with'another'Therblig.'

AVOIDABLE( DELAY'

•  This'counterpart'to'Unavoidable'Delay,'involves'inactive'time'the'worker'encounters' over'which'he/she'has'control.'

P((L((A((N'

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•  This'Therblig'is'a'mental'function,'which'may'occur'before'Assemble'(deciding' which'part'goes'next)'or'prior'to'Inspection,'noting'which'flaws'to'look'for.'' 21(


Klasifikasi(Elemen(Gerakan(Therbligs(( (menurut(Shiego(Singo)' EFFECTIVE( THERBLIGS(

INEFFECTIVE( THERBLIGS(

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Kelompok'Utama'(Objective' Basic'Division)' • Assemble' • Disassemble' • Use'

Kelompok'Penunjang'(Physical' Basic'Division)' • Reach' • Grasp' • Move' • Release'Load'

Kelompok'Pembantu'' (Mental'/'Semi"Mental'Basic' Division)' • Search' • Select' • Position' • Inspect' • Hold' • Preposition'

Kelompok'Gerakan'Elemen' Luar'(Delay)' • Unavoidable'delay' • Avoidable'delay' • Rest'to'overcome'fatigue' • Plan''

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M(I(C(R(O(M(O(T(I(O(N((( S(T(U(D(Y( • 

is'the'study'of'the'fundamental'element'or' subdivisions'of'an'operation'by'mean'of'a' motion'picture'camera'and'a'timing'device' which'accurately'indicates'the'time' intervals'on'the'motion'picture'film'

• 

Micromotion'Study'provides'a'technique' for'recording'and'timing'an'activity.'

• 

It'consists'of'taking'motion'picture'of'the' operation'with'a'clock'in'the'picture'or'with' a'motion'picture'camera'or'video'camera' operating'at'constant'and'known'speed'

• 

Advantages'of'micromotion'studies'over' direct'observation.' •  Greater'details'are'made'availalble' •  More'accurate' •  Easier'in'data'collection' •  Better'for'record'keeping'' •  Help''in'work'study'personnel's' development(

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M(I(C(R(O(M(O(T(I(O(N((( S(T(U(D(Y( •  The'procedure'of'

improving'methods' consists'of':' 1.  filming'the'operation'

SIMO((Simultaneous(Motion)( Chart(

to'be'studied' 2.  analyzing'the'film' 3.  charting'the'results'of' the'analysis'(SIMO' Chart)' 4.  developing'an' improved'method' through'the'problem' solving'process'' 22/10/2014(

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MEMOMOTION(STUDY( !  In'Micro"motion'Study,'the'speed'of'the'camera'used'ranges' from'10'fps'or'100'frames'per'minute'(fpm).'But'faster'cameras' may'be'used'to'study'very'fast'hand'motions'or'complex' operations.' !  In'memomotion'study,'the'camera'speed'is'at'60'or'100'frames'per'

minute.'Introduced'by'Marvin'Mundel.'

!  It'costs'less'than'micromotion'study'(only'costs'6%'of'the'cost'of'a'

micromotion'study.'

'

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- Unknown -

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Analisa Operasional! (Gerakan Kerja)! ANALISA DAN PENGUKURAN KERJA

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