AN ANALYSIS OF PARATAXIS AND HYPOTAXIS IN THE POLITICAL ARTICLESOF THE JAKARTA POST IN SEPTEMBER 2012 EDITION
By: RITA PUSPITASARI WIDIASTUTI NIM 200932158
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013
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AN ANALYSIS OF PARATAXIS AND HYPOTAXIS IN THE POLITICAL ARTICLESOF THE JAKARTA POST IN SEPTEMBER 2012 EDITION
SKRIPSI Presented to the University of Muria Kudus in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in the Department of English Education
By: RITA PUSPITASARI WIDIASTUTI NIM 200932158
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVESITY 2013
MOTTTO AND DEDICATION
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MOTTO Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind. “Real success is determined by two factors. The first is faith and second is action”.(Albert Einstein)
DEDICATION This skripsi is dedicated to: My beloved father and mother. My beloved sister and brothers. My beloved boyfriend. My beloved friend.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful, in this occasion, I like to express gratitude to the God, Allah S. W. T, who has given mercies and blessing so I can accomplish this skripsi entitled An Analysis of Parataxis and Hypotaxis in the Political Articles of the Jakarta Post in September 2012 Edition. During compilation of this skripsi, many people have earned my gratitude for helping this skripsi. I would like offer particular thanks for the following contribution.They are: 1. Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd as the dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University. 2. Diah Kurniati, S. Pd, M.Pd, as the head of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University 3. Rismiyanto, S. S, M. Pd as second advisor who has given spirit, instruction, wise tuition, accurate and an existing impression till thi skripsi can be accomplished. 4. The entire lecturers of English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty who have been supplying a wide knowledge and giving motivation so the writer can finish this skripsi. 5. My parents whoalways support and pray the success, give material and spiritual aid and lots of motivation. 6. My sister and my brother who always be a motivation to complete this skripsi.
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7. My boyfriend, Tomy who always accompanies and supports me. 8. All my best friends who always support the accomplishment of the skripsi. 9. All people who gave aid support for accomplishment of this skripsi.
Kudus, July 2013
Rita Puspitasari Widiastuti
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ABSTRACT
Widiastuti, Rita Puspitasari. 2013. An Analysis of Parataxis and Hypotaxis in the Political Articlesof the Jakarta Post in September 2012 Edition.Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors:(I) Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M. Pd, (II) Rismiyanto S.S, M.Pd. Key words: Parataxis, hypotaxis, political articles, the Jakarta Post Language has so many interelationships with various aspects of human life. According to Halliday language is divided into written and spoken. In written language is more difficult than spooken one, so the autor have to pay attention with grammar to produce a text. A text consists of clauses. Based on whether the clause can stand alone or not, it is divided into dependent and independent clause. Meanwhile, we can call parataxis and hypotaxis base on the system of interdepency or taxis.Study about paratxis and hypotaxis, it is still confusing for the students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. To solve this problem, the teacher should use media. There are a lot of media in our environment. One of them is newspaper. A newspaper consists of many sentences and clauses which are parataxis and hypotaxis. The english newspaper in Indonesia is the Jakarta Post. The Jakarta Post has a lot of news.The political articles to be analyzed because the political articles of the Jakarta Post there are clause complex which can be analyzed. And the political articles has some clause that difficult to be understood and there are clauses that compose clause complex, whether it is parataxis or hypotaxis. The objective of the Research is to find out the parataxis and hypotaxis realized in the political article of the Jakarta Post in September 2012 edition. This is a qualitative descriptive research. The data of this reseach is parataxis and hypotaxis which are realized in the political article of Jakarta Post in September 2012 edition. And the data source is the political articles of the Jakarta Post in September 2012 edition. In the findings of the research, the analysis shows that the five political articles of the Jakarta Post in September 2012 dominantly use hypotaxis constructions. In the first political articles there are 10 parataxis and 17 hypotaxis. In the second poliical articles there are 8 parataxis and 18 hypotaxis. In the third poliical articles there are 9 parataxis and 19 hypotaxis. In the fourth poliical articles there are 2 parataxis and 10 hypotaxis. And In the fifth poliical articles there are 13 parataxis and 15 hypotaxis. Based on the finding of the reseacher, I can indicate thatthe writers of the Jakarta Post want to present their argumants as sub ordinate by hypotatically constructing the text which they have good English competence. And it shares
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more information in densed sentence. But then, we should realize and avoid to think that hypotaxis is better that parataxis conversely. They just express their idea as equal statusto make easier to the beginer English learners and to express the idea in simple sentence. So there is a good chance in employing parataxis and hypotaxis in text to give valuable contribution to the English learnersto improve their idea in English effectively. This research can be usefull for the students to increase their knowledge about parataxis and hypotaxis. And for the lecturers can use the Jakarta Post as a source or reference in giving materials for the students.
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ABSTRAK
Widiastuti, Rita Puspitasari. 2013.Analisis Parataxis dan Hypotaxis dalam Artikel Politik di Jakarta Post pada Bulan September Edisi 2012.Skripsi.Program StudiPendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus.Pembimbing:(i) Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M. Pd. (ii) Rismiyanto S.S, M.Pd. Kata-kata kunci:Parataxis, hypotaxis, artikel politik, Jakarta Post
Bahasa memiliki banyak hubungan dengan berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Menurut Halliday bahasa dibagi menjadi lisan dan tulisan. Dalam bahasa tulis lebih sulit daripada lisan, sehingga penulis harus memperhatikan tata bahasa untuk menghasilkan teks. Sebuah teks terdiri dari klausa. Berdasarkan pada, apakah klausa dapat berdiri sendiri atau tidak, dibagi menjadi klausa berdiri sendiri dan kalusa yang bergantung. Sementara itu, kita dapat menyebutnya parataxis dan hypotaxis berdasarkan pada sistem interdepency atau taxsi. Pembelajaran tentang paratxis dan hypotaxis, masih membingungkan bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muria Kudus. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, guru harus menggunakan media. Ada banyak media di sekitar kita. Salah satunya adalah surat kabar. Sebuah surat kabar terdiri dari banyak kalimat dan klausa yang terdiri dari parataxis dan hypotaxis. Surat kabar bebahasa Inggris di Indonesia adalah Jakarta Post. Jakarta Post memiliki banyak berita. Artikel politik dianalisis karena artikel politik Jakarta Post terdapat klausa kompleks yang dapat dianalisis. Dan artikel politik memiliki beberapa klausa yang sulit dipahami dan ada klausa yang membentuk klausa kompleks, apakah itu parataxis atau hypotatis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui parataxis dan hypotaxis direalisasikan dalam artikel politik di Jakarta Post edisi September 2012. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dari penelitian ini adalah parataxis dan hypotaxis yang diwujudkan dalam artikel politik Jakarta Post pada September 2012 edisi. Dan sumber data adalah artikel politik di Jakarta Post edisi September 2012. Dalam penemuan penelitian, analisis menunjukkan bahwa lima artikel politik Jakarta Post pada September 2012 dominan menggunakan konstruksi hypotaxis. Dalam artikel politik pertama ada 10 parataxis dan 17 hypotaxis. Dalam artikel poliical kedua ada 8 parataxis dan 18 hypotaxis. Dalam artikel poliical ketiga ada 9 parataxis dan 19 hypotaxis. Dalam artikel poliical keempat ada 2 parataxis dan 10 hypotaxis. Dan Dalam artikel poliical kelima ada 13 parataxis dan 15 hypotaxis. Berdasarkan penemuan penelitian, saya bisa menyimpulkan bahwa para penulis Jakarta Post ingin menyajikan argumants mereka secara sub ordinat
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hypotatically dalam membuat teks, mereka memiliki kompetensi bahasa Inggris yang baik karena mereka tidak memiliki kesulitan dalam mewujudkan ide-ide ke dalam tulisan dan menggunakan berbagai gaya membangun parataxis dan hypotaxis. Dan saham informasi lebih lanjut dalam kalimat densed. Tapi kemudian, kita harus menyadari dan menghindari untuk berpikir hypotaxis yang lebih baik yang parataxis sebaliknya. Mereka hanya mengekspresikan ide mereka sebagai status yang sama untuk memudahkan untuk beginer Inggris peserta didik dan untuk mengekspresikan ide dalam kalimat sederhana. Jadi ada kesempatan baik dalam mempekerjakan parataxis dan hypotaxis dalam teks untuk memberikan kontribusi yang berharga bagi pelajar bahasa Inggris untuk meningkatkan ide mereka dalam bahasa Inggris secara efektif. Penelitian ini dapat berguna bagi para siswa untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka tentang parataxis dan hypotaxis. Dan untuk para dosen dapat menggunakan Jakarta Post sebagai sumber atau acuan dalam memberikan materi bagi siswa.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ............................................................................................................... i LOGO ................................................................................................................. ii TITLE ................................................................................................................. iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION ......................................................................... iv ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ................................................................................ v EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................ vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. vii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... ix ABSTRAKS ....................................................................................................... xi TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xiii LIST OF TABLESxvii LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................................................ xviii LIST OF SYMBOLS ...................................................................................... xix CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research ...........................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................. 4 1.3 objective of the Research ..................................................................................4 1.4 Significance of the Research ............................................................................ 4 1.5Scope of the Research .......................................................................................5 1.6 Operational Definition ................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Discourse ......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Grammar .......................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Traditional Grammar ................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Formal Grammar ...........................................................................................8 2.2.3 Functional Grammar ..................................................................................... 8 2.3 Rank Scale ........................................................................................................ 9
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2.3.1 Clause Complex........................................................................................ 10 2.3.2 Clause ....................................................................................................... 10 2.3.3 Group/ Phrase .......................................................................................... 11 2.3.4 Word .........................................................................................................11 2.3.5 Morpheme ................................................................................................. 11 2.4 Type of Relation between Clauses ............................................................... 12 2.5 Conjunction ................................................................................................... 18 2.6 Text and Taxis ............................................................................................... 19 2.7 Political Issue as Editorial Article .................................................................. 20 2.8 Review of Previous Research ......................................................................... 21 2.9Theoretical Framework ...................................................................................22 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Design of the Research ................................................................................. 24 3.2.Dataand Data Source .................................................................................... 25 3.3 Data Collection ............................................................................................ 25 3.4. Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 26 CHAPTER IVFINDING OF THE RESEARCH 4.1 Parataxis andHypotaxis in Political Articles of the Jakarta Post in September 2012 Edition ..................................................................................................30 4.1.1The First Article “Political parties ignore requests for financial reports” .. 30 4.1.2 The Second Article “Ministry thumbs nose at KPK ................................ 35 4.1.3 The Third Article“Jakartans want change, but is Jokowi the man for the job?” ........................................................................................................ 40
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4.1.4 The Fourth Article“KPK gives stay-away cops 12-hour grilling” .......... 44 4.1.5 The Fifth Article “Experts predict Jokowi to face challenges from Council, citizens” ....................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTERV DISCUSSION OF THE RESEARCH 5.1 Parataxis and Hypotaxis in the Political Articles of the Jakarta Post in September 2012 Edition ............................................................................. 55 CHAPTER VICONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 73 6.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................... 74 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 76 APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 78 STATEMENT ................................................................................................... .9 3 CURRICULUM VITAE ................................................................................... 94
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
2.4
Three Types of Relationship ...............................................
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4.1
The Frist Article “Political parties ignore requests for financial
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reports” .............................................................. 4.2
The Second Article “Ministry thumbs nose at KPK” .............
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4.3
The Third Article “Jakartans want change, but is Jokowi the man
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for the job?” ............................................................. 4.4
The Fourth Article “KPK gives stay-away cops 12-hour grilling”
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........................................................................... 4.5
The Fifth Article “Experts predict Jokowi to face challenges from
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Council, citizens” ......................................................... 4.6
The result of parataxis and hypotaxis in the politicaal articles of the
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Jakarta Post in September 2012 Edition ...................... 4.7
The amount of parataxis and hypotaxis in the politicaal articles of the Jakarta Post in September 2012 Edition ..........
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
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1. Political Articles of the Jakarta Post 2012 Edition.....................
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LIST OF SYMBOLS
Notations
Meaning
Cat
: Category
LSR
: Logico-Semantic Relation
P
: Parataxis (1, 2, 3, and so on)
H
: Hypotaxis (α, β, γ, and so on)
E
: Expansion
El
: Elaboration (=)
Ex
: Extension (+)
En
: Enhancement (x)
Pr
: Projection
L
: Locution (“)
I
: Idea („)
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