AN ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL RELATIONS AND MEANING PROPERTIES IN ARTICLES IN THE JAKARTA POST DAILY NEWSPAPER
A THESIS BY: WINDY AGINTA REG. STUDENT NO: 050705015
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA MEDAN 2009
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to thank to Allah SWT who has given her all of the blessing, ease and talent, so that the writer can finish her thesis entitled “An Analysis of Lexical Relations and Meaning Properties in Articles in The Jakarta Post Daily Newspaper”. The writer would like to thank to the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A. Ph.D, also to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum and Drs. Yulianus Harefa, MEd TESOL as the Head and Secretary of English Department, and to Bang Syamsul for all of assistances and facilities that given to her and for all their attentions in her academic affairs. The writer would like to express her special thanks to her supervisor Drs. Umar Mono, M.Hum and her co-supervisor Dra. Roswita Silalahi, Dip. TESOL., M.Hum for guiding, giving support, and having shared their ideas, times and patience. The writer would also like to thank to Drs. Syahri Saja, M.A as her academic advisor and to all of the lecturers in English Department who taught much and contributed the knowledge during her academic years. The writer would like to express her lovely thanks to her beloved parents, Zulkarnain and Ferry Hermita and her sisters, kak Mia, kak Tina and Winda and also her big family. Thank you for the great love, supports and prays in her life. The writer would like to express her special lovely thanks to Aldin Lukman Hakim for always be in her side. You are her motivation.
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The writer would also like to express her great thanks to all her best friends, Sinta, Febby, Lili, Mala, Ira, Nida, Irene, Novi, Diana, Kinoy, Mediana, Sari, Maya, Kiki, Essy, etc. and thank you for love, assistances and supports. The writer would also thanks to all members of class 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 that have given supports. Last but not least, for all of her friends and people who know her. The writer would like to apologize for unable to write all of your names, but the writer hope you always know that you are always be as the important part of her life. Thank you very much.
Medan, June 2009
Windy Aginta
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul ‘An Analysis of Lexical Relations and Meaning Properties in Articles in The Jakarta Post Daily Newspaper’ ini membahas tentang hubungan leksikal (Lexical Relations) dan komponen makna (Meaning Properties) yang terdapat pada artikel-artikel di koran harian The Jakarta Post. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis menerapkan studi kepustakaan yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data tentang hubungan leksikal (Lexical Relations) dan komponen makna (Meaning Properties) yang terdapat pada artikel-artikel di koran harian The Jakarta Post, kemudian menganalisisnya dan menentukan jenis hubungan leksikal (Lexical Relations) dan komponen makna (Meaning Properties) yang paling dominan. Pembagian jenis hubungan leksikal (Lexical Relations) dan komponen makna (Meaning Properties) pada skripsi ini mengacu pada pendapat dari F.R.Palmer (1976) dan Geoffrey Leech (1981) yang membagi hubungan leksikal (Lexical Relations) menjadi hiponim (hyponyms), meronim (meronyms), homonim (homonyms), sinonim (synonyms) dan antonim (antonyms) dan juga membagi komponen makna (Meaning Properties) menjadi kebermaknaan (meaningfulness), ambigu (ambiguity), berlebihan (redundancy), penyimpangan (anomaly) dan berlawanan (contradictory). Dalam artikel-artikel di koran harian The Jakarta Post, ditemukan 18 hubungan leksikal (Lexical Relations) yang terdiri dari 8 antonim (antonyms) (44,4%), 8 sinonim (synonyms) (44,4%), 2 hiponim (hyponyms) (11,1%), 0 homonim (homonyms) (0%), 0 meronim (meronyms) (0%) dan 321 komponen makna (Meaning Properties) yang terdiri dari 319 kebermaknaan (meaningfulness) (99,37%), 1 berlawanan (contradictory) (0,31%), 1 penyimpangan (anomaly) (0,31%), 0 ambigu (ambiguity) (0%), 0 berlebihan (redundancy) (0%).
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ABBREVIATIONS
Adv.
: Adverb
Conj. Adv.
: Conjunctive Adverb
Coor. Conj.
: Coordinating Conjunction
Cor. Conj.
: Correlative Conjunction
DC
: Dependent Clause
Freq.
: Frequency
IC
: Independent Clause
O
: Object
P
: Predicate
Prep.
: Preposition
Punc.
: Punctuation
Relative Pr.
: Relative Pronoun
S
: Subject
Sub.Conj.
: Subordinating Conjunction
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ iii ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................ v CHAPTER I :
CHAPTER II :
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 1.1
Background of the Analysis ................................................... 1
1.2
Problems of the Analysis ....................................................... 4
1.3
Objectives of the Analysis ..................................................... 5
1.4
Significances of the Analysis ................................................. 5
1.5
Scope of the Analysis ............................................................. 5
1.6
Review of Related Literature ................................................. 6
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................... 8 2.1
Theory of Semantics .............................................................. 8
2.2
Goals of Semantics Theory .................................................... 9
2.3
Types of Meaning ................................................................ 10
2.4
Lexical Relations .................................................................. 13 2.4.1 Hyponyms ................................................................... 14 2.4.2 Meronyms ................................................................... 15 2.4.3 Homonyms .................................................................. 16 2.4.4 Synonyms .................................................................... 17 2.4.5 Antonyms .................................................................... 18
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2.5
Meaning Properties .............................................................. 21 2.5.1 Meaningfulness ........................................................... 22 2.5.2 Ambiguity ................................................................... 37 2.5.3 Redundancy ................................................................. 39 2.5.4 Anomaly ...................................................................... 40 2.5.5 Contradictory............................................................... 41
CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY...................................................................... 42 3.1
Research Method .................................................................. 42
3.2
Data Collecting Method ....................................................... 42
3.3
Data Analysis Procedure ...................................................... 42
CHAPTER IV : THE ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL RELATIONS AND MEANING PROPERTIES IN ARTICLES IN THE JAKARTA POST DAILY NEWSPAPER .................................. 44 4.1
4.2
4.3
The Existence of Lexical Relations...................................... 44 4.1.1
The Existence of Hyponyms .................................... 44
4.1.2
The Existence of Meronyms .................................... 45
4.1.3
The Existence of Homonyms ................................... 46
4.1.4
The Existence of Synonyms ..................................... 46
4.1.5
The Existence of Antonyms ..................................... 49
The Existence of Meaning Properties .................................. 53 4.2.1
The Existence of Meaningfulness ............................ 53
4.2.2
The Existence of Ambiguity .................................. 207
4.2.3
The Existence of Redundancy................................ 208
4.2.4
The Existence of Anomaly ..................................... 208
4.2.5
The Existence of Contradictory ............................. 208
The Percentage of the Data ................................................ 209
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CHAPTER V :
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ................................ 212 5.1
Conclusions ........................................................................ 212
5.2
Suggestions ........................................................................ 213
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 214 APPENDICES: MEANINGFULNESS TYPES OF SENTENCES ARTICLES IN THE JAKARTA POST DAILY NEWSPAPER
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