ANALISIS PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU PEMANASAN
PADA KATALIS PLATFORMING Pt/Al2O3 TERHADAP AGLOMERASI PLATINA DI RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE AND HEATING TIME EFFECT
ON Pt/Al2O3 PLATFORMING CATALYST OF PLATINA AGGLOMERATION
IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PERTAMINA COMPANY (PERSERO)
TUGAS AKHIR
Oleh Lian Artini
091431018
PROGRAM STUDI ANALIS KIMIA JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG BANDUNG 2012
ANALISIS PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU PEMANASAN
PADA KATALIS PLATFORMING Pt/Al2O3 TERHADAP AGLOMERASI PLATINA DI RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE AND HEATING TIME EFFECT
ON Pt/Al2O3 PLATFORMING CATALYST OF PLATINA AGGLOMERATION
IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PERTAMINA COMPANY (PERSERO)
Laporan ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat menyelesaikan pendidikan Diploma III Analis Kimia
Oleh: Lian Artini 091431018
PROGRAM STUDI ANALIS KIMIA JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG 2012
CURRICULUM VITAE
NAMA NIM
: LIAN ARTINI : 091431018
Tempat, Tanggal Lahir
: Garut, 04 November 1992
SD Lulus Tahun
: 2003 di SDN Lebakjaya 02 Garut
SLTP Lulus Tahun
: 2006 di SMPN 2 Garut
SLTA Lulus Tahun
: 2009 di SMAN 1 Garut
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas semua
kemudahan dan pertolongan yang di limpahkan-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan
Tugas Akhir dengan judul “Analisis Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Pemanasan pada
Katalis Platforming Pt/Al2O3 terhadap Aglomerasi Platina di Research and Development PT. Pertamina (Persero)” sesuai waktu yang telah ditentukan.
Penyusunan laporan kerja praktik ini tidak terlepas bantuan dan dukungan
dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
1.
Ir. Dwi Nirwantoro, M.Si selaku ketua Jurusan Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Bandung,
2.
Dra. Endang Widiastuti, M.Si selaku ketua Program Studi D3 Analis Kimia Politeknik Negeri Bandung,
3.
Dra. Nancy S.D, M.Si selaku koordinator kerja praktik Program Studi D3 Analis Kimia Politeknik Negeri Bandung,
4.
Bapak Haryadi, Ph. D selaku Dosen Pembimbing,
5.
Ibu Titik Hari U, Ir. selaku Assistent Manager Laboratory Technical Services di R&D Direktorat Pengolahan PT.Pertamina (Persero),
6.
Bapak Usman, Dr. Eng. selaku Ahli Katalis sekaligus pembimbing lapangan di R&D Direktorat Pengolahan PT.Pertamina (Persero),
7.
Mbak Agnes, Mbak Tya, Mas Wawan serta seluruh staf
R&D PT.
Pertamina (Persero) yang telah membantu penulis selama tugas akhir berlangsung, 8.
Kedua orang tua penulis dan M. Taufiq, S.STP, M.AP yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan hingga selesainya laporan ini.
9.
Semua pihak yang telah membantu atas penyusunan laporan tugas akhir ini. Akhir kata penulis berharap semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi
Pembaca. Bandung, Juli 2012 Penulis
ABSTRAK
Katalis yang digunakan dalam proses platforming di RU VI- Balongan adalah katalis platforming Pt/Al2O3. Pada prosesnya, katalis platforming mengalami pemanasan dalam reaktor atau regenerator pada temperatur sekitar 490 – 520oC. Penggunaan katalis pada temperatur tinggi (over heating) mendorong terjadinya kerusakan katalis yaitu aglomerasi platina sehingga mengakibatkan dispersi (penyebaran) logam platina pada katalis tidak merata. Hal ini akan mengurangi optimasi katalis pada saat reaksi berlangsung. Menanggulangi hal tersebut dilakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mencari suhu pemanasan mulai terjadinya aglomerasi platina dan melihat pengaruh waktu pemanasan terhadap karakteristik katalis platforming Pt/ Al2O3. Aglomerasi platina diketahui dari beberapa parameter yaitu dispersi Pt dengan metode UOP 945-91, jenis kristal/ fasa alumina dengan metode UOP 905-91, surface area dengan metode ASTM D-3663-03, kadar Pt dan kadar Cl dengan menggunakan XRF. Hasil analisis menunjukkan katalis platforming Pt/Al2O3 mulai mengalami aglomerasi platina pada suhu pemanasan 800⁰C 4 jam yang mempengaruhi parameter-parameter fisika-kimia katalis menjadi di bawah nilai standar, yaitu nilai dispersi platina pada katalis menjadi < 0,9 mol/mol, terjadinya perubahan fasa alumina dari gamma alumina menjadi alpha alumina, surface area <150 m2/gr dan kadar klor dalam katalis menjadi < 1,00 %-wt.
Kata kunci: aglomerasi, sintering, katalis platforming, dispersi, surface area, Pt/Al2O3
ABSTRACT
Catalyst which used on the platforming process in RU VI- Balongan is Pt/Al2O3 platforming catalyst. In the paltforming process, the catalyst was heated in the reactor or regenerator at about 490-520⁰C. Therefore f the catalyst experienced at high temperature (over heating), then the catalyst will damage indicated b platina agglomeration as platina dispersion on catalyst are unever distribution. This then reduce the activity of the catalyst during the paltforming process. The research is aimed to outcome the catalyst damaged by observing temperature and time of heating toward characteristic of Pt/Al2O3 platforming catalyst. Platina agglomeration is known from several parameters. Firstly, Pt agglomeration can be detected by chemisorbtion using UOP 945-91 methode to indicate Pt dispersion. Secondly, the crystal/ alumina phase can be observed by XRD using UOP 905-91. Thirdly the surface area of the catalyst can be analysed by nitrogen adsorption using ASTM D-3663-03 methode. Finally, the element of the catalyst can be analysed by XRF. The results influenced physic-chemical properties of the catalyst below to standard a shown by reducing the dispersion value less than 0,9 mol/mol, changing the alumina phase from gamma alumina to alpha alumina, reducing surface area less than 150m2/g and Cl content in the catalyst less than 1,00%-wt. Keywords: agglomeration, sintering, platforming, dispersion, surface area, Pt/Al2O3
DAFTAR ISI
Hal.
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN..................................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR..............................................................................................iii
DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................v
DAFTAR GAMBAR................................................................................................vii DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................viii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................ix BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang...........................................................................................1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah .....................................................................................1 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat...................................................................................2 1.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .........................................................................3 1.5 Sistematika Penulisan................................................................................3 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Unit Platforming........................................................................................4 2.2 Komposisi Umpan dan Produk Platforming .............................................6 2.3 Reaksi Platforming....................................................................................7 2.4 Katalis........................................................................................................10 2.4.1 Komponen Katalis ............................................................................11 2.4.2 Umur Katais......................................................................................15 2.4.3 Deaktivasi Katais..............................................................................16 2.4.4 Penyebab Deaktivasi Katais. ............................................................17 2.5 Penanggulangan Deaktivasi.......................................................................21 2.6 Katalis Platforming ...................................................................................22 2.6.1 Instrumentasi Analisis Katalis ........................................................25 2.6.2 XRF..................................................................................... 25
2.6.3 XRD....................................................................................... .........· 29
2.6.4 Autosorb (Nitrogen Adsorption)................................................. ....· 33
2.6.5 Micromeritic Chemisorbtion...........................................................· 34
3 METODOLOGI PENELITIAN BAB
3.1 Tahap Persiapan......................................................................................... 36
3.2 Tahap Analisis........................................................................................... 36
3.3 Tahap Pengolahan Data ............................................................................. 41
BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1
Analisis Jenis Kristal ................................................................................. 43 4.1.1 Scan 1 (20 – 90⁰) ........................................................................... 44 4.1.2 Scan 2 (24 – 27⁰) ........................................................................... 47 4.1.3 Scan 3 (49 – 54⁰) ........................................................................... 49 4.1.4 Scan 4 (79,5 – 83,5⁰) ..................................................................... 51
4.2 Analisis Dispersi Platina (H2/Pt) ............................................................... 53 4.3 Analisis Surface Area ................................................................................ 54 4.4 Analisis Unsur (Pt, Cl) .............................................................................. 57 BAB 5 PENUTUP 5.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................................. 61 5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 61 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Hal.
Gambar 2.1 Konversi Hidrokarbon pada Proses Platforming ............................................ 7
Gambar 2.2 Reaksi Dehidrogenasi Naftan ......................................................................... 8 Gambar 2.3 Gambaran Umum Proses Platforming ............................................................ 10 Gambar 2.4 Ilustrasi Katalis Kehilangan Komponen Aktif ‘M’........................................ 18
Gambar 2.5 Struktur Ruang Gamma Alumina dan Alpha Alumina ................................... 22 Gambar 2.6 Keseimbangan Fungsi Asam dan Logam pada Katalis Platforming ............. 23
Gambar 2.7 Permukaan Katalis .......................................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.8 Spektrum Perpindahan Sinar-X ..................................................................... 26 Gambar 2.9 Selubung Coliimator ....................................................................................... 27 Gambar 2.10 Tabung Sinar-X............................................................................................. 30 Gambar 3.1 Skema Penelitian............................................................................................. 35 Gambar 4.1 Difraktogram Sampel pada Sudut 2θ=20 - 90⁰ ............................................... 45 Gambar 4.2 Grafik Persentasi Gamma Alumina vs Suhu Pemanasan ............................... 46 Gambar 4.3 Difraktogram Sampel pada Sudut 2θ= 24 - 27⁰.............................................. 47 Gambar 4.4 Grafik Persentasi Alpha Alumina vs Suhu Pemanasan.................................. 48 Gambar 4.5 Difraktogram Sampel pada Sudut 2θ= 49 - 54⁰.............................................. 49 Gambar 4.6 Grafik Persentasi Tetha Alumina vs Suhu Pemanasan .................................. 50 Gambar 4.7 Difraktogram Katalis Platforming Fresh ....................................................... 52 Gambar 4.8 Difraktogram Sampel pada Sudut 2θ= 79,5 – 83,5⁰....................................... 52 Gambar 4.9 Grafik Persentasi Difraktogram Sampel pada Sudut 2θ=20 - 90⁰ .................. 52 Gambar 4.10 Grafik Persentasi H2/Pt vs Suhu Pemanasan ................................................ 54 Gambar 4.11 Grafik Surface Area vs Suhu Pemanasan ..................................................... 56 Gambar 4.12 Grafik Perbandingan Nilai Surface Area dan Pore Diameter...................... 56 Gambar 4.13 Grafik Kadar Pt vs Suhu Pemanasan ............................................................ 59 Gambar 4.14 Grafik Kadar Cl vs Suhu Pemanasan .......................................................... 60
DAFTAR TABEL
2.1 Contoh Penyangga································ ································ ····· Tabel
13
Tabel 2.2 Peran Penyangga terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Katalis·························
14
Tabel 2.3 Contoh Promotor ································ ································ ······
15
Tabel 2.4 Program Scan Analisis Jenis Kristal ································ ················
31
Hal.
Tabel 3.1 Kondisi Operasi Micromeritic Chemisorb 2750 ································ ··
37
4.1 Persentasi Kristal Gamma Alumina································ ················· Tabel
46
Tabel 4.2 Persentasi Kristal Alpha Alumina································ ···················
48
Tabel 4.3 Persentasi Kristal Tetha Alumina ································ ···················
50
Tabel 4.4 Data Analisis Persentasi Dispersi Platina (H2/Pt)································ ·
53
Tabel 4.5 Data Analisis Surface Area Sampel································ ·················
55
Tabel 4.6 Data Analisis XRF Penentuan Kadar Logam Platina (Pt) ·······················
58
Tabel 4.7 Data Analisis XRF Penentuan Kadar Logam Klor (Cl)··························
59
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN A. Alat dan Bahan································ ································ ·
62
LAMPIRAN B. Prosedur Kerja ································ ································ ·
64
LAMPIRAN C. Data Pengamatan ································ ······························
76
LAMPIRAN D. Perhitungan ································ ································ ·····
86
LAMPIRAN E. Gambar ································ ································ ··········
Hal
88
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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Anonim. 2004. Chemisorb 2750 Operator’s Manual
Nofriyanti, Erni. 1997. Pengujian Kadar Klorida Pada Katalis Platforming. Jakarta: PT. Pertamina (Persero)
Pranjoto, M. Utomo dan Endang Widjajanti Laksono. 2007. Tinjauan Umum Tentang Deaktivasi Katalis Pada Reaksi Katalisis Heterogen. Yogyakarta: FMIPA UNY Putri Agnesya dan Usman. 2011. Optimasi Alat Pulse Chemisorb 2750 untuk Analisa H2/Pt Katalis Platforming Seseuai Metode UOP 945-96. Jakarta: R&D PT. Pertamina (Persero) Putri, Agnesya G. 2011. Laporan Optimasi Alat Xrf Untuk Analisa Kadar Sulfur & Kadar Logam Dalam Produk Mfo Menggunakan Aplikasi Oil Trace. Jakarta: R&D PT. Pertamina (Persero) Subagjo. 2008. Katalis dan Katalisis. Bandung: Fakultas Teknologi Industri- ITB Subagjo. 2010. Katalis Heterogen. Bandung: Fakultas Teknologi Industri- ITB Tiyono,Safii Yunianto (a). 2009. Unit Platforming BPSP-Proses Batch I. Dumai: Proses Enjiniring UP-II Tiyono, Safii Yunianto (b). 2009. Regeneration Section Proses Batch I. Dumai: Proses Enjiniring UP-II Usman. 2012. Optimasi XRD Optimasi Alat XRD Empyrean untuk Pengukuran % Agglomerated Platinum Sesuai Metode UOP 905 – 91. Jakarta: R&D PT. Pertamina (Persero) UOP 117103. “Handout Reactor Platforming Section”. UP V Balikpapan. 2006. Operasi Unit Platforming. Balikpapan: PT. Pertamina (Persero)
Anonim. 2012. XRD. ml.scribd.com/aisyah_azzahra_1/d/45487136-XRD-V http://kimia.ft.uns.ac.id/file/Kuliah/Kimia%20Fisika/Tugas%20I/XRD%2 0V.pdf (18 Juni 2012)
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