(21) Date palm plantations Own description: Date palm plantations Phoenix dactylifera on the coast and also in wadis of the central part. Present over small areas along the most of the wadis and coastal lagoons. They occur in particular along streams north and south of Haggeher mountains, which are receiving a water supply from relatively humid mountains
Area [ha]
1500
72%
1000
Date palm plantations
1400-1500
1300-1400
1200-1300
1100-1200
800-900
900-1000 1000-1100
700-800
300-400
200-300
0-100
1%
400-500 500-600
16% 8% 3%
0
600-700
500
100-200
Area [ha]
Distribution of altitudes and slopes within the Land-Cover class:
Altitude [m]
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
65%
20% 12%
0-3
3%
4-10 11-20 21-30 31-50 over 50
Date palm plantations
Slope [°]
LCC Label: Monoculture Of Continuous Large To Medium Sized Field(s) Of Needleleaved Evergreen Tree Crop(s) LCC Level: A1B1B5C1-A8A9
(22) Urban Own description: the class more or less restricted to two major sites on the northern coast: Hadiboh (and surrounding villages) in central part and Qalansiyah in the northwest. The Mouri Airport and some surrounding villages were recognised as well.
Urban
Area [ha]
500 400
88%
300
1400-1500
1300-1400
1200-1300
1100-1200
1000-1100
800-900
900-1000
700-800
600-700
500-600
400-500
300-400
200 200-300
0-100
500 100% 400 300 200 100 0 100-200
Area [ha]
Distribution of altitudes and slopes within the Land-Cover class:
Altitude [m]
10%
100
2%
0 0-3
Urban
4-10 11-20 21-30 31-50 over 50
Vegetation cover of the class is very scarce, for the main limited to some native and introduced tree species that are planted in small home gardens. In some enclosures various grasses and herbs occur and, if not grazed, they are capable to fruit
Slope [°]
LCC Label: Urban Area(s) LCC Level: A4-A13
(23) Sawana woodland Own description: for Socotra extraordinary vegetation type occupies solely limited area (approximately 900ha) of the Qa’arah plain in the south. As it develops (in contrast to the Frankincense woodland) only on the coastal plain, the topography is formed by altitudes ranging from 10 to 50m in elevation, while the slopes are not exceeding 3° .
Area [ha]
1000
100%
800 600
Sawana woodland
1300-1400 1400-1500
1100-1200 1200-1300
800-900 900-1000 1000-1100
600-700 700-800
400 400-500 500-600
0-100
1000 100% 800 600 400 200 0 100-200 200-300 300-400
Area [ha]
Distribution of altitudes and slopes within the Land-Cover class:
Altitude [m]
200 0 0-3
4-10 11-20 21-30 31-50 over 50
Sawana woodland
A sparse tree layer of the deciduous woodland (canopy about 5%) is dominated by Commiphora ornifolia and Maerua angolensis var. socotrana, occasionally Dendrosicyos socotrana and Euphorbia arbuscula. The shrub layer is composed of common species of coastal plains such as Croton socotranus, Jatropha unicostata, Cissus subaphylla, etc.
Slope [°]
The LCC label: Semi-Deciduous (40 - (20-10)%) Woodland With Open Medium High Shrubs; Major Landclass: Level Land, Plain, Slopeclass: Flat to Almost Flat; Lithology: Sedimentary rock; Climate: Tropics - Dry semi-arid; Altitude: < 50 m; Erosion: Visible Evidence of Erosion; Floristic Aspect: Commiphora ornifolia; LCC level A3A11B2C1D1E2F2F6F7G3F1-A13B7E4F9G9L11L5M2N1128O1O1 1P5Q2Zt22.
oa st al s
al te d Lo d w Sp W es C a e t er H r o rs la t ig to e nd h n- dw Sa sh J a a n W s r u tr r f d d a d o Fr bla ph sh r un i a n nd a ub es ki w sh lan n it ru d Fr cen h su b la a n se c n D ki w ule d ra nc o n ca en od ts e n s la Su e n b D a w fo d Su mo raca oo r es b m nta e n dl a t o ne a nd M ntan gr fore on e as s t a sh sl a t M ne r ub nd on gr la t a as nd s M Se o ne lan d i nt a mo d m n s D Ba en e fo aic at s t a r e e ry es pa m r t lm en ock pl t ro s Sa an c k w ta s an ti o a U w r ns oo ba dl n an d
C
Geologie x Landcover
Legend:
Acid pyroclastics Andesite Biotite granite Calcareous sediments Dolomitic limestone Gabbro Peralk ine granite Quaternary sediments Shis t and Gneiss
100%
80%
60%
0% Gabbro
Biotite granite
20%
Dolomitic limestone
Quaternary sediments
2%
Peralkine granite
40% Acid pyroclastics
4%
1%
2% 2%
7% 22%
Andesite
7%
Shist and Gneiss
Calcareous sediments
53%
Porovnání mapy hlavních vegetačních typů (Miller & Morris 2000, 2004) a nové Land-cover mapy
Urban
Sawana woodland
Basement rocks
Date palm plantations
Montane forest
Sedimentary rocks
Montane mozaik
Montane grassland
Submontane shrubland
Dracaena forest
w
(5 )O pe n
rg re en
Submontane grassland
an d w oo (6 dy )S ba ub m se on d ta ne sh ru bl (7 an )M d on ta ne m os ai c
oo dl
bl an ru sh
(4
)S em i -e ve
)S uc ul en t (3
(2
)C
ro to
n
sh ru
bl an d
d
0%
Frankincense forest
10%
(2) Croton shrubland Dracaena woodland
20%
(3) Suculent shrubland
Frankincense woodland
30%
(4) Semi-evergreen w oodland
Low Croton-Jatropha
40%
(5) Open w oody based
High shrubland with suculents
50%
(6) Submontane shrubland
Sparse dwarf shrubland
60%
(7) Montane mosaic
Wadi
70%
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Sand dunes
80%
Sawana woodland Urban Date palm plantations Basement rocks Sedimentary rocks Montane forest Montane mozaik Montane grassland Submontane shrubland Submontane grassland Dracaena forest Dracaena woodland Frankincense forest Frankincense woodland High shrubland with suculents Low Croton-Jatropha shrubland Sparse dwarf shrubland Sand dunes Wadi Wetlands Coastal salted desert
Wetlands
90%
Coastal salted desert
100%
Závěry – mapování krajinného pokryvu: •
detailní land-cover mapa ostrova by nemohla být zhotovena ve srovnatelné kvalitě, při stejných nákladech a ve srovnatelném čase pouze na základě terénního průzkumu
•
začlenění dat DPZ a navazujících technik zpracování do procesu mapování přináší výrazné zlepšení polohové a tématické přesnosti při současném snížení časové a finanční náročnosti
•
použitá metoda dává výsledky s uspokojivou polohovou a tématickou přesností (odhadovaná celková přesnost mapy rozlišující 22 tříd je 80%)
•
pomocí navazujících GIS analýz je možné získávat velmi cenné informace jako je např. celková plocha a relativní zastoupení jednotlivých land-cover tříd na ostrově, jejich lokalizace a charakteristiky ekotopu, atd.
•
možnost odhadovat současný a někdy i potenciální výskyt vzácných druhů (příklad dávají unikátní biotopy endemického druhu Dracaena cinnabari – dračincové lesy a háje), což je zásadní pro jejich další ochranu a management
•
získané informace mohou být také velmi zajímavé pro donorskou komunitu a jako takové velmi důležité pro efektivní „fund rising“
PART II: Seasonal dynamics of main vegetation formations of Soqotra and its relation to monsoonal rainfalls
Objectives: • to contribute to the understanding of seasonal dynamics of vegetation cover of Soqotra (sustainable agro-forestry management can not be implemented without understanding of seasonal dynamics of vegetation and its causalities), • to contribute to the understanding of seasonal dynamics of climate – in particular rainfalls – in different parts of the island Approach: • the use of data and techniques of Remote Sensing (in particular MODIS VI) - accessibility of data - spatially comprehensive overview - effectiveness NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index): • is robust spectral transformation of two (visible and near infrared) bands designed to enhance the ‘vegetation signal’ and allow for reliable spatial and temporal intercomparisons of photosynthetic activity • correlates with both, the status and abundance of the green vegetation cover MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) NDVI data: • set of 16-day NDVI composites at 250m spatial resolution (http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/datapool/datatypes.asp)
Studium dynamiky vegetace ostrova Použití časových řad vegetačních indexů (NDVI) družice MODIS
transition transitionperiod period
summer summermonsoon monsoon
transition trans.
winter wintermonsoon monsoon
transition transition period
Date 13- 29- 14- 30- 16- 1- 17- 3- 194- 20- 5- 21- 7-X. 23- 8- 24- 8- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 12- 28- 13III. III. IV. IV. V. VI. VI. VII. VII. VIII. VIII. IX. IX. X. XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV. Date
Analýza časových řad - Principal Component Analysis PC 1:
PC 2:
Regresní analýza: PC 1:
y
x DEM – Altitude:
Časový profil:
4000
. .winter wintermonsoon monsoon
transition transitionperiod period
summer summermonsoon monsoon
trans. transition
winter wintermonsoon monsoon
transition transition period
Mean MODIS NDVI
3500
North half (influenced by winter monsoon)
3000
South half (influenced by summer monsoon)
2500
2000
Socotra TOTAL 1500
0%
Socotra TOTAL 8- 24- 10- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 13- 29- 14- 30- 16XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV. IV. V.
1- 17- 3- 19- 4- 20- 5- 21- 7-X. 23VI. VI. VII. VII. VIII. VIII. IX. IX. X.
Date
8- 24- 8- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 12 28- 13XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV.
Časový profil: 4000
. winter . wintermonsoon monsoon
transition transition period period
summer summermonsoon monsoon
trans. transition
winter wintermonsoon monsoon
transition transition period
Mean MODIS NDVI
3500
North half (influenced by winter monsoon)
3000
South half (influenced by summer monsoon)
2500
2000
Socotra TOTAL 1500 0% 100% 1000
. winter monsoon
transition period
1- 17- 3- 19- 4- 20- 5- 21- 7-X. 23VI. VI. VII. VII. VIII. VIII. IX. IX. X.
summer monsoon Date
trans.
8- 24- 8- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 12 28- 13XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV.
winter monsoon
transition
North half (influenced by winter monsoon)
500 60% 40% 0 20%
02 _3 0 02 5 _3 2 02 1 _3 3 02 7 _3 53 03 _0 0 03 1 _0 1 03 7 _0 3 03 3 _0 4 03 9 _0 6 03 5 _0 8 03 1 _0 9 03 7 _1 1 03 3 _1 2 03 9 _1 4 03 5 _1 6 03 1 _1 7 03 7 _1 9 03 3 _2 0 03 9 _2 2 03 5 _2 4 03 1 _2 5 03 7 _2 7 03 3 _2 8 03 9 _3 0 03 5 _3 2 03 1 _3 3 03 7 _3 5 04 3 _0 0 04 1 _0 1 04 7 _0 3 04 3 _0 4 04 9 _0 6 04 5 _0 8 04 1 _0 97
Cloud cover [%]
80%
Socotra TOTAL 8- 24- 10- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 13- 29- 14- 30- 16XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV. IV. V.
0% 8- 24- 10- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 13- 29- 14- 30- 16XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV. IV. V.
Date
1- 17- 3- 19- 4- 20- 5- 21- 7-X. 23VI. VI. VII. VII. VIII. VIII. IX. IX. X.
Date
South half (influenced by summer monsoon) Socotra TOTAL
8- 24- 8- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 12- 28- 13XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV.
Firmihin weather station 440 m above sea level (south “half” of the island)
Firmihin weather station 440 m above sea level (south “half” of the island)
100%
. winter monsoon
transition period
summer monsoon
trans.
winter monsoon
transition
Cloud cover [%]
80%
North half (influenced by winter monsoon)
60%
South half (influenced by summer monsoon)
40% 20% 0%
Socotra TOTAL 8- 24- 10- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 13- 29- 14- 30- 16XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV. IV. V.
1- 17- 3- 19- 4- 20- 5- 21- 7-X. 23VI. VI. VII. VII. VIII. VIII. IX. IX. X.
Date
8- 24- 8- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 12- 28- 13XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV.
transition transitionperiod period
summer summermonsoon monsoon
transition trans.
winter wintermonsoon monsoon
transition transition period
Date 13- 29- 14- 30- 16- 1- 17- 3- 194- 20- 5- 21- 7-X. 23- 8- 24- 8- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 12- 28- 13III. III. IV. IV. V. VI. VI. VII. VII. VIII. VIII. IX. IX. X. XI. XI. XII. XII. II. III. III. IV. Date
Prostorové profily:
Legend (altitude):
Legend: 1 Spatial profiles described in detail 0 Other spatial profiles Altitude: High: 1540m
High : 1503
LowLow: : 0 0m
NDVI
Legend:
1000 900
7000
800
6000
700
5000 4000
600 500
3000
400
1000 distance [km]
(1) Sea (2) Mangroves (3) Coastal salted desert (4) Wetlands (5) Wadi (6) Sand dunes
30.IV.03 3.VII.03
(7) Sparse dwarf shrubland (8) Low Croton-Jatropha shrubland (9) High shrubland with succulents (10) Frankincense woodland (11) Frankincense forest
23.X.03
300
2000
0
Altitude [m]
MODIS NDVI
8000
(12) Dracaena woodland (13) Dracaena forest
200
24.I.04
100
13.IV.04
(14) Submontane grassland & dwarf shrub (15) Submontane shrubland (16) Montane grassland (17) Montane mosaic
0
Altitude
0 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 27 28 29 30 32 33
(18) Montane forest (19) Sedimentary rocks (20) Basement rocks
N
(21) Date palm plantations
S
(22) Urban (23) Savanna woodland
1200
PC 1200
900
800
600
Altitude [m]
Value of Principal Components
1600
PC 1 400
300
PC 2 0
0
Altitude
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 -400
N
distance [km]
-300
S
MODIS NDVI
1600
NDVI
7000 6000
1400
Altitude [m]
Legend: 8000
(1) Sea (2) Mangroves (3) Coastal salted desert (4) Wetlands (5) Wadi
1200
(6) Sand dunes
5000
1000
30.IV.03
4000
800
3.VII.03
3000
600
23.X.03
2000
400
24.I.04
1000
200
13.IV.04
0
Altitude
(7) Sparse dwarf shrubland (8) Low Croton-Jatropha shrubland (9) High shrubland with succulents (10) Frankincense woodland (11) Frankincense forest (12) Dracaena woodland (13) Dracaena forest (14) Submontane grassland & dwarf shrubland (15) Submontane shrubland
Distance [km] 0 0
2
3
5
7
8
10 12 13 15 16 18 20 21 23 24 26 28 29 31 32 34 36 37 39 40 42
(16) Montane grassland (17) Montane mosaic (18) Montane forest (19) Sedimentary rocks (20) Basement rocks (21) Date palm plantations
1200
1600
PC 900
1200
600
800
300
400
(23) Savanna woodland
Altitude [m]
Value of Principal Component
(22) Urban
S
N
PC 1 PC 2
0
0 0 2 3
-300
N
5 7
8 10 12 13 15 16 18 20 21 23 24 26 28 29 31 32 34 36 37 39 40 42 Distance [km]
-400
S
Altitude
700
NDVI
4500
600
4000
Altitude [m]
MODIS NDVI
5000
Legend: (1) Sea (2) Mangroves (3) Coastal salted desert (4) Wetlands (5) Wadi
500
3500
30.IV.03
3000
400
(9) High shrubland with succulents (10) Frankincense woodland
300
1500
(7) Sparse dwarf shrubland (8) Low Croton-Jatropha shrubland
3.VII.03
2500 2000
(6) Sand dunes
23.X.03
(11) Frankincense forest (12) Dracaena woodland (13) Dracaena forest
200
24.I.04
1000
(14) Submontane grassland & dwarf shrub (15) Submontane shrubland
100
500 0
2
4
5
7
(16) Montane grassland (17) Montane mosaic (18) Montane forest
Distance [km]
0
13.IV.04
0
Altitude
(19) Sedimentary rocks (20) Basement rocks
9 10 12 13 15 17 18 20 22 23 25 27 28 30 32 33 35 37
(21) Date palm plantations
Value of Principal Component
700
700
PC
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
0 0
-100
N
(22) Urban
S
2
4
5
7
9
10
12
13
15
17
18
20
22
Distance [km]
23
25
27
28
30
32
33
35
(23) Savanna woodland
Altitude [m]
N
Altitude PC 1 PC 2
37 -100
S
NDVI
700
5000 600
(1) Sea
Altitude [m]
MODIS NDVI
Legend:
800
6000
(2) Mangroves (3) Coastal salted desert (4) Wetlands (5) Wadi (6) Sand dunes
4000 500 3000
30.IV.03
(7) Sparse dwarf shrubland (8) Low Croton-Jatropha shrubland (9) High shrubland with succulents
400
3.VII.03
300
23.X.03
(10) Frankincense woodland (11) Frankincense forest
2000
24.I.04
100
13.IV.04
0 0
3
7
10
13
16
20
23
26
29
32
36
39
42
45
49
52
55
58
61
65
700
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
(23) Savanna woodland
Altitude PC 1
0 0
3
7
10
13
16
20
23
26
29
32
36
39
Distance [km]
42
45
49
52
55
58
61
65
68
(20) Basement rocks (22) Urban
800
PC
(19) Sedimentary rocks (21) Date palm plantations
S
Altitude [m]
Value of Principal Component
Altitude
68
N 800
(17) Montane mosaic (18) Montane forest
Distance [km]
N
(15) Submontane shrubland (16) Montane grassland
0
-200
(13) Dracaena forest (14) Submontane grassland & dwarf shrubland
200 1000
-100
(12) Dracaena woodland
-100 -200
S
PC 2
Časové profily:
Legend: (1) Sea
Frankincense Sparse Sand Low High Dracaena Submontane Croton-Jatropha shrubland dunes dwarf woodland shrubland woodland shrubland with succulents &shrubland forest & forest Montane biotopes
6 6
Sample plots for temporal NDVI profiles of particular LC classes (Southern side) Sample plots for temporal NDVI profiles of particular LC classes (Northern side)
(2) Mangroves (3) Coastal salted desert (4) Wetlands (5) Wadi
8000 8000 8000 8000 8000
Mean Mean MODIS MMODIS O D IS NDVI NDVI NNDVI D VI MeanMODIS Mean Mean MODIS NDVI
7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000
(6) Sand dunes
transit. peri per per transition transition transition transit. transit. peri
summer monsoon summer summer monsoon monsoon summer summer monsoon monsoon summer monsoon
tran. tran. tran. tran. tran. tra p
winter winter monsoon wintermonsoon monsoon winter winter monsoon monsoon winter monsoon
transition pe transition transition transition transition transition ppp
(8) Low Croton-Jatropha shrubland
6000 6000 6000 6000
(9) High shrubland with succulents
S - Montane S grassland - Submomtane S -SDracaena - Frankincense
5000 5000 5000 5000 5000
SS- woodland Low Croton-Jatropha - High shrubland shrubland woodland shrubland Sparse dwarf SS--suculents Montane mosaic Sand dunes with
4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
N -NDracaena -Croton-Jatropha Frankincense N- shrubland Low
3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
N woodland - Submomtane woodland shrubland 1st AVZ Sand dunes N Sparse dwarf --Dracaena Montane forest shrubland SN forest NS - High shrubland
2000
2000 2000 2000 2000
N -shrubland Low N -Croton-Jatropha Frankincense with suculents shrubland forest- 2nd AVZ
1000
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 0 0
0000
(7) Sparse dwarf shrubland
(10) Frankincense woodland (11) Frankincense forest (12) Dracaena woodland (13) Dracaena forest (14) Submontane grassland & dwarf shrubland (15) Submontane shrubland (16) Montane grassland (17) Montane mosaic (18) Montane forest
1313131313III. III. III. III.
2929292929III. III. III. III.
1414141414IV. IV. IV. IV.
30303030IV. IV. IV. IV.
16- 11616161161V. 1VI. V. V. V. V. VI. VI. VI.
17171717VI. VI. VI. VI.
33333VII. VII. VII. VII. VII.
19191919VII. VII. VII. VII.
4444VIII. VIII. VIII. VIII.
20202020VIII. VIII. VIII. VIII.
5555IX. IX. IX. IX.
21- 7-X. 2321217-X. 7-X. 23217-X. 232323IX. 7-X. X. IX. X. IX. IX. X. X. X.
Date Date Date Date Date
8888XI. XI. XI. XI.
24242424XI. XI. XI. XI. XI.
8- 26- 8-I. 24-I. 9-II. 25- 12- 28- 1388268-I. 24-I. 9-II. 251228131388- 2626- 8-I. 8-I. 24-I. 24-I. 24-I.9-II. 9-II. 2525251212- 28281313XII. XII. II. 12III. III. 13IV. XII. II.II.II.II. III.III. XII. XII. IV. IV. XII. XII. XII. XII. III. III.III. III. IV. IV. IV. XII. III. III.
(19) Sedimentary rocks (20) Basement rocks (21) Date palm plantations (22) Urban (23) Savanna woodland
Závěry – sezónní dynamika vegetace: • analýza časové řady dat NDVI velmi efektivně popisuje fenologii vegetace ostrova včetně příčinných souvislostí • lokalizace určitého stanoviště (zda leží na severní či jižní polovině ostrova) je z hlediska fenologie jeho vegetace velmi důležitá • hodnocení ročních úhrnů a sezónního rozdělení srážek by mělo být vždy vztahováno ke konkrétní lokalitě (extrémní variabilita na relativně malých územích)
• žádoucí pokračovat ve sledování hodnot NDVI a jejich prostorových a časových (sezónních i meziročních) kolísání i v dalších letech: - významným prostředkem pro rozpoznání a monitoring extrémních klimatických událostí (např. příliš dlouhá suchá období, abnormálně vlhké či suché roky, atd.) a jejich vlivu na vegetaci ostrova - užitečný nástroj pro odhady srážek
PART III:
Outline mapping of Altitudinal Vegetation Zones (AVZ)
• Altitudinal Vegetation Zones (vegetation tiers), in general, express the connection of the sequence of differences in vegetation with the sequence of differences in altitudinal and exposure climate • They vary from each other in general level (amount) of green biomass, in variability of vegetation activity within a year and in length of vegetation season • Serve as an essential background for any successful agro-forestry management
Rámcové mapování vegetačních stupňů •
Použití bezoblačných záznamů NDVI z různých částí roku
•
Mapování založené na hodnocení celkové hodnoty NDVI a její proměnlivosti v průběhu roku – aplikace řízené klasifikace obrazu
Legend: 1st AVZ - planar (meterhel) 2nd AVZ - collinean (emhar) 3th AVZ - submontane (ariob) 4th AVZ - montane (dagash) 5th AVZ - alto-montane (azabzabahan)
Charakteristiky vegetačních stupňů: 1.7% 0.2%
1st AVZ
15.9%
25.6% 2nd AVZ 3rd AVZ 4th AVZ
1st AVZ 2nd AVZ 3rd AVZ 4th AVZ
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
1400-1500
1300-1400
1200-1300
1100-1200
1000-1100
900-1000
800-900
700-800
600-700
500-600
400-500
300-400
200-300
100-200
5th AVZ 0-100
Propor. of total area of the AVZ [%]
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Propor. of tot. area of the AVZ [%]
5th AVZ
56.6%
0% 0-3
4-10
11-20
21-30
31-50
over 50
s lope [°]
Altitude [m]
100% 90%
Gabbro
80%
Biotite granite
70%
Peralkine granite
60%
Acid pyroclastics
50%
Andesite
40%
Shist and Gneiss
30%
Calcareous sediments
20%
Dolomitic limestone
10% 0%
Quaternary sediments 1. VS
2. VS
3.VS
4.VS
5.VS
100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
Summer monsoon
50% 40%
Winter monsoon
30% 20% 10% 0% 1. VS
2. VS
3. VS
4. VS
5. VS
Charakteristiky vegetačních stupňů:
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% 1. VS
2. VS
3. VS
4. VS
5. VS
Sawana woodland Urban Date palm plantations Basement rocks Sedimentary rocks Montane forest Montane mosaic Montane grassland Submontane shrubland Submontane grassland Dracaena forest Dracaena woodland Frankincense forest Frankincense woodland High shrubland with suculents Low Croton-Jatropha shrubland Sparse dwarf shrubland Sand dunes Wadi Wetlands Coastal salted desert Mangroves
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
C oa s t Ma n al s a g ro lt e ve s d de W s er et t la nd Lo S p s w ar C s S W e ro to dw an d a d H nig du i J ar h sh atr f sh ne o s ru r bl pha ub l sh and Fr and an ru w b i ki nc th s lan en uc d se ule Fr an nt w o s k D i nc od l en ra an ca d se en a fore st Su Dr wo b m aca odl a e na nd Su ont b m an fo on e g res ta ras t n s M on e s l an t a hru d ne bl M gr and on as t a s la n n M em d on Se t a os a di n m e f ic en or t B a est D as ry at em ro e pa en ck s lm t ro c pl an ks ta ti o ns U rb an
100%
5. VS 4. VS 3. VS 2. VS 1. VS
Závěry – rámcové mapování vegetačních stupňů: • použití multitemporálních dat satelitu MODIS přineslo překvapivě dobré výsledky (přibližná přesnost mapování VS přes 85%)
• úspěšnost použité metody je do značné míry dána specifickými podmínkami Sokotry: - extrémním výškovým a klimatickým gradientem mezi pobřežními planinami na jedné straně a vrcholky pohoří Haggeher na straně druhé - relativně přírodním charakterem vegetačního krytu, který není narušován intenzivním zěmědělstvím (např. sklizeň by vážně narušovala přirozené sezónní kolísání hodnot NDVI)
