zesentwintigste jaargang (2007) 3 twenty sixth edition (2007) 3

AANWINSTENLIJST BIBLIOTHEEK & DOCUMENTATIE van Cogis en het Veteraneninstituut ACQUISITION LIST LIBRARY & DOCUMENTATION of Cogis and the Veteran Institute zesentwintigste jaargang (2007) 3 twenty sixth edition (2007) 3

De opgenomen boeken en tijdschriftartikelen zijn in de regel ter inzage in de bibliotheek van de Stichting Cogis of het Veteraneninstituut. Deze Aanwinstenlijst is ingedeeld in verschillende categorieën (zie inhoudsopgave op pagina 2). Publicaties over oorlogsgetroffenen ook in de medische sfeer uit de Tweede Wereldoorlog zijn veelal te vinden onder oorlogscategorieën De boeken worden alleen binnen Nederland uitgeleend, het toesturen van boeken via de post kost €6,- per boek, inclusief porto. Van de tijdschriftartikelen worden voor €0,50 per pagina, met een minimumbedrag van €4,- per artikel, kopieën verstrekt.

The books and articles in this ACQUISITION LIST are all freely available for consultation in the library. The books are not lent out to persons or institutes outside of the Netherlands. Articles are being photocopied and sent to you at €0,50 per page, at a minimum of €4,- per article.

1

Inhoudsopgave

Historische informatie / recht / educatie / historical information - law ........................ 3 Oorlogsgetroffenen, alle categorieen Europa, joods, burgers, verzet, kampverhalen / victims of war.................................................................................................................... 8 (Voormalig) Nederlands-Indie / former Dutch East Indies .......................................... 12 Vluchtelingen, hedendaagse oorlogen, transculturele psychiatrie / refugees contemporary wars ........................................................................................................ 15 Psycho-sociale problematiek en de hulpverlening / psychosocial issues consequences................................................................................................................. 21 Traumatische ervaringen / traumatic experiences ...................................................... 35 PTSD / general PTSD................................................................................................... 39 Behandeling / treatment.............................................................................................. 44 Hulpverleners / social workers................................................................................... 47 Kinderen / children ...................................................................................................... 47 Ouderen / elderly ......................................................................................................... 48 Rampen - ongelukken / disasters - accidents ........................................................... 49 (Seksueel) geweld / (sexual) violence........................................................................ 52 Veteranen / veterans ...................................................................................................... 53 Tweede generatie / second generation......................................................................... 94

2

Historische informatie / recht / educatie / Historical information - law Aniba, Ton Kroniek van een koloniaal : het leven van Johannes Slösser, 1815-1903 / door Ton Aniba. - Rijswijk : Aniba, [2006]. - 121 p. : ill. ; 30 cm Titelp. vermeldt: De historie van Nederland en Nederlands Indië rond de eeuwwisseling van het jaar 1800. Militairen Nederlands-Indië Biografiëen s6 ANI KOC Douwes, Maria Hongaren in Nederland, Nederlanders in Hongarije : vijftig jaar na 1956 / Maria Douwes. Zaltbommel : Aprilis, cop. 2006. - 159 p. : ill., krt. ; 28 cm Met lit. opg. ISBN 90-5994-151-9 Hongarije Nederland Communisme Hongaarse opstand Vluchtelingen Migranten Integratie Levensverhalen Foto's Oral History s5 DOU Dassen, Patrick Duitsers als slachtoffers : het einde van een taboe? / Patrick Dassen, Ton Nijhuis en Krijn Thijs (red.) ; [kopijred. Sjoerd de Jong]. - [Amsterdam] : Duitsland Instituut ; Amsterdam : Mets & Schilt, cop. 2007. - 477 p. : ill. ; 21 cm Met lit. opg., reg. (Mets & Schilt) Tweede Wereldoorlog Duitsland DDR Burger-oorlogsgetroffenen Verkrachting Bombardementen Vluchtelingen Slachtofferschap Dader-/slachtofferrollen Geschiedschrijving Schuldgevoelens Naoorlogstijd Stasi Taboes 3

In het recente publieke debat in Duitsland is er veel aandacht voor Duitsers als slachtoffers van de Tweede Wereldoorlog. In diverse bijdragen wordt duidelijk gemaakt dat Duitse slachtofferverhalen een lange traditie hebben en dat aandacht voor het Duitse leed niet ten koste hoeft te gaan van het besef van Duitse schuld. s5.1 DUI Friedländer, Saul Nazi-Duitsland en de joden / Saul Friedländer ; [vert. uit het Engels: Margreet de Boer ... et al. ; red. (dl. 2) Kees Noorda]. - Amsterdam : Nieuw Amsterdam ; Tielt : Lannoo, cop. 2007. - 471, 862 p. ; 24 cm Vert. van: Nazi-Germany and the Jews. - 2 vol. - New York : HarperCollins, 1997, 2007. Oorspr. Nederlandse uitg. van dl. 1: Utrecht : Het Spectrum, 1998. - Met lit. opg., reg. - Dl. 1: De jaren van vervolging, 1933-1939. - Vert. van: The years of persecution, 1933-1939 ; Dl. 2: De jaren van vernietiging, 1939-1945. - Vert. van: The years of extermination, 19391946. geb. Geschiedenis Vooroorlogstijd Tweede Wereldoorlog Antisemitisme Duitsland Politieke leiding Geestelijke leiding Joden Holocaust Getuigenissen Met het tweede deel van Nazi-Duitsland en de joden heeft Saul Friedländer zijn magnum opus over de vervolging en de vernietiging van de joden in het door de nazi's bezette Europa voltooid. De uitvoering van de Duitse vernietigingspolitiek en -maatregelen steunde enerzijds op de onderdanigheid van politieke autoriteiten, de hulp van locale politieke organen en de passieve houding of medewerking van de bevolking, om te beginnen van haar politieke en geestelijke elites. Maar anderzijds steunde zij op de bereidheid van de slachtoffers om te zwichten voor bevelen, niet zelden met de hoop deze te kunnen verzachten of ze lang genoeg te overleven om aan erger te ontkomen. geeft Friedländer inzicht in de proporties, de complexiteit en de onderlinge verwevenheid van de vele componenten van deze geschiedenis. Hij baseert zich op een scala van documenten en getuigenissen voornamelijk uit dagboeken, brieven en herinneringen. In deel 1 toont de auteur aan dat de aanwezigheid van traditioneel antisemitisme en onverschilligheid ertoe hebben bijgedragen dat de nazi's de Europese joden op zo'n ongekende schaal konden vermoorden. s5 FRI Harts, Jan Jaap Reconstructie sterfteverloop Tweede Wereldoorlog : een andere kijk op de officiële statistieken / Jan Jaap Harts. In: Demos = ISSN 0169-1473: vol. 23 (2007), no. 8, p. 6-8. Bevolkingsonderzoek Statistieken Tweede Wereldoorlog In de Tweede Wereldoorlog is de bevolkingsadministratie aanzienlijk aangetast door aanslagen en al dan niet moedwillige foute registraties. Deze administratie is de basis voor de bevolkingsstatistiek en daarom moest deze na de oorlog worden gereconstrueerd. Hierbij zijn keuzes gemaakt waardoor het werkelijke sterfteverloop in de oorlogsjaren is 4

versluierd. Hier een poging tot een reconstructie, die een andere kijk geeft op de bevolkingsontwikkeling in de oorlog dan de officiële statistieken weergeven. Heijden, Chris van der Joodse NSB'ers : de vergeten geschiedenis van Villa Bouchina in Doetinchem / Chris van der Heijden. - Utrecht : Bk18, cop. 2006. - 87 p. : ill. ; 24 cm Met lit. opg. ISBN 90-78019-06-9 Tweede Wereldoorlog Joden NSB Collaborateurs Mussert-Joden Beeldvorming Villa Bouchina Persoonlijke ervaringen Geschiedschrijving s5.2 HEIJ Jansens, Saskia 'Hoe ondraaglijk te sterven in de hemel' : de Japanse kamikazepiloten / Saskia Jansens. In: Historisch Nieuwsblad = ISSN 0927-2690: vol. 16 (2007), no. 6, p. 52-56. Kamikazepiloten Tweede Wereldoorlog Japan Geschiedenis Cultuurverschillen Cultuurpsychologie Beschrijving van de voorbereiding van kamikazepiloten op hun lot als vliegenier om zich met hun vliegtuig neer te laten storten op vijandelijke doelen. Uit onderzoek van hun dagboeken blijkt dat velen worstelden met deze opdracht en veel waarde hechten aan het leven. Bovendien twijfelden verschillende kamikazepiloten ook aan het nut van hun opdracht. Klinken, Gert van Strijdbaar & omstreden : een biografie van de calvinistische verzetsvrouw Gezina van der Molen / Gert van Klinken. - Amsterdam : Boom, cop. 2006. - 408, [20] p. pl. ; 23 cm Bibliogr.: p. 372-388. - Lit.opg.: p. 323-365. - Met reg. ISBN 90-8506-350-7 geb. Tweede Wereldoorlog Verzet Vrouwen Vrij Nederland Trouw Oorlogspleegkinderen Joden Rijkscommissie Oorlogspleegkinderen Naoorlogstijd Biografieën s3.2 KLI Longerich, Peter "Davon haben wir nichts gewusst!" : die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung 1933-1945 / Peter Longerich. – München : Siedler, cop. 2006. - 447 p. ; 22 cm 5

Met lit.opg. en index. ISBN 3-88680-843-2 Beeldvorming Propaganda Duitsland Tweede Wereldoorlog Holocaust Mit seinem Buch "Davon haben wir nichts gewusst!" nimmt sich Peter Longerich eines nach wie vor umstrittenen wie bereits vielfach diskutierten Themas an. Seine Vorgehensweise, besteht darin, nicht nur bereits bekannte Quellen aufzugreifen, sondern diese auch mit neuen beziehungsweise bisher nicht beachteten Quellen zu kombinieren sowie auch von anderen Autoren verfasste Analysen zum Thema in Augenschein zu nehmen und auszuwerten, um ein möglichst differenziertes Ergebnis abzuliefern. Er pauschalisiert dabei weder in die eine noch in die andere Richtung, behauptet also weder, niemand habe etwas gewusst, noch, alle hätten etwas gewusst beziehungsweise ein detailliertes Wissen besessen. Auch Gewichtigkeit, Glaubwürdigkeit sowie subjektive Einschlägigkeit der Quellen werden systematisch untersucht, erklärt und in die Gesamtauswertung einbezogen.Im Vordergrund von Longerichs Untersuchungen stehen dabei vor allem die zeitgenössische deutsche Presse, sowohl der Partei als auch der nicht (direkt) der Partei unterstellten (zumindest bis zur Gleichschaltung der Presse), Berichte über die "Stimmung" in der Bevölkerung verschiedener Instanzen und die Tagebücher Goebbels. Des Weiteren werden, soweit vorhanden respektive von ergiebigem Wert, erhaltene Radiosendungen und private Schriften wie Briefe, Tagebucheinträge einbegriffen. s5 LON Matthée, Zonneke Voor volk en vaderland : vrouwen in de NSB 1931-1948 / Zonneke Matthée. - Amsterdam : Balans, cop. 2007. - 366 p., [24] p. pl. : ill. ; 22 cm Met lit. opg., reg. Collaboratie Vrouwen NSB Geschiedenis Nationaal-socialisme Overheid Persoonlijke ervaringen Matth‚e bestudeerde met behulp van niet eerder onderzochte bronnen de redenen voor het NSB-lidmaatschap van vrouwen die, naar Duits voorbeeld, binnen de NSB een eigen organisatie oprichtten: de Nationaal Socialistische Vrouwen Organisatie. Zij laat zien welke vrouwen zich aangetrokken voelden tot de NSB en tot het nationaal-socialisme in het bijzonder, op welke manier zij zich inzetten in naam van 'Volk en Vaderland' en wat hen dreef om actief te blijven, aanvankelijk via de parlementaire weg en sinds mei 1940 aan de kant van de Duitse bezetter. Via een aantal biografische portretten laat zij de onderlinge verschillen zien tussen deze vrouwen, hun persoonlijke achtergrond, hun motivatie en hun opvattingen over het nationaal-socialisme. s5.2 MAT Melching, Willem Feniks Europa : naoorlogs Europa en de late 'ontdekking' van de holocaust / Willem Melching. In: Cogiscope = ISSN 1871-1065: vol. 3 (2007), no. 3 (oktober), p. 7-11. Holocaust Geschiedenis 6

Recensies Bespreking van het boek 'Postwar : a history of Europe' van Tony Judt. In de epiloog schetst Judt de ontwikkeling van de plaats die de holocaust inneemt in het Europese openbare debat. De aarzeling en terughoudendheid rond de publieke erkenning van de holocaust, acht hij verbonden met de moeite om de eigen medeplichtigheid daaraan onder ogen te zien. Regiment Het Regiment infanterie Oranje Gelderland / Martin Elands ... [et al. ; cartogr.: Louis Kaulartz]. - Amsterdam : Boom, cop. 2006. - 160 p. : ill. ; 23 cm Uitg. in samenw. met het Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie. - Met lit. opg. ISBN 90-8506-382-5 Oranje Gelderland Tweede Wereldoorlog Nederlands-Indië Nieuw-Guinea Suriname Geschiedenis s5 ELA KOC Romijn, Peter Burgemeesters in oorlogstijd : besturen tijdens de Duitse bezetting / Peter Romijn. Amsterdam : Balans, 2006. - 746 p., [8] p. pl. : foto's. ; 23 cm Uitg. onder auspiciën van het Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie. - Met lit. opg., reg. ISBN 90-5018-771-4 Bestuur Gemeenten Burgemeesters Collaboratie Tweede Wereldoorlog Geschiedenis Overheid Als de bestuurders en politici van tegenwoordig willen onderstrepen dat ze in een dwangpositie verkeren zeggen ze nog steeds: 'Ik voel me als een burgemeester in oorlogstijd.Romijn onderzoekt de historische oorsprong van deze uitdrukking. Het proces waarin de bijna duizend Nederlandse burgemeesters in de Tweede Wereldoorlog terechtkwamen, was een ingewikkeld getouwtrek tussen de Duitse bezetter, zittende bestuurders en ambtenaren, en Nederlandse nazi's. Inzet was de poging om Nederland een nationaal-socialistische staatsvorm op te leggen. De burgemeesters vormden de schakel tussen het Duitse bezettingsbestuur en de Nederlandse samenleving. Zij moesten zich voortdurend de vraag stellen of ze naar eer en geweten hun werk konden blijven doen.In Burgemeesters in oorlogstijd onderzoekt Peter Romijn, met behulp van vele niet eerder onderzochte bronnen, voor het eerst de manier waarop burgemeesters probeerden uitkomst te vinden uit de bestuurlijke dilemma's van de bezetting - soms met succes, maar soms ook met verschrikkelijke gevolgen. s5 ROM Smith, Lyn Vergeten stemmen van de Holocaust / Lyn Smith ; [vert. uit het Engels: Hans van Cuijlenborg]. - 1e dr. - Amsterdam : Uitgeverij M, 2006. - 430 p. : ill., krt. ; 22 cm

7

Vert. van: Forgotten voices of the Holocaust. - London : Ebury, 2006. - Op omslag: Een unieke geschiedenis in de woorden van de mannen en vrouwen die het overleefden. - Met lit. opg., reg. ISBN 90-225-4417-6 Holocaust Persoonlijke ervaringen Vooroorlogstijd Tweede Wereldoorlog Oral history Smith was als interviewer betrokken bij het vastleggen van de oorlogsverhalen van de overlevenden van de Holocaust. In chronologische volgorde vertelt ze telkens een stuk geschiedenis en vult die aan met korte impressies van persoonlijke ervaringen. Aan het woord komen Joden,communisten, zigeuners, homoseksuelen, gehandicapten, krijgsgevangenen en de burgers die het allemaal zagen gebeuren.Zij vertellen over de kindertransporten, de kampen in Engeland en Rusland waar geïnterneerden en krijgsgevangenen zaten, de Getto's en de concentratiekampen. De complete interviews zijn te vinden in het Imperial War Museum Sound Archive. s8.1.1 SMI Weerd, Evert van de Panorama van 100 jaar garnizoen Ede : 1906 - 2006 / door Evert van de Weerd. - [S.I.] : [Evert van de Weerd], [$2006]. - 106 p. : ill. ; 31 cm ISBN 90-801257-6-8 Ede Militairen Geschiedenis s5 WEE KOC Knoops, L.J.P. De militaire wielrijders : het ontstaan en verdwijnen van twee roemruchte regimenten : snel en vaardig - kalm en waardig : gedenkboek / door L.J.P. Knoops. - [Son] : Stichting Militaire Wielrijders, cop. 1995. - 208 p. : ill. ; 24 cm Militairen Verzet Wielrijders Onderscheidingen Monumenten Gedenkboeken Geschiedenis 1885-1950 s3.4 KNO KOC

Oorlogsgetroffenen, alle categorieen Europa, joods, burgers, verzet, kampverhalen / Victims of war Broers, Theo De kindermoord op de Bullenhuser Damm / Theo Broers. In: Neuengamme Bulletin = ISSN 1574-9746: (2007) (September), p. 18-29. Medische experimenten Oorlogsmisdaden Kinderen Tweede Wereldoorlog 8

Duitsland Schets van de gebeurtenissen in april 1945 op de Bullenhuser Damm, waar 20 kinderen werden opgehangen, nadat ze waren ingespoten met tuberculosebacillen. Tevens wordt de zoektocht naar en veroordeling van de verantwoordelijken na de oorlog, beschreven. Crum, Jan G. Wat bewoog u? : gesprekken met mannen en vrouwen uit het verzet / Jan G. Crum ; [fotogr.: Christine Overgoor ... et al.]. - Soesterberg : Aspekt, 2007. - 415 p. : portr. ; 22 cm. - (Aspekt monografie) Met lit. opg. ISBN 90-5911-504-X Verzetsdeelnemers Verzet Tweede Wereldoorlog Interviews Persoonlijke ervaringen s4 CRU Deen, Helga Dit is om nooit meer te vergeten : dagboek en brieven van Helga Deen 1943 / inl. Ad van Liempt ; naw. Ad van den Oord, Ronald Peeters en Ton Wagemakers ; tekstverzorging en annot. Rob Tempelaars. - Amsterdam : Balans, cop. 2007. - 159 p., [16] p. pl. : ill. ; 21 cm Met lit. opg. geb. Holocaust Joden Concentratiekampen Vught Westerbork Sobibor Persoonlijke ervaringen Dagelijks leven Dagboeken s1.1 DEE Graaf, P.C. van der Zestig jaar Oorlogsgravenstichting : een open taak / P.C. van der Graaf. In: Militaire spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 175 (2006), no. 10, p. 451-461. Oorlogsgravenstichting Oorlogsgetroffenen Herinneringen Herdenken Tweede Wereldoorlog Dit artikel beschrijft de geschiedenis en het werk van de Oorlogsgravenstichting. Tevens worden de taken, de middelen de bestuurlijke organisatie en het personeel besproken. Vervolgens is er aandacht voor de definitie van oorlogsslachtoffers, en de nabestaanden voor wie de Oorlogsgravenstichting haar werk in eerste instantie doet. Kind Kind in oorlogstijd : 13 Europese vrouwen en hun jeugdherinneringen aan WO II / Claudine Landgraf, Rosemarie Pfirschke [red. ; auteurs: Ludmila Ageeva ... et al. ; vert. uit het Duits: Irene Hissink ; red.: Inmerc]. - Wormer : Inmerc, cop. 2007. - 208 p. : ill., portr. ; 22 cm 9

Vert. van: Unterwegs mit Koffer und Teddybär : Europas Kinder und der Zweite Weltkrieg. - Rheinbach : CMZ, cop. 2005. Tweede Wereldoorlog Kinderen Vrouwen Burgeroorlogsgetroffenen Europa Herinneringen Persoonlijke ervaringen S8.1.1 LAN Kreuning, Karel Professor dr. Titus Brandsma : priester, verzetsheld en geleerde / Karel Kreuning. In: Informatiebulletin Stichting Nationaal Monument Kamp Amersfoort = ISSN 1574-2075: (2007), no. 21, p. 9-28. Titus Brandsma Verzet Tweede Wereldoorlog Kamp Amersfoort Kamp Dachau Katholicisme Biografieën Levenschets van Titus Brandsma, priester, verzetsman en geleerde die in 1942 naar kamp Amersfoort werd gedeporteerd en datzelfde jaar overleed in kamp Dachau. Kreuning, Karel Salomon Rodriques 'Monne' de Miranda / Karel Kreuning. In: Informatiebulletin Stichting Nationaal Monument Kamp Amersfoort = ISSN 1574-2075: (2007), no. 22-speciale bijlage (augustus), p. 1-28. Salomon Roderiques de Miranda Vooroorlogstijd Kamp Amersfoort Tweede Wereldoorlog Biografieën Speciaal nummer over het leven en de historische betekenis van Salomon Rodriques 'Monne' de Miranda, sociaal-democratische bestuurder in de vooroorlogse jaren in Amsterdam. Hij overleed in kamp Amersfoort op 3 november 1942 als gevolg van ernstige mishandelingen. s1.1 SAL-I; s1.1 SAL-II Lamboo, Joop Geweld is van alle tijden : maatschappelijk werk en de gevolgen van oorlog / Joop Lamboo. In: Maatwerk = ISSN 1567-6587: (2007), no. 7 (oktober), p. 17-19. Oorlogsgetroffenen Veteranen Asielzoekers Psychotrauma PTSD Behandeling Psychosociale hulpverlening Maatschappelijk werkers kunnen een grote bijdrage leveren aan de hulpverlening aan slachtoffers van oorlogsgeweld, zo betoogt de auteur. Hij legt uit wat de symptomen van 10

trauma's zijn, wat werkers kunnen doen voor bijvoorbeeld asielzoekers of veteranen terug van een missie en wat daarbij de valkuilen zijn. Spiegel Cohen, Ellen van der Van zwijgen naar (gast)spreken : Hélène Petter-Egger / Ellen van der Spiegel Cohen. In: Waffel = ISSN 1874-0944: (2007), no. 32 (september), p. 6-11. Holocaust Joden Onderduiken Kinderen Naoorlogstijd Zwijgen Gezinsgeheimen Levensverhalen Korte schets van het leven van Hélène Petter-Egger. Haar vader en broers zijn in Auschwitz en Sobibor vermoord. Zelf heeft ze tijdens een groot deel van de oorlog ondergedoken gezeten. Na de oorlog trouwt ze met een niet-joodse man en neemt zich voor hem of haar kinderen ooit te belasten met haar ervaringen. Pas op heel late leeftijd besluit ze haar verhaal als gastspreker te gaan vertellen. Stöfsel, Martijn Leven in 'trouw en onmacht' : kwaliteit van leven, hoe werk je daar samen aan? / Martijn Stöfsel. In: Kroniek van de Stichting Partners van Oorlogsgetroffenen = ISSN 1567-9861: vol. 12 (2006), no. 1 (voorjaar), p. 5-12. Partners Oorlogsgetroffenen Relatietherapie Voordracht gehouden voor de Landelijke dag van de SPO, 15 maart 2006. De spreker stelt daarin de vraag centraal hoe partners, waarvan in elk geval een oorlogsverleden heeft, samen kunnen werken hun leven meer kwaliteit te geven. Thijs, Krijn Een volk van slachtoffers? : over de recente aandacht voor het Duitse oorlogsleed / Krijn Thijs. In: Kleio = ISSN 0165-6449: vol. 48 (2007), no. 5, p. 16-19. Tweede Wereldoorlog Duitsland Naoorlogstijd Hiërarchie in leed Historiografie Geschiedenis In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de wijze waarop in de Duitse geschiedschrijving wordt omgegaan met het leed dat de Duitse bevolking heeft geleden tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Velzen, Wil van der Concentratiekampen in Nederland / Wil van der Velzen. In: Neuengamme Bulletin = ISSN 1574-9746: (2007) (September), p. 13-16. Kamp Schoorl Tweede Wereldoorlog Nederland Geschiedenis 11

Beschrijving van de geschiedenis van het kamp Schoorl en de gevangenen in de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Withuis, Jolande 'Eer verloren, al verloren' : verkrachtende soldaten, verzwegen misdaden / Jolande Withuis. In: Cogiscope = ISSN 1871-1065: vol. 3 (2007), no. 3 (oktober), p. 12-19. Sexueel geweld Verkrachting Tweede Wereldoorlog Duitsland Verwerkingsproces Naoorlogstijd Eerwraak Geschiedenis Analyse van de massale verkrachtingen door de soldaten van het Rode Leger in Duitsland na de capitulatie en de reacties daarop van de betrokken meisjes en vrouwen, hun directe omgeving en de samenleving, toen en in de navolgende decennia. Tevens wordt gezocht naar verklaringen voor dit gedrag van soldaten, waarbij de auteur een aantal mythes daaromtrent weet te ontkrachten. De auteur ziet overeenkomsten met het fenomeen eerwraak. Seiker, Fred Lest we forget : the railroad of death : sketches of Japanese atrocities carried out by Japanese military during the building of the Thai-Burma railroad by Allied Prisoners of War 1942-1945 / by Fred Seiker. - Bevere Lane, Worcester : Bevere Vivis Gallery Books, 2002. - 40 p. : ill. ; 21 cm Omslagtitel: Lest we forget : life as a Japanese P.O.W. : second edition: sketches and comments. ISBN 0-9526987-2-2 Krijgsgevangenkamp Birma Tekeningen Egodocumenten s6.2.1 SEI KOC

(Voormalig) Nederlands-Indie / Former Dutch East Indies Heruitgave Heruitgave "De Gong" van september 1948 tot en met december 1949 : bataljonsblad van 4-2 RI, 1947-1950 Noord-Sumatra. - [s.l.] : [s.n.], 19XX. - 75 p. : ill. ; 30 cm Tijdschriften Militairen Nederlands-Indië s6.8 HER KOC Hovinga, Henk 'Ik keek er naar als een film' : Willem Punt overleefde de ramp met de Junyo Maru. In: Moesson = ISSN 0165-6546: vol. 52 (2007), no. 3 (september), p. 40-45. Junyo Maru Tweede Wereldoorlog Nederlands-Indië 12

Persoonlijke ervaringen Verhaal van een overlevende van de scheepsramp met de Junyo Maru op 18 september 1944. Ford, Jack M. 'Allies in a bind' : Australia and the Netherlands East Indies in the Second World War / by Jack M. Ford. - Loganholme, Queensland : Australian Netherlands Ex-Servicemen and Women's Association, Queensland Branch, [1999]. - 265 p. : krt. ; 30 cm Herdr. in A4-formaat zonder de foto's van de uitg. 1996. - Met lit.opg. Internationale politiek Militaire operaties Tweede Wereldoorlog Nederlands-Indië Nieuw-Guinea Australië Geschiedenis s6 FOR KOC Lappain, Denise 'Ik was bang voor de reactie van mensen' : Ellen van der Ploeg geeft troostmeisjes een stem / Denise Lappain. In: Moesson = ISSN 0165-6546: vol. 52 (2007), no. 2 (augustus), p. 42-45. Troostmeisjes Nederlands-Indië Tweede Wereldoorlog Persoonlijke ervaringen Persoonlijk verhaal van Ellen van der Ploeg, schrijfster van het boek Gevoelloos op bevel, over haar ervaringen als troostmeisje tijdens de Japanse bezetting van Nederlands-Indië. Lepeltak, Jan Vrijwilligers voor een eenzame dood : Romusha op Java / Jan Lepeltak. In: Moesson = ISSN 0165-6546: vol. 52 (2007), no. 2 (augustus), p. 20-23. Romusha's Nederlands-Indië Tweede Wereldoorlog Persoonlijke ervaringen Verhaal van twee Romusha's over het leven onder de Japanse bezetting op Java. Loderichs, Mark In de schaduw van de oorlog : het verhaal van Kitty en Ralph Ras / Mark Loderichs. In: Moesson = ISSN 0165-6546: vol. 52 (2007), no. 4 (oktober), p. 40-43. Nederlands-Indië Indonesië Politionele acties Partners Gezinsgeheimen Tweede Wereldoorlog PUR WUBO Interview met twee Indische mensen over hun ervaringen als kind in Nederlands-Indië na de Tweede Wereldoorlog en de Politionele acties, hun familieleven en de WUBO.

13

Scagliola, S. The silences and myths of a 'Dirty War': coming to terms with the Dutch-Indonesian Decolonisation War (1945-1949) / S. Scagliola. In: European Review of History = ISSN 1350-7486: vol. 14 (2007), no. 2, p. 235-262. Politionele acties Oorlogsmisdrijven Verwerkingsproces Geschiedenis KOC This article sets out to explore the changing way in which the Dutch decolonisation war with Indonesia fought between 1945 and 1949 is remembered and memorialised in both countries. This is done with special attention to the issue of 'war crimes' committed on both sides in a context of asymmetrical warfare. The main argument is that the representation and commemoration of conflicts fought through unconventional warfare is problematic because of the lack of sites of memory, the incoherence of experiences and the problematic categorisation of victims and perpetrators. This inadequacy escapes notice as the content and public status of the remembrance, years later, are primarily determined by the current interests of the governments, not by the experiences of the military and civilians who were directly involved in the fighting. Schaap, Dick Gruwelijke wreedheden in Birmakampen : koopvaardijveteraan Fred Seiker kan niet vergeven en vergeten / Dick Schaap. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 6 (juli-augustus), p. 32-34. Mishandeling Birma Krijgsgevangenkampen Tweede Wereldoorlog Persoonlijke ervaringen Verhaal van een koopvaardijveteraan over zijn gevangenschap in Japanse krijgsgevangenenkampen gedurende juni 1942 tot augustus 1945, waar hij werkte aan de Birmaspoorweg. Tabee Tabee orang Someren : uit en thuis... maar niet voor allen! / [red.: Remy Lammers]. Someren : Stichting Oud-Indiëgangers Someren, 1997. - 168 p. : ill. ; 23± Ë23 cm ISBN 90-9010802-5 geb. Militairen Nederlands-Indië Nieuw-Guinea Persoonlijke ervaringen s6.8 TAB KOC Themanummer Themanummer : Nederland – Indonesië In: Kleio = ISSN 0165-6449: vol. 47 (2006), no. 8 (december), p. 1-41. Nederlands-Indië Indonesië Nederland Geschiedenis Onderwijs

14

Themanummer over de geschiedenis van Nederlands-Indië en de betrekkingen tussen Nederland en Indonesië. In 2007 was dit onderwerp examenstof voor het middelbaar onderwijs. s6 THE Toxopeus, Klaas Vliegende storm : jubileumuitgave ter gelegenheid van het afscheid van Klaas Toxopeus van de Koninklijke Noord- en Zuid-Hollandsche Redding Maatschappij met een levensbeschrijving door Aage Scheffer en met vele foto's / Klaas Toxopeus. - Baarn : Het Wereldvenster, 1956. - 144 p. : foto's. ; 23 cm Tijdschriften Militairen Nederlands-Indië s6.8 VLI KOC

Vluchtelingen, hedendaagse oorlogen, transculturele psychiatrie / Refugees - contemporary wars Bar-on, D. Sie verstehen nur Gewalt - Die Entfaltung verbaler Gewalt und explosiver Diskurse im jüdisch-palästinensischen Dialog = They understand only force : the evolvement of verbal violence and explosive discourse in a Jewish-Palestinian dialogue / D. Bar-on. In: Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik = ISSN 0017-4947: vol. 43 (2007), no. 2, p. 109-136. Arabisch-Israëlisch conflict Palestijnen Israël Groepen Conflicten Gesprekstechniek Verzoening Haat This study focuses on an outburst of verbal violence that happened within an organized Jewish-Palestinian encounter dialogue aimed at improving the relations between the two groups. The turning point in this encounter occurred when a Palestinian female responded to the seemingly reconciliatory move of a Jewish male with a rethorical question that led to manifestations of hatred and verbal violence. From this point on, the conversation collapsed and turned into explosive discourse - exchanges of verbal violence. Through the description and analysis of these processes it might be possible to contribute to the understanding of routes that can cause outbursts of intergroup hatred and violence. One could perhaps learn from the micro-group experiences, how destructive events develop, and thereby better understand what could be done to prevent them. Drozdek, Boris Zoeken naar het evenwicht : nieuw psychotraumacentrum voor vluchtelingen / Boris Drozdek. In: Phaxx = ISSN 0929-9300: vol. 14 (2007), no. 2, p. 11-13. Asielzoekers Vluchtelingen Psychotrauma Behandeling Cultuurverschillen 15

Transculturele psychiatrie Beschrijving van de werkwijze van het Psychotraumacentrum Zuid-Nederland, waar vooral asielzoekers en vluchtelingen worden opgenomen en behandeld. Veel aandacht wordt geschonken aan de culturele achtergrond van asielzoekers en vluchtelingen. Edrisi, Mohsen Onderwerping en onbehagen : de moeilijke weg naar hulp voor toegewijde moslims / Mohsen Edrisi. In: Maandblad Geestelijke volksgezondheid = ISSN 0024-8576: vol. 62 (2007), no. 3 (maart), p. 183-194. Moslims Psychosociale hulpverlening Religie Transculturele psychiatrie Tegenoverdracht Casuïstiek Aan de hand van een casus worden de moeilijkheden bij het aanmeldingsproces voor psychosociale en maatschappelijke hulpverlening beschreven van de toegewijde moslims als minderheid die bestaat uit migranten (vluchtelingen of asielzoekers incluis) van verschillende generaties. Daarna worden de hindernissen die zich in de eerste twee fasen van de behandeling kunnen voordoen beschreven en op welke wijze 'geloof' mensen er van kan weerhouden om hulp toe te laten. Het is daar een voorbeeld van te geven, want dit probleem kan zich voordoen bij elke psychiatrische diagnose. Tot slot wordt de tegenoverdracht besproken. EOD De EOD door de jaren heen 1994-1995; jubileum-boek van de Explosieven Opruimings Dienst / Explosieven Opruimings Dienst. - 's-Gravenhage : MinDef/KL/Grafische Vormgeving, 1994. - 57 p. : ill. ; 24 cm Jubileumboek. - Met lit. opg. en reg.. Explosieven Opruimings Dienst (EOD) Tweede Wereldoorlog Nederlands-Indië Vredesmissies (VN) Geschiedenis s8.7 EOD KOC Eytan, Ariel Transcultural validity of a structured diagnostic interview to screen for major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among refugees / Ariel Eytan, Sophie Durieux-Paillard, Barbara Whitaker-Clinch, Louis Loutan and Patrick A. Bovier. In: Journal of nervous and mental disease = ISSN 0022-3018: vol. 195 (2007), no. 9 (September), p. 723-728. Vluchtelingen PTSD Depressie Diagnose Onderzoek Refugees and asylum seekers have a high risk of developing mental health problems and appropriate screening in people from diverse origins remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to validate a structured diagnostic interview, adapted from the Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) sections of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, to detect these disorders among newly 16

arrived asylum seekers. The adapted questionnaire was administered by nurses in a primary care context and its performance was judged against the expert opinion of a mental health specialist. One hundred one subjects were included in the study (mean age: 30; origin: Africa 58%, Europe: 37%, Asia: 5%). MDE and PTSD were diagnosed among 33% and 30% of them respectively. The questionnaire demonstrated moderate sensitivity (MDE: 79%; PTSD: 69%), but high specificity (MDE: 95%; PTSD: 94%). These characteristics remained stable despite cultural differences and use of interpreters. This instrument could be used for systematic screening of MDE and PTSD in refugees from various origins. Gangsei, David Psychological evaluation of asylum seekers as a therapeutic process / David Gangsei and Ana C. Deutsch. In: Torture = ISSN 0904-1982: vol. 17 (2007), no. 2, p. 79-87. Martelingen Asielzoekers Psychotrauma Behandeling Onderzoek Torture survivors are often reluctant to tell their stories. They typically make every effort to forget this painful, traumatic experience. Often they do not share with family, friends or healthcare professionals the fact that they have been beaten, raped or subjected to electrical shocks and other terrors. Talking means retrieving memories, triggering the feelings and emotions that accompanied the torture itself. Furthermore, refugee torture survivors feel that people won't understand or believe their experiences. However, survivors who escape their country may need to reveal their torture experience as they apply for asylum in the host country. When they prepare for the asylum process, it may well be the first time that they talk about the torture. Mental health professionals are often called upon to evaluate survivors and prepare affidavits for the asylum process, documenting the effects of torture. This creates a unique and privileged opportunity to help survivors to address the devastating consequences of torture. Winning asylum is essential to recovery for a torture survivor in a country of refuge. Psychological evaluations of the consequences of torture can present information and evidence to asylum adjudicators which significantly increases understanding of the survivors' background and experiences as well as their manner of self-presentation in the courtroom or interview. They can empower the torture survivor to present his/her experiences more fully and confidently. Even apart from winning asylum, the process of the evaluation has many potential benefits for the survivor's emotional well-being. This includes helping the survivor understand the necessity of telling the story, illuminating the often poorly perceived link between current emotional suffering and past torture, facilitating the development of cognitive and emotional control, and healing the wounds of mistrust, humiliation, marginalization and fear. Harris, David Alan Dance/movement therapy approaches to fostering resilience and recovery among African adolescent torture survivors / David Alan Harris. In: Torture = ISSN 0904-1982: vol. 17 (2007), no. 2, p. 134-155. Marteling Adolescenten Kindsoldaten Vluchtelingen Psychotrauma Bewegingstherapie Creatieve therapie 17

Lichaamswerk Verzoening Veerkracht Sociale steun Afrika Dance/movement therapy (DMT) interventions, if designed to promote cultural relevance and community ownership, may enhance healing among African adolescent survivors of war and organised violence. The author posits a theoretical rationale for body movementbased approaches to psychosocial rehabilitation, and offers DMT's holism as evidence of transcultural applicability. Two distinct DMT initiatives with this population are discussed in terms of theoretical assumptions, implementation, and outcomes. Both efforts afforded creative means for discharging aggression and restoring interpersonal connection. The first of these programmes engaged a community of South Sudanese refugee youths, resettled to the U.S., in a series of gatherings for traditional dancing and drumming that reconstituted a central culture-of-origin ritual. Anecdotal evidence supports this psychosocial intervention's emphasis on group cohesion as a vehicle with both preventive and reparative capacities. Also a series of DMT groups with youths in Sierra Leone. All organized several years post-conflict, these interventions involved applying the DMT modality within a framework of Western psychotherapeutic conventions described in a series of groups with youths, all organized several years post-conflict, is presented. Programme evaluation revealed a drop in average symptom expression among a group comprised of former boy combatants who reported continual reduction in symptoms of anxiety, depression, intrusive recollection, elevated arousal, and aggression. The group’s teenage males joined actively in improvisatory dancing and in other structured creative exercises. Theese former child soldiers later elected to demonstrate their wartime experiences through public presentation of a role-play. A report on this event illustrates the success of the process in overcoming stigma and enabling meaningful community reintegration. Thus, whether introduced in refuge or post-conflict, DMT approaches are shown to embody revitalizing psychosocial support in the aftermath of massive violence. Hoop, Sipke de Met vallen en opstaan : vijf jaar Nederlands hulpbeleid in Midden- en Oost-Europa (19891993) / Sipke de Hoop. - [S.l. : s.n.], 2006, cop. 2005. - IV, 313 p. ; 24 cm Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. - Met lit. opg. - Samenvatting in het Engels. ISBN 90-6464-312-1 Internationale betrekkingen Nederland Oost-Europa Beleid Proefschriften s5 HOO KOC Kaldor, Mary New & old wars / Mary Kaldor. - 2nd [rev. and upd.] ed. - Cambridge [etc.]: Polity, 2006. XIII, 231 p. : tab. ; 24 cm Ondertitel op omslag : Organized violence in a global era. - 1e uitg.: 1999. - Met lit. opg. en index. ISBN 0-7456-3863-5 hbk ISBN 0-7456-3864-3 pbk Nieuwe Oorlogen Geweld Motivatie Burger-oorlogsgetroffenen 18

(Internationale) politiek Globalisering Mensenrechten Bosnië-Herzegovina Irak Onderzoek There is a new type of organized violence or new war, which could be described as a mixture of war, organized crime and massive violations of human rights. The actors are both global and local, public and private. The wars are fought for particularistic political goals using tactics of terror and destabilization that are theoretically outlawed by the rules of modern warfare. An informal criminalized economy is built into the functioning of the new wars. Kaldors analysis offers a basis for a cosmopolitan political response to these wars, in which the monopoly of legitimate organized violence is reconstructed on a transnational basis and international peacekeeping is reconceptualized as a cosmopolitan law enforcement. This approach aso has implications for the reconstruction of civil society, political institutions, and economic and social relations. s8.7 KAL Mellink, Riëtte Eerlijke kans voor asielzoekers met psychische problemen : dankzij MAPP geestestoestand relevant in asielprocedure / Riëtte Mellink. In: Phaxx = ISSN 0929-9300: vol. 14 (2007), no. 1, p. 8-10. Asielzoekers PTSD Opvangcentra Methoden en technieken Het Meldpunt voor Asielzoekers met Psychische Problemen (MAPP) onderzoekt bij asielzoekers in welke mate hun psychische problemen een coherent en consistent relaas bij de asielaanvraag in de weg staan en helpt hen een samenhangende asielaanvraag voor de IND te doen. Problemen bij asielzoekers die hen belemmeren bij het vormen van een consistent verhaal zijn bijvoorbeeld PTSS en concentratiestoornissen. Piwowarczyk, Linda Asylum seekers seeking mental health services in the United States : clinical and legal implications / Linda Piwowarczyk. In: Journal of nervous and mental disease = ISSN 0022-3018: vol. 195 (2007), no. 9 (September), p. 715-722. Martelingen Sexueel geweld Asielzoekers Afrika PTSD Depressie Hulpzoekgedrag Geestelijke gezondheid Verenigde Staten Onderzoek Asylum seekers flee their countries in search of safety due to persecution at home. Characteristics were assessed of 134 consecutive asylum seekers who sought mental health services at a program caring for survivors of torture and refugee trauma, using a chart review of patients seen between January 1999 and December 2002. Two-thirds of the sample were female, and 82% came from Africa. Eighty-four percent of the sample reported a history of torture, and one-half experienced rape or attempted rape. Most common diagnoses included posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Predictors of 19

torture included: posttraumatic stress disorder [odds ratio (OR) = 4.93, p = 0.03], rape (OR = 4.23, p = 0.035), and political persecution (OR = 9.28, p = 0.006). Most common selfreported health problems were headaches (29.9%), sexual dysfunction (26.1%), chronic pain (12.7%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (11.2%). Polman, Linda De bavianen van Kabul : Afghaanse impressies / Linda Polman. In: Wordt vervolgd = ISSN 0165-4241: vol. 40 (2007), no. 6 (juni), p. 16-18. Afghanistan Militaire operaties Cultuurverschillen Journalistiek Verslag van een bezoek aan Kabul waarin gekeken wordt naar het werk van private beveiligingsbedrijven en welke gevolgen hun optreden heeft voor de Afghaanse bevolking en hun houding ten opzichte van de Amerikaanse bezettingsmacht. Richardson, Louise Wat terroristen willen : de vijand begrijpen, de dreiging beteugelen / Louise Richardson ; vert. [uit het Engels] door Jérôme Gommers en Arie van der Ent. - Amsterdam [etc.] : Contact, 2007. - 351 p. ; 23 cm Vert. van: What terrorists want. - 2006. - Met lit. opg., reg. Terrorisme Zelfmoordterrorisme Families Gemeenschap Religies Loyaliteit Beeldvorming Problematiek Onderzoek Richardson ontraadselt zelfmoordterrorisme en verklaart het in termen van traditionele militaire waarden als loyaliteit en heldenmoed. Verder prikt ze de mythe door dat zelfmoordterrorisme een religieus fenomeen is. De 'oorlog tegen terreur' kan niet gewonnen worden. Ze legt uit dat de problemen rondom terrorisme hooguit beheersbaar kunnen worden gemaakt. s8.7 RIC Tankink, Marian Niet praten om te kunnen overleven : vluchtelingenvrouwen zwijgen over seksueel geweld / Marian Tankink. In: Phaxx = ISSN 0929-9300: vol. 14 (2007), no. 2, p. 8-10. Seksueel geweld Vluchtelingen Vrouwen Coping Zwijgen Medische antropologie Reden en consequenties van het verzwijgen van seksueel geweld dat vluchteligenvrouwen uit Afghanistan, Bosnië-Herzegovina en Zuid-Soedan is aangedaan, bekeken vanuit een medisch-antropologisch gezichtspunt.

20

Wenk-Ansohn, Mechthild Treatment of torture survivors : influences of the exile situation on the course of the traumatic process and therapeutic possibilities / Mechthild Wenk-Ansohn. In: Torture = ISSN 0904-1982: vol. 17 (2007), no. 2, p. 88-95. Martelingen Politiek geweld Vluchtelingen PTSD Verlies Veerkracht Sociale steun Behandeling Onderzoek Traumatized refugees often suffer from complex posttraumatic disorders with a high tendency of chronicity. This is due to severe and often repeated traumatization in the course of political persecution on one hand and uprooting and ongoing stress caused by leaving their home country and society and living under an adverse situation in exile on the other hand. This article shows how positive and negative factors going along with migration interfere with the course of the traumatic process and the therapeutic possibilities and how the therapeutic process can be adjusted to the situation. Voices Voices of trauma : treating psychological trauma across cultures / ed. By Boris Drožđek, John P. Wilson. - New York : Springer Science, cop.2007. - XXII, 395 p. ; 24 cm. (International and cultural psychology series) Omslagtitel: Voices of trauma : treating survivors across cultures. - Met lit opg. en index. Transculturele psychiatrie Traumaverwerking Psychotrauma Behandeling Cultuurverschillen Soedan Kosovo Zwijgen Vluchtelingen Een internationale groep van 23 therapeuten schrijft in dit boek over PTSD en traumanawerking. Hierbij wordt het accent gelegd op de interculturele aspecten van trauma en behandeling. Hoofdstukken zijn onder andere: Zwijgen als strategie bij Soedanese vluchtelingenvrouwen,De identiteit van het individu en van de groep, het Westerse en niet-westerse helen,Psychotherapie met een Kosovaarse familie, De Dominicaanse gemeenschap van New York, Een sociale psychologietheorie van collectief geweld en Overdracht en tegenoverdracht. s8.6 VOI

Psycho-sociale problematiek en de hulpverlening / Psychosocial issues - consequences Als Als de schaduwen langer worden : psychologische perspectieven op ouder worden en oud zijn / Alfons Marcoen, Ria Grommen & Nancy Van Ranst (red.). - Leuven : LannooCampus, cop. 2006. - 456 p. : ill. ; 25 cm Uitg. in samenw. met Hoger Instituut voor Gezinswetenschappen. - Met lit. opg., index. ISBN 90-209-6719-3 21

Ouderen Gerontologie Psychogerontologie Succesful aging Ontwikkelingspsychologie s7.4 ALS Appelo, Martin Meten van klachten en veerkracht in vierentwintig vragen / Martin Appelo en Martin Lange. In: Directieve therapie = ISSN 0167-238x: vol. 27 (2007), no. 3 (september), p. 197-2004. Psychosociale problematiek Psychosociale hulpverlening Diagnostiek Behandeling Effectiviteit Methoden en technieken Dit artikel vat het onderzoek samen dat tot nu toe is gedaan naar de Korte Klachten Lijst en de Positieve Uitkomsten Lijst. Deze lijsten operationaliseren samen drie belangrijke aspecten van psychisch functioneren: psychisch lijden, autonomie en sociaal optimisme. Appelo, Martin Op weg naar de vierde generatie gedragstherapie / Martin Appelo. In: Directieve therapie = ISSN 0167-238x: vol. 27 (2007), no. 2 (juni), p. 135-139. Acceptatie en Commitment Therapie (ACT) Aandachtgerichte Cognitieve Therapie (ACT) Mindfulness Angst Methoden en technieken Zelfhulp Recensies Boekbespreking van 'Uit je hoofd in het leven : een werkboek voor een waardevol leven met mindfulness en Acceptatie en Commitment Therapie' van Steven Hayes en Spencer Smith. Boek is aanwezig in de Cogis-bibliotheek. Baars, Jan Het nieuwe ouder worden : paradoxen en perspectieven van leven in de tijd / Jan Baars ; [eindred. Frans Brinkman]. - 2e licht gewijz. dr. - Amsterdam : Humanistic University Press, 2007. - 271 p. : ill. ; 24 cm Met lit. opg. Ouderen Existentialisme Gerontologie Ontwikkelingspsychologie Levensloop Kwetsbaarheid s7.4 BAA Bijma, Marga Schematherapie voor borderline patiënten / Marga Bijma en Gerrit de Niet. In: Psychopraxis = ISSN 1566-6166: vol. 9 (2007), no. 4 (augustus), p. 149-154. Borderline syndroom Behandeling Schematherapie 22

Casuïstiek Beschrijving van de werkwijze en behandeling in de praktijk van de schematherapie voor borderline patiënten. Birkenhäger, W.H. Hypertensie als bron van cognitieve regressie, respectievelijk dementie / W.H. Birkenhäger, P.W. de Leeuw en J.A. Staessen. In: Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde = ISSN 0028-2162: vol. 151 (2007), no. 44 (3 november), p. 2435-2439. Ouderen Dementie Hypertensie Preventie In dit artikel wordt de rol van hypertensie in het proces dat leidt tot cognitieve achteruitgang beschreven en wordt aangegeven welke relatie er is tot dementie. Tevens is onderzocht in welke mate een bloeddrukverlagende behandeling dementie kan voorkomen. Boyce, Philip First-Time Fathers' Study : psychological distress in expectant fathers during pregnancy / Philip Boyce, John Condon, Jodi Barton and Carolyn Corkindale. In: Australian and New Zealand Journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0004-8674: vol. 41 (2007), no. 9 (September), p. 718-725. Vaderschap Ouderschap Zwangerschap Emoties Onderzoek Objective: High levels of distress have previously been reported among expectant fathers, with the level of distress for new fathers falling after the birth and during the first year of their infants lives. The aim of the present study was to report on the associations with the fathers initial high levels of distress. Method: The men completed a series of questionnaires on various aspects of their psychological functioning at a baseline assessment when their partners were in the late first trimester of their pregnancy. The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was the key measure of psychological distress for the present study. Men scoring >5 on the GHQ were considered to be cases of distress. The cases and non-cases were contrasted on the baseline psychosocial measures. Results: A total of 312 men completed the questionnaires, of whom 18.6% were designated as cases. GHQ caseness was associated with high levels of symptoms on other measures of psychological distress, higher levels of alcohol consumption, poorer quality of their current intimate relationship, poorer social support, a lower quality of life, high levels of neuroticism and the use of immature ego defences. Multiple regression analysis identified the key variables associated with psychological distress to be high levels of neuroticism, dissatisfaction with social support and an excess number of additional life events. Conclusions: Psychological distress among expectant fathers is associated with a range of psychological variables, particularly poor marital relationship and poor social networks. This is consistent with a general vulnerability model for psychological distress. Fathers who had insufficient information about pregnancy and childbirth were also at risk of being distressed, suggesting that more attention needs to be paid to providing information to men about their partner's pregnancy, childbirth and issues relating to caring for a newborn infant.

23

Cuyvers, Guido Zorgen voor kwaliteit : handboek kwaliteitsontwikkeling voor non-profit organisaties / Guido Cuyvers. - Leuven : LannooCampus, cop. 2007. - 277 p. : ill. ; 24 cm Met lit. opg., reg. Kwaliteitszorg Kwaliteitsontwikkeling Non-profit organisaties Methoden en technieken Handboek s7 CUY Deth, Ron van Online hulpverlening / Ron van Deth. In: Psychopraxis = ISSN 1566-6166: vol. 9 (2007), no. 4 (augustus), p. 170-175. Psychosociale hulpverlening Internet Interapy Bespreking van de mogelijkheden van psychosociale hulpverlening via Internet. Bevat een uitgebreid overzicht van websites voor psychosociale hulpverlening op Internet. Dillen, Let Het actiesociogram als methode voor assessment van hechtingsbelevingen bij kinderen / Let Dillen. In: Tijdschrift voor psychotherapie = ISSN 0165-1188: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3 (mei), p. 171196. Hechting Kinderen Onderzoek De afgelopen decennia is het onderzoek naar gehechtheid (attachment) enorm toegenomen. Deze expansie zorgde voor verdere empirische ondersteuning van het gehechtheidsconcept en belichtte de potentiële implicaties ervan voor de klinische praktijk. Desondanks staat het wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar hechting in de basisschoolleeftijd nog in de kinderschoenen. Dit komt onder meer door het ontbreken van een diagnostisch instrument dat aansluit bij de eigenheid van deze leeftijdsgroep. In een poging om tegemoet te komen aan dit tekort wordt hier het actiesociogram voorgesteld. Bij deze methode ligt de nadruk op actiegerichte exploratie van de zelfbeleving in de gezinscontext. Vanuit theoretisch en praktisch oogpunt illustreren we hoe het actiesociogram - met gebruikmaking van poppen en actie - mogelijkheden biedt om op efficiënte en kindgerichte wijze de kwaliteit van hechtingsbelevingen te meten. Driel, Dorine van Cognitieve gedragstherapie bij ouderen met onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten : een verslag van een pilotgroep / Dorine van Driel, Peter Hilderink, Suzanne de Bakker, Carolien Benraad en Anne Speckens. In: Directieve therapie = ISSN 0167-238x: vol. 27 (2007), no. 3 (september), p. 177-196. Ouderen Psychosomatiek Diagnostiek Verlies Cognitieve therapie Gedragstherapie Over onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten bij ouderen is weinig bekend. Vanwege de complexe diagnostiek worden zij vaak van onderzoek uitgesloten. Omdat de groep ouderen met deze klachten zal toenemen, is onderzoek naar prevalentie en behandeling 24

nodig. Speckens, Spinhoven en Van Rood (1995) introduceerden eerder een gevolgenmodel voor de behandeling van onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten, waarbij door het herkennen en veranderen van disfunctionele automatische gedachten en gedragsexperimenten, de vicieuze cirkel tussen de klachten en de gevolgen werd doorbroken. In dit artikel wordt verslag gedaan van een pilotstudie waarin we onderzochten of cognitieve gedragstherapie in de groep een effectieve en geschikte methode is voor de behandeling van onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten bij ouderen. Hoewel het om een beperkte onderzoeksgroep gaat, zijn de eerste resultaten hoopvol. De patiënten bleken na de behandeling beter met de gevolgen van de klacht op het dagelijks leven om te kunnen gaan. Ook na zes maanden bleef de verbetering gehandhaafd. Deze bevindingen passen bij de effecten die de cognitieve gedragstherapie voor onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten beoogt. Verder wilden we inzicht krijgen in de thema's die in de behandelgroep aan de orde komen. Naast de bekende thema's in de behandeling van volwassenen komen ook onderwerpen aan bod die belangrijk zijn voor de doelgroep ouderen, zoals hulp vragen en afhankelijkheid, omgaan met ouder worden, verlieservaringen, toekomstperspectief en eindigheid. Engel, Màrika Ouderen en relaties : hechten en onthechten / Màrika Engel. In: Systeemtherapie = ISSN 0924-3631: vol. 19 (2007), no. 2 (juni), p. 80-93. Ouderen Relaties Hechting Levensloop In dit artikel wordt besproken voor welke taken het oudere echtpaar kan komen te staan in de derde en vierde levensfase. Vanuit een hechtingsperspectief wordt gekeken naar veilige en onveilige hechtingsstijlen en de betekenis van hechtingsgedrag in partner- en familierelaties bij het ouder worden. Vanuit een tweetal klinische vignetten worden suggesties gedaan voor behandeling. Franssen, José‚ Werken met levensverhalen en herinneringen in de GGZ / José Franssen. In: Psychopraxis = ISSN 1566-6166: vol. 9 (2007), no. 4 (augustus), p. 155-159. Ouderen Levensverhalen Creatieve therapie Narratieve therapie Interviews Interview met beeldend creatief therapeut Anita de Gouw en psychologe Marlène Raaijmakers over het werken met levensverhalen en ouderen. Ze vertellen over hun werkwijze en hun eigen leerproces in het zoeken naar de meest optimale werkmethode. Fuertes, Jairo N. Correlates of the real relationship in psychotherapy : a study of dyads / Jairo N. Fuertes, Alexa Mislowack, Sarah Brown, Shoval Gur-Arie, Shelby Wilkinson and Charles J. Gelso. In: Psychotherapy research = ISSN 1050-3307: vol. 17 (2007), no. 4 (July), p. 423-430. Psychotherapie Psychotherapeuten Relaties Methoden en technieken Onderzoek This study examined several theoretical propositions regarding the role of the real relationship using a sample of 59 psychotherapy dyads. As hypothesized, positive associations were evident between therapist ratings of the real relationship and their 25

ratings of the working alliance and client progress; negative associations were found between therapist ratings of the real relationship and attachment avoidance. For clients, significant and hypothesized associations were found between ratings of the real relationship and secure attachment to therapists as well as their perceptions of therapist empathy. Regression analyses showed that client ratings of the real relationship were significantly associated with their ratings of progress in treatment above and beyond their ratings of the working alliance, therapist empathy, and attachment. Greenwood, Helen The process of long-term art therapy : a case study combining artwork and clinical outcome / Helen Greenwood, Chris Leach, Mike Lucock and Rachael Noble. In: Psychotherapy research = ISSN 1050-3307: vol. 17 (2007), no. 5 (September), p. 588599. Creatieve therapie Effectiviteit Onderzoek The authors present process and outcome data collected during the treatment of a client seen for weekly art therapy sessions over 6 years in the UK National Health Service. Routine outcome measures completed before and after therapy with a 3-year follow-up confirmed positive therapy results. The client was part of a research study that required completing an evaluation instrument (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure: CORE-OM) before each session. Retrospectively, the significance of the volume of data this produced over 6 years was recognized, and researchers collated numerical data for a single case study. At the same time, the art therapist reviewed her notes from therapy and the artwork produced by the client. Artwork was categorized by the therapist as representing different phases of therapy. After therapy ended, data from the researchers and the therapist were then systematically examined together. This study explores links between progress indicated by the CORE-OM and type of art produced, highlighting issues relating to the process, appropriateness, and cost-effectiveness of long-term therapy. Hafkenscheid, Anton Assessing objective countertransference : a comparison of two different statistical procedures in three different samples / Anton Hafkenscheid and Donald Kiesler. In: Psychotherapy research = ISSN 1050-3307: vol. 17 (2007), no. 4 (July), p. 393-403. Pyschotherapeuten Cliënten Overdracht Interactieproces Behandeling Onderzoek Objective countertransference (CT) refers to all covert psychological reactions and action tendencies of therapists that are evoked by patients' maladaptive interpersonal styles. Although the clinical importance of objective CT reactions is now widely acknowledged, the measurement of such reactions is still in its infancy. The circumplex version of the Impact Message Inventory (IMI-C) is the only existing diagnostic device for assessment. This study is an empirical comparison of two different approaches to the measurement of objective CT with the IMI-C: (a) the classic intraclass correlation (ICC) approach to establish interrater reliability and (b) a peak octant approach, which assumes that different clinicians agree regarding the octants scales that are strongest or most distinctive for a particular patient. The two approaches are applied on three patient data samples. The data from two studies are reanalyzed using these two approaches, and the data of a third, new sample are included. The classic ICC analyses revealed that the CT reactions on the control dimension of the IMI-C are more objective than those on the affiliation dimension. 26

The peak octant approach did not enhance the generalizability of impact messages at the octant level. The objective CT or impact messages concept showed relatively robust empirical validity at the control dimension of the interpersonal circle but not for the affiliation dimension or for the majority of the separate octants. Implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions are made for future research. Herman, Astrid Evaluatie van de zin en onzin van cognitieve training bij Alzheimer dementie / Astrid Herman en Katrijn Vanschoenbeek. In: Psychopraxis = ISSN 1566-6166: vol. 9 (2007), no. 3 (juni), p. 115-119. Ouderen Dementie Cognitieve therapie Geheugentraining Literatuuronderzoek Uit de literatuur tot nu toe is er geen eenduidigheid te vinden over de geschiktheid van cognitieve training bij mensen met de ziekte van Alzheimer. Een aantal wetenschappelijke onderzoeken (vaak single-case-study's) toont aan dat kleine verbeteringen op bepaalde vlakken (cognitief en sociaal-emotioneel) mogelijk zijn. Tal van bedenkingen blijven echter bestaan. Zo is er de vraag in hoeverre deze verbeteringen weggelegd zijn voor een groter doelpubliek en in welke mate deze effecten worden overgedragen naar het dagelijks functioneren. Uitgebreider empirisch onderzoek lijkt dan ook aangewezen om een beter antwoord op de openstaande vragen te krijgen. Herstel, Herstel, empowerment en ervaringsdeskundigheid van mensen met psychische aandoeningen / red.: Wilma Boevink, Annette Plooy en Sonja van Rooijen. - Utrecht : SWP, cop. 2006. - 222 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (Passagecahier) Uitg. in samenw. met het Kenniscentrum Rehabilitatie. - Met lit. opg. ISBN 90-6665-785-5 Psychische stoorissen Psychiatrische patiënten Herstel Ervaringedeskundigen Levensverhalen Empowerment Geestelijke gezondheidszorg Hulpverlening Hoe is het om te leven met een psychische handicap en om psychiatrisch patiënt te zijn. En hoe kunnen ervaringsdeskundigen hun kennis toepassen en anderen daarmee van dienst zijn. s7 HER Ik Ik sluit nu maar af : zelfmoordbrieven / Udo Grashoff (red.) ; vert. [uit het Duits] door Ronald Vlek. - Amsterdam [etc.] : De Arbeiderspers, cop. 2006. - 167 p. ; 20 cm Vert. van: Ich möchte jetzt schliessen. - Leipzig : Reclam Leipzig, cop. 2004. - (Reclam Bibliothek Leipzig ; 20109). ISBN 90-295-6400-8 Zelfmoord Dood Brieven

27

In dit boek zijn vijfenveertig brieven opgenomen met de laatste woorden van mensen die in de jaren zestig, zeventig of tachtig zelfmoord pleegden. Het boek wil zelfmoord uit de taboesfeer halen en hulpverleners inzicht geven in het fenomeen suicide. s7 Ik Introduction An introduction to the psychotherapies / edited by Sidney Bloch. - 4th [rev. and upd.] ed. New York, NY [etc.] : Oxford University Press, 2006. - XVIII, 443 p. : ill. ; 24 cm Oorspr. uitg.: 1979. - Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-852092-1 pbk Psychotherapie Onderwijsleermiddelen Basisboeken Introduction to Psychotherapies is an leading introductory text to the field. In short, accessible, chapters by leading practitioners, it outlines the leading therapies, noting for each one the definitions, aims, assessment, and practice, coupled with the essential references. For this edition the chapters have been extensively revised and updated. s7 BLO Koster, Ernst H.W. Aandachtstraining bij angst en depressie : een wetenschappelijke innovatie met klinische relevantie / Ernst H.W. Koster, Saskia Baert en Rudi De Raedt. In: Gedragstherapie = ISSN 0167-7454: vol. 39 (2006), no. 4/adecember, p. 243-255. Angststoornissen Depressie Cognitieve therapie Gedragstherapie Cognitief-gedragstherapeutische modellen van angst en depressie benadrukken veelal de rol van informatieverwerkingsprocessen bij het ontstaan en instandhouden van deze stoornissen. Een belangrijke ontwikkeling binnen het onderzoek naar informatieverwerkingsprocessen bij emotionele stoornissen betreft de experimentele manipulatie van verstoorde informatieverwerkingsprocessen. Onderzoek heeft zich hierbij voornamelijk gericht op aandacht voor emotionele, stemmingscongruente informatie. Deze techniek laat toe om de causale invloed van informatieverwerkingsprocessen bij angst en depressie na te gaan. Eveneens kunnen dergelijke technieken in de toekomst een belangrijke rol gaan spelen bij psychologische behandelingen. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de rol van aandachtsprocessen bij angst en depressie, de manipulatie van aandacht en de eerste onderzoeksbevindingen met aandachtstraining methodologie. Het zal duidelijk worden dat modificatieprocedures geënt op deze methodologie in de nabije toekomst een onderdeel kunnen worden van cognitief-gedragstherapeutische behandelingen. Landau, Judith Enhancing resilience : families and communities as agents for change / Judith Landau. In: Family process = ISSN 0014-7370: vol. 46 (2007), no. 3 (September), p. 351-365. Verlies Community Mental Health Interventies Veerkracht Onderzoek In this article, the Linking Human Systems (LINC) Community Resilience model, a theoretical framework for initiating and sustaining change in communities that have undergone rapid and untimely transition or loss, is presented. The model assumes that individuals, families, and communities are inherently competent and resilient, and that with 28

appropriate support and encouragement, they can access individual and collective strengths that will allow them to transcend their loss. This competence can be nurtured by helping people regain a sense of connectedness with one another; with those who came before them; with their daily patterns, rituals, and stories that impart spiritual meaning; and with tangible resources within their community. Rather than imposing artificial support infrastructures, LINC interventions engage respected community members to act as natural agents for change. These "community links" provide a bridge between outside professionals, families, and communities, particularly in circumstances in which outside intervention may not be welcomed. The article illustrates how LINC interventions successfully have been used in communities around the world. Leijssen, M. Geheimen : een waaier van betekenissen : commentaar op Wismeijer & Vingerhoets / M. Leijssen. In: Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie = ISSN 0303-7339: vol. 49 (2007), no. 6, p. 391-392. Geheimen Psychosomatiek Psychosociale hulpverlening Recensies Reactie op het artikel van Wismeijer en Vingerhoets in Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie 49 (2007), afl.6, p383-389. De recensent benadrukt dat geheimen ook een positieve connotatie kunnen hebben enerzijds, maar dat het goed is na te denken over de gevolgen van verhalen die patiënten vertellen en door een psychosociale hulpverlener als geheim bewaard moeten blijven. Lepper, Georgia Therapeutic collaboration : how does it work? / Georgia Lepper and Erhard Mergenthaler. In: Psychotherapy research = ISSN 1050-3307: vol. 17 (2007), no. 5 (September), p. 576587. Psychotherapeuten Cliënten Psychosociale hulpverlening Effectiviteit Interactie Onderzoek Research on the role of the therapeutic bond has shown to be central to the psychotherapeutic process and to good outcomes. Exactly what happens at the interactional level remains understudied. This study uses conversation analysis, observing the turn-by-turn analysis of the talk, in combination with a computerized text analysis following the therapeutic cycles model locating clinically significant events. Transcripts from all eight sessions of a successful brief psychodynamic psychotherapy are analyzed. In the transcripts, the authors identify topics and then compute topic density, topic sequence, and participation structure as markers for topic coherence. These are compared with segments that fall into a therapeutic cycle. These findings support the correlation of topic coherence to periods of high therapeutic productivity. Luhrmann, T.M. Social defeat and the culture of chronicity : or, why schizophrenia does so well over there and so badly here / T.M. Luhrmann. In: Culture, medicine and psychiatry = ISSN 0165-005x: vol. 31 (2007), no. 2 (June), p. 135-172. Schizofrenie Psychosen Transculturele psychiatrie 29

Geschiedenis The history of the way schizophrenia has been conceptualized in American psychiatry has led us to be hesitant to explore the role of social causation in schizophrenia. But there is now good evidence for social impact on the course, outcome, and even origin of schizophrenia, most notably in the better prognosis for schizophrenia in developing countries and in the higher rates of schizophrenia for dark-skinned immigrants to England and the Netherlands. This article proposes that "social defeat" may be one of the social factors that may impact illness experience and uses original ethnographic research to argue that social defeat is a common feature of the social context in which many people diagnosed with schizophrenia in America live today. Metcalfe, Chris The effectiveness of personal construct psychotherapy in clinical practice : a systematic review and meta-analysis / Chris Metcalfe, David Winter and Linda Viney. In: Psychotherapy research = ISSN 1050-3307: vol. 17 (2007), no. 4 (July), p. 431-442. Psychotherapie Behandeling Effectiviteit Literatuuronderzoek This study updates a systematic review of the effectiveness of personal construct psychotherapy and refines a previous meta-analysis by focusing on studies conducted in clinical settings. Twenty-seven studies satisfied the criteria for the systematic review, including 20 in clinical settings. Meta-analysis of the latter provided strong evidence of an advantage of personal construct psychotherapy over a no-treatment control; this benefit was maintained at follow-up. Meta-analysis of studies with an active treatment control group provided no evidence of the superiority or inferiority of personal construct psychotherapy. The available research justifies the practice of personal construct psychotherapy with clients in clinical practice, but conclusions must be tempered by the small number of studies and their methodological shortcomings. Newman, Louise K. Borderline personality disorder, mother-infant interaction and parenting perceptions: preliminary findings / Louise K. Newman, Caroline S. Stevenson, Lindy R. Bergman and Philip Boyce. In: Australian and New Zealand Journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0004-8674: vol. 41 (2007), no. 7 (July), p. 598-605. Ouderschap Borderline syndroom Moeder-kind relatie Opvoeding Onderzoek Objective: Parents diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are likely to find the emotional aspects of parenting challenging. Research into the difficulties that these parents experience, however, is lacking. The aims of the present study were to (i) gain an understanding of the interactional patterns of mothers with BPD and their infants and (ii) to explore the parenting perceptions of mothers with BPD. Method: Two groups of motherinfant dyads were recruited: mothers with BPD and their infants; and community mothers and their infants. Groups were compared on mother-infant interaction patterns and on maternal self-perceptions of parenting. Results: Mothers with BPD were found to be less sensitive and demonstrated less structuring in their interaction with their infants, and their infants were found to be less attentive, less interested and less eager to interact with their mother. Furthermore, mothers with BPD reported being less satisfied, less competent and more distressed. Conclusions: Early intervention needs to be provided to mothers with BPD to promote maternal sensitivity and maternal perceptions of competence. 30

Nijssen, Andr‚ M. Leven zonder angst : roman / Andr‚ M. Nijssen. - Valkenburg aan de Geul : Lemmens, 2005. - 184 p. ; 22 cm ISBN 90-77490-09-4 Angst Ouder-kindrelatie Overdracht Inprentingsgedrag Herhalingsdwang Romans s7 NIJS Report Report on the elderly 2006 : changes in the lives and living situation of elderly persons in the Netherlands / Alice H. de Boer (ed.). - The Hague : Social and Cultural Planning Office of the Netherlands, 2006. - 278 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (SCP-publicatie ; 2006/16) Met lit.opg. en index. ISBN 90-377-0271-6 Ouderen Levensstijl Onderwijs Gezondheid Relaties Participatie Onderzoek s7.4 REP Rientsma, Max Reactie op 'Onheldere onrust’ over DBC's / Max Rientsma. In: Tijdschrift voor psychotherapie = ISSN 0165-1188: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3 (mei), p. 211215. Psychosociale hulpverlening Diagnose-behandelingcombinaties (DBC's) Diagnostiek Behandeling Reactie op het artikel van Arend Veeninga 'Onheldere onrust over DBC's' in Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie 32 (2006), (november), p.446-450. Schurink, Ger Mindfulness : integratie in de cognitieve gedragstherapie / Ger Schurink. In: Gedragstherapie = ISSN 0167-7454: vol. 39 (200), no. 4/adecember, p. 281-291. Mindfulness Cognitieve therapie Gedragstherapie Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) beoogt een integratie van mindfulness en bestaande cognitieve en gedragstherapeutische interventies. Het ontstaan van MBCT en de definitie van mindfulness wordt besproken evenals mindfulness-oefeningen, toepassingen en de integratie van mindfulness in de MBCT. Enkele verklaringsmodellen en de effectiviteit bij verschillende psychische stoornissen worden besproken. Tenslotte worden redenen genoemd om mindfulness zorgvuldig te gebruiken.

31

Special Special section : predictors of outcome. In: Psychotherapy research = ISSN 1050-3307: vol. 17 (2007), no. 2 (March), p. 131-257. Therapieën Psychotherapie Psychosociale hulpverlening Effectiviteit Behandeling Kwaliteitszorg Onderzoek This issue of Psychotherapy research discusses the effects of diverse therapies and especially psychotherapy. Strauss, B. Bindung und Gruppen : wie nützlich ist die Bindungstheorie für die Gruppenpsychotherapie = Attachment and group processes : how useful is attachment theory for group psychotherapy?/ B. Strauss. In: Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik = ISSN 0017-4947: vol. 43 (2007), no. 2, p. 90-108. Hechting Groepstherapie Psychotherapie Methoden en technieken Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, has been empirically well supported and therefore increasingly been integrated into the clinical and psychotherapeutic field. Meanwhile, there is a wide variety of studies from clinical attachment research. Most of these studies are related to individual psychotherapy. The therapeutic relationship, for example, is often considered as an attachment relationship. Empirically, correlations between the quality of the therapeutic alliance and attachment characteristics of the patient, recently also the therapist, have been investigated. Related to group psychotherapy, attachment theory has been equally considered and discussed in a couple of theoretical papers. Empirically, attachment constructs are only sparsely studied within groups during the recent years. Based upon some principal considerations focussing on the significance of attachment within groups, this article summarizes research results. These relate to the relationship between attachment characteristics and group process within non-clinical groups, the significance of these characteristics for the expectations and attitudes towards groups among patients and therapists within psychotherapy as well as the question if group treatment outcome can be predicted by attachment characteristics. Based upon the results, some aspects of group treatment can be discussed on the basis of attachment theory which might be of relevance for practising clinicians. Stringer, Barbara Patiëntenparticipatie in de GGZ : een literatuuronderzoek naar de mogelijkheden van verpleegkundigen / Barbara Stringer, Berno van Meijel, Willem de Vree and Jaap van der Bijl. In: Maandblad Geestelijke volksgezondheid = ISSN 0024-8576: vol. 62 (2007), no. 4 (april), p. 290-302. Patiënten Rechten van de patiënt Geestelijke gezondheidszorg Kwaliteitszorg Literatuuronderzoek 32

Veel studies wijzen erop dat patiëntenparticipatie leidt tot een betere kwaliteit van zorg, meer therapietrouw, betere gezondheid en een hogere patiënttevredenheid. De methodologische tekortkomingen van deze studies zijn echter aanzienlijk. Het ontbreken van een goed instrument voor het meten van patiëntenparticipatie bemoeilijkt het interpreteren en vergelijken van de onderzoeksresultaten. Ondanks de wetgeving is de houding van hulpverleners nog onvoldoende gericht op het vormen van een gelijkwaardige relatie met patiënten. Trainingen in patiëntengerichtheid door ervaringsdeskundigen zijn een middel om de benodigde attitudeverandering bij hulpverleners te bewerkstelligen. Themanummer Themanummer dementie. In: Psychopraxis = ISSN 1566-6166: vol. 4 (2002), no. 6 (december), p. 225-266. Ouderen Dementie Diagnostiek Behandeling Verpleegtehuizen Neurobiologie Farmacologie In dit themanummer wordt in acht artikelen aandacht besteed aan het herkennen en diagnostiseren van dementie en Alzheimer, begeleiding en behandeling. s7.4 PSY Trollor, Julian N. Age shall not weary them: mental health in the middle-aged and the elderly / Julian N. Trollor, Tracy M. Anderson, Perminder S. Sachdev, Henry Brodaty and $3005. In: Australian and New Zealand Journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0004-8674: vol. 41 (2007), no. 7 (July), p. 581-589. Ouderen Volwassenen Geestelijke gezondheid Emotionele stoornissen Angststoornissen Onderzoek Australië Objective: The prevalence of mental disorders in the elderly is disputed. The debate in this area can be informed by data from large population surveys that contain sufficient elderly participants. The aim of the present paper was to provide the first direct comparison of the prevalence and demographic correlates of ICD-10 anxiety and affective disorders in the middle-aged and the elderly. Method: The 12 month prevalence and demographic correlates of affective and anxiety disorders were compared in a community sample of middle-aged and elderly Australian residents who took part in the Australian National Mental Health and Well-being Survey (NMHWS). Results: One in seven middle-aged participants and one in 16 elderly participants experienced symptoms consistent with any anxiety or affective disorder in the preceding 12 months. Compared to the middle-aged participants, the elderly had lower rates for most affective and anxiety disorders, and for the combined presence of any disorder. Demographic correlates of mental disorder, especially marital status, were different for the two groups. Conclusions: Communitydwelling elderly in Australia have lower rates of mental disorder compared to the middleaged. Differences in demographic correlates between groups support the notion that the determinants of mental disorder in the elderly differ substantially from those in middle age.

33

Veeninga, Arend Over gebrek aan helderheid van tegenargumenten : reactie van Rientsma / Arend Veeninga. In: Tijdschrift voor psychotherapie = ISSN 0165-1188: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3 (mei), p. 216217. Psychosociale hulpverlening Diagnose-behandelingcombinaties (DBC's) Diagnostiek Behandeling Reactie op het artikel van Max Rientsma 'Reactie op 'Onheldere onrust over DBC's’ in Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie 33 (2007), (mei), p. 211-215 Vries, Sjef de Wat werkt? : de kern en de kracht van het maatschappelijk werk / Sjef de Vries ; [tekstred. Frans Brinkman]. - Amsterdam : SWP, cop. 2007. - 171 p. ; 24 cm Met lit. opg. Maatschappelijk werk Effectiviteit het Medisch Model het Common Factors Model Methodiek Evidence Based Practices (EBP) Hulpverlening s7 VRI Wismeijer, A.A.J. De emotionele belasting van geheimen : gevolgen voor de somatische gezondheid en implicaties voor de hulpverlening / A.A.J. Wismeijer en A.J.J.M. Vingerhoets. In: Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie = ISSN 0303-7339: vol. 49 (2007), no. 6, p. 383-389. Geheimen Psychosomatiek Psychosociale hulpverlening Literatuuronderzoek Dit artikel geeft op basis van literatuuronderzoek een overzicht van de empirische evidentie en theorieën over de relatie tussen geheimen en somatische gezondheid en het bespreken van de implicaties voor de hulpverlening. Er zijn aanwijzingen dat emotioneel belastende geheimen mogelijk een rol spelen als etiologische factor bij het ontstaan van somatische klachten. Geheimen lijken pathofysiologische processen op gang te kunnen brengen die somatische klachten kunnen veroorzaken. Voor de hulpverlening impliceert dit dat er rekening moet worden gehouden met de mogelijke aanwezigheid van een geheim dat wellicht deels de somatische klachten van de patiënt veroorzaakt. Wright, John The clinical representativeness of couple therapy outcome research / John Wright, St‚phane Sabourin, Josianne Mondor, Pierre McDuff and Salima Mamodhoussen. In: Family process = ISSN 0014-7370: vol. 46 (2007), no. 3 (September), p. 301-316. Relatietherapie Diagnose Behandeling Psychische stoornissen Comorbiditeit Literatuuronderzoek The clinical representativeness of outcome studies is defined as the generalizability of recruitment processes, assessment/diagnostic procedures, treatment protocols, and 34

therapeutic results from research settings to naturalistic treatment settings. The main goal of the present study was to examine the clinical representativeness of couple therapy in outcome studies. The data set was formed by 50 published clinical trials, including 34 couple therapy outcome studies for marital distress (CTMD) and 16 couple therapy outcome studies for comorbid relational and mental disorders (CTMD+C). The present findings showed that, overall, the clinical representativeness of couple therapy outcome studies is only fair (i.e., the mean global score is slightly lower than the midpoint of the rating scale used to assess representativeness). CTMD+C studies fared better than CTMD studies on many dimensions of clinical relevance. Studies in which pretherapy training was less intensive (for CTMD studies only), treatment was less structured, and therapists were more experienced showed larger effect sizes than those in which such was not the case.

Traumatische ervaringen / Traumatic experiences Arthur, Max Vergeten stemmen van de Tweede Wereldoorlog / Max Arthur ; [vert. uit het Engels: Hans van Cuijlenborg]. - 1e dr. - Amsterdam : Mynx, 2006. - 600 p. : ill. ; 22 cm Vert. van: Forgotten voices of the Second World War. - London : Ebury, 2004. - Uitg. in samenw. met het Imperial War Museum. - Met reg. ISBN 90-225-4655-1 Persoonlijke ervaringen Tweede Wereldoorlog Geschiedenis Oral history Het geluidsarchief van het Imperial War Museum bevat talloze interviews met soldaten, matrozen, piloten en burgers van verschillende nationaliteiten, die allen de Tweede Wereldoorlog hebben meegemaakt. Historicus Max Arthur spendeerde met zijn team van onderzoekers honderden uren in dit archief en ontdekte veel materiaal waar nooit meer naar geluisterd was sinds het archief was opgericht. Het resultaat is een complete orale geschiedenis van de Tweede Wereldoorlog, opgetekend in chronologische volgorde vanaf het begin van de oorlog via belangrijke episodes als Pearl Harbour, de oorlog met Japan en D-Day, tot de veldtocht in Duitsland zelf. s8.1.1 ART Bowen, Jeremy War stories / Jeremy Bowen. - London : Simon & Schuster, 0620. - 320 p. ; 24 cm ISBN 0-7432-3094-9 hbk ISBN 1-8473-7018-7 pbk Journalisten Oorlogscorrespondenten Libanon Voormalig Joegoslavië Rwanda Afghanistan Biografieën Bowen charts his progress from keen young novice whose first reaction to the sound of gunfire was to run towards it to the more circumspect veteran he is today. It will also discuss the changes that have taken place in the ways in which wars are reported over the course of his career, from the Gulf War to Bosnia, Afghanistan to Rwanda. s8.2 BOW

35

Handbook Handbook of PTSD : science and practice / edited by Matthew J. Friedman, Terence M. Keane, Patricia A. Resick. - New York, NY [etc.] : The Guilford Press, cop. 2007. - XV, 592 p. : ill. ; 26 cm Lit. opg. - Index. ISBN 1-593-85473-0 PTSD Psychiatrie Handboeken This state-of-the-art handbook reviews the latest scientific advances in understanding trauma and PTSD, discusses the implications for clinical practice, and evaluates the status of evidence-based assessment and treatment. The foremost authorities in the field examine posttraumatic psychological reactions on multiple levels, from genes and neurocircuitry to gender and lifespan development. Established and emerging psychological, medical, and public health interventions are discussed in depth, as are issues in tailoring treatment to the needs of different populations. Special topics include forensic issues, resilience, and prevention. The integrative concluding chapter presents a reasoned agenda for future research. s8 HAN Jones, E. Historical approaches to post-combat disorders / E. Jones. In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society London. Series B Biological sciences = ISSN 0962-8436: vol. 361 (2006), p. 533-542. PTSD Onverklaarbare lichamelijke klachten Geschiedenis Almost every major war in the last century involving western nations has seen combatants diagnosed with a form of post-combat disorder. Some took a psychological form (exhaustion, combat fatigue, combat stress reaction and post-traumatic stress disorder), while others were characterized by medically unexplained symptoms (soldier's heart, effort syndrome, shell shock, non-ulcer dyspepsia, effects of Agent Orange and Gulf War Syndrome). Although many of these disorders have common symptoms, the explanations attached to them showed considerable diversity often reflected in the labels themselves. These causal hypotheses ranged from the effects of climate, compressive forces released by shell explosions, side effects of vaccinations, changes in diet, toxic effects of organophosphates, oil-well fires or depleted-uranium munitions. Military history suggests that these disorders, which coexisted in the civilian population, reflected popular health fears and emerged in the gaps left by the advance of medical science. While the current Iraq conflict has yet to produce a syndrome typified by medically unexplained symptoms, it is unlikely that we have seen the last of post-combat disorders as past experience suggests that they have the capacity to catch both military planners and doctors by surprise. KOC Kleber, Rolf J. Weg van het trauma: dilemma's in kennis en toepassing en Trauma: dilemma's in kennis en toepassing; het symposium voorafgaand aan de oratie. - [S.l] : stichting KTP, 2007. 36 p. : Ill., foto's. ; 20 cm Oratie 9 februari 2007. - Lit.opg.: p. 19-21. Psychotrauma Determinisme Emoties Cultuur 36

Redes Symposium PTSS Voorspellen Behandeling EMDR Cultuur Psychobiologie Hormonen Cognitieve gedragstherapie s8 WEG-I en s8 WEG-II Pole N. The psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis / N. Pole. In: Psychological Bulletin = ISSN 0033-2909: vol. 133 (2007), no. 5, p. 725-746. PTSD Psychofysiologie Overzichtsartikel This meta-analysis of 58 resting baseline studies, 25 startle studies, 17 standardized trauma cue studies, and 22 idiographic trauma cue studies compared adults with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on psychophysiological variables: facial electromyography (EMG), heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), and blood pressure. Significant weighted mean effects of PTSD were observed for HR (r = .18) and SC (r = .08) in resting baseline studies; eyeblink EMG (r = .13), HR (r = .23), and SC habituation slope (r = .21) in startle studies; HR (r = .27) in standardized trauma cue studies; and frontalis EMG (r = .21), corrugator EMG (r = .34), HR (r = .22), and SC (r = .19) in idiographic trauma cue studies. The most robust correlates of PTSD were SC habituation slope, facial EMG during idiographic trauma cues, and HR during all study types. Overall, the results support the view that PTSD is associated with elevated psychophysiology. However, the generalizability of these findings is limited by characteristics of the published literature, including its disproportionate focus on male veterans and neglect of potential PTSD subtypes. KOC Rakemann, Alexandra Leven in de brouwerij : dramatherapie en de behandeling van emotieregulatieproblematiek / Alexandra Rakemann. In: Tijdschrift voor vaktherapie = ISSN 1871-5052: vol. 3 (2007), no. 3, p. 3-9. Traumatische ervaringen Psychotrauma Vrouwen Dramatherapie In dit artikel wordt beschreven hoe dramatherapie wordt ingezet in de behandeling van vrouwen met een emotieregulatiestoornis als gevolg van trauma. In de behandeling ligt de nadruk op het aanleren van vaardigheden om eigen emoties en gedrag te beïnvloeden. Binnen dramatherapie worden binnen spel de reactiepatronen van de vrouwen al snel zichtbaar en kan binnen de veiligheid van een rol worden geoefend met andere reactiepatronen, bijvoorbeeld door het inzetten van verschillende speltechnieken als vergroten of verkleinen van emoties, wisselen van emotie, wisselen van rol (speler, regisseur, toeschouwer), stemvolume, lichaamstaal en mimiek.

37

Staak, C. van der Beproefd: Welke therapie werkt het beste bij chronische PTSS? / C. van der Staak. In: Maandblad Geestelijke Volksgezondheid = ISSN 0024-8576: vol. 62 (2007), no. 6, p. 522-524. PTSD Behandeling Overzichtsartikelen De laatste jaren is veel onderzoek gedaan naar het effect van verschillende vormen van psychotherapie op chronische post-traumatische stress stoornis (PTSS). Wat heeft dat opgeleverd voor de praktijk? KOC Traum Traum & Trauma = Dream & trauma : Werke aus der Sammlung Dakis Joannou, Athen : works from the Dakis Joannou Collection, Athens / [Hg.: Kunsthalle Wien, Gerald Matt, Angela Stief]. - Ostfildern : Hatje Cantz ; Wien : Kunsthalle Wien, MUMOK, 2007. - 239 p. : ill. ; 32 cm Tekst in het Duits en Engels. Kunst Psychotrauma Works from the Dakis Joannou collection, Athens; a joint project with Kunsthalle Wien and MUMOK.The exhibition approaches the two phenomena that draw on the unconscious, the dream as well as the psychic injury,the trauma, with over 40 contemporary artistic positions.Dream and trauma are regarded as opposites that have a lot in common: the psychoanalytical background, the phenomena of the unconscious and suppression and, not least, their power of transcendence. An aesthetics of the traumatic as found in the works of William Kentridge or Cindy Sherman visualises forms of pain, fear and injury, it shows wounds to the essence of being and existential wounding. It depicts inner states of feeling, altered, crazy and uncanny perceptions of reality (Robert Gober), fragmented bodies (Paul McCarthy, Anna Gaskell) and remnant forms (Urs Fischer). It discovers an art that, in the works of Gregory Crewdson, Tim Noble/Sue Webster, visualises the repressed and depraved and so uncovers pain-filled wishes, desires and dreams. Dreams and trauma reveal their imaginary power in the tension between absence and presence; repression and a surfeit of emotion; abstraction (Olafur Eliasson, Christopher Wool) and visual overload (Aurel Schmidt, Ralf Ziervogel). s7.2 TRA Trauma, Trauma, truth and reconciliation : healing damaged relationships / edited by Nancy Nyquist Potter. - Oxford [etc.] : Oxford University Press, 2006. - x, 304 p. ; 24 cm. (International perspectives in philosophy and psychiatry) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-856942-4 hbk ISBN 0-19-856943-2 pbk Psychotrauma Verzoening Psychotherapie Politiek Woede Vergeving Waarheid Narratieve therapie Zingeving Conflictmanagement 38

Het onderwerp trauma en verzoening wordt uitgewerkt vanuit het perspectief van de slachtoffers en de daders. De eerste hoofdstukken schetsen parallellen en verschillen tussen het werk van verzoeningscommissies, zoals de South African Thruth and Reconciliation Commission ('Waarheidscommissie'), en het werk van psychotherapeuten. Daarna volgt een aantal hoofdstukken over de relatie tussen het zich uiten in verhalen, het vertellen van de waarheid en het bewerkstelligen van verzoening. De functie en het belang van vergeven komt hierin aan bod. De laatste hoofdstukken gaan over de nadelige gevolgen van het verdoezelen van de waarheid voor vergeven en verzoenen. s8 TRA Wessely, S. Reflections on Gulf War illness / S. Wessely and L. Freedman. In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society London. Series B Biological sciences = ISSN 0962-8436: vol. 361 (2006), p. 721-730. Golfoorlogsyndroom Overzichtsartikelen KOC

PTSD / general PTSD Allen, Jon G. Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in women from a psychometric perspective / Jon G. Allen, Lolafaye Coyne and Janis Huntoon. In: Journal of Personality Assessment = ISSN 0022-3891: vol. 70 (1998), no. 2, p. 277298. Meervoudig trauma PTSD Vrouwen Psychometrie Methoden en technieken Onderzoek Herman's (1992a) formulation of complex PTSD was not incorporated into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994), but finds ample confirmation in personality assessment of women in inpatient treatment for trauma-related disorders. This study relates MCMI-III and Adult Attachment Scale scores to a self-report measure of childhood abuse and neglect, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Consistent with Herman's formulation, the data reveal a wide array of symptoms coupled with two facets of relationship disturbance: (a) enmeshment in ambivalence (depressive, dependent, and self-defeating personality as well as ambivalent attachment), and (b) more profound isolation (avoidant and schizoid personality coupled with profoundly insecure attachment). We present a model for using such psychometric findings in patient education and diagnostic evaluations. Harmon, S. Cory Enhancing outcome for potential treatment failures : therapist-client feedback and clinical support tools / S. Cory Harmon, Michael J. Lambert, David M. Smart, Eric Hawkins, Stevan L. Nielsen, Karstin Slade and Wolfgang Lutz. In: Psychotherapy research = ISSN 1050-3307: vol. 17 (2007), no. 4 (July), p. 379-392. Behandeling Effectiviteit Kwaliteitszorg Onderzoek 39

Enhancing treatment outcomes for clients who are predicted to deteriorate before leaving treatment has important implications for quality of client care. The effects of three interventions aimed at reducing client deterioration were examined in a sample of 1,374 clients whose outcome was contrasted across experimental groups and with a nofeedback/archival control group consisting of data from 1,445 clients. Results indicated that feedback to therapists reduced deterioration rates and improved outcome across clients, especially those predicted to be treatment failures. Therapist feedback effects were enhanced by the use of prompts to action based on a clinical support tools manual but not by the provision of direct feedback to clients. Kenny, Lucy M. Keeping memories at an arm's length : vantage point of trauma memories / Lucy M. Kenny and Richard A. Bryant. In: Behaviour research and therapy = ISSN 0005-7967: vol. 45 (2007), no. 8 (August), p. 1915-1920. PTSD Dissociatie Geheugen Herinneringen Onderzoek Vermijden This study investigated the relationship between memory vantage point and avoidance following trauma. Sixty trauma survivors with differing levels of avoidance were interviewed about the vantage point of their memory for trauma, a positive memory, and a neutral memory. Avoidant individuals were more likely to remember their trauma from an observer perspective than individuals with a lower level of avoidance. Avoidance did not influence vantage point for positive or neutral memories. These data support the proposal that adoption of the observer vantage point for trauma memories may serve an avoidant function for people affected by trauma. Brewin, Chris R. Memory for emotionally neutral information in posttraumatic stress disorder : a metaanalytic investigation / Chris R. Brewin, Jennifer Sue Kleiner, Jennifer J. Vasterling and Andy P. Field. In: Journal of Abnormal Psychology = ISSN 0021-843x: vol. 116 (2007), no. 3 (August), p. 448-463. PTSD Geheugen Risicofactoren Neurobiologie Literatuuronderzoek Studies have come to conflicting conclusions about whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with poorer memory for emotionally neutral information. The authors report a meta-analysis of 27 studies that investigated verbal and/or visual memory in samples with PTSD and healthy controls. The results indicated that the association between PTSD and memory impairment appears to be robust, small to moderate in size, and stronger for verbal than for visual memory. Effect sizes did not vary according to whether recall was immediate or delayed. The association is found in both civilian and military samples and cannot be readily explained as being due to the use of nontraumatized healthy control groups or concurrent head injury. The findings are placed in the context of recent neurobiological and experimental cognitive research.

40

Cantor, Chris Traumatic entrapment, appeasement and complex post-traumatic stress disorder: evolutionary perspectives of hostage reactions, domestic abuse and the Stockholm syndrome / Chris Cantor and John Price. In: Australian and New Zealand Journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0004-8674: vol. 41 (2007), no. 5 (May), p. 377-384. Gijzelingen Gijzelaars Meervoudige PTSD Coping Stockholm syndroom Neurobiologie Onderzoek Evolutionary theory and cross-species comparisons are explored to shed new insights into behavioural responses to traumatic entrapment, examining their relationships to the Stockholm syndrome (a specific response to traumatic entrapment) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A selective literature review is undertaken examining responses to traumatic entrapment (including hostage, domestic abuse and similar situations) and the Stockholm syndrome, before examining mammalian, reptilian and other defensive responses to relevant threats. Chimpanzees, the closest relatives of humans, are closely examined from this perspective and commonalities in behavioural responses are highlighted. The neurobiological basis of defensive behaviours underlying PTSD is explored with reference to the triune brain model. Victims of protracted traumatic entrapment under certain circumstances may display the Stockholm syndrome, which involves paradoxically positive relationships with their oppressors that may persist beyond release. Similar responses are observed in many mammalian species, especially primates. Ethological concepts including dominance hierarchies, reverted escape, deescalation and conditional reconciliation appear relevant and are illustrated. These phenomena are commonly encountered in victims of severe abuse and understanding these concepts may assist clinical management. Appeasement is the mammalian defence most relevant to the survival challenge presented by traumatic entrapment and appears to be the foundation of complex PTSD. Evolutionary perspectives have considerable potential to bridge and integrate neurobiology and the social sciences with respect to traumatic stress responses. Emmerik, Arnold van Leven met een trauma : informatie voor de cliënt en de directe omgeving / Arnold van Emmerik en Ed Berretty. In: Psychopraxis = ISSN 1566-6166: vol. 9 (2007), no. 4 (augustus), p. 160-164. Traumatische ervaringen PTSD Diagnostiek Behandeling Zelfhulp Korte beschrijving van de kenmerken van PTSS en hoe de getroffenen en omgeving van de getroffenen daar het beste om kunnen gaan. Het bevat praktische vragenlijsten om de verschijnselen van PTSS te herkennen. Tevens bevat het een overzicht van adressen waar mensen met een PTSS zich kunnen laten behandelen. Knaevelsrud, Christine New treatment approaches : integrating new media in the treatment of war and torture victims / Christine Knaevelsrud, Birgit Wagner, Anke Karl and Julia Mueller. In: Torture = ISSN 0904-1982: vol. 17 (2007), no. 2, p. 67-78. Martelingen 41

Oorlogsgetroffenen PTSD Diagnose Behandeling Internet Computers Literatuuronderzoek The diagnostic process and treatment of victims of war and torture is associated with a number of difficulties. This article will provide an overview of three different approaches on how the new media may be integrated into the treatment of survivors of torture and war to face some of the challenges. Illiteracy is a common problem and makes it difficult to apply standardized psychological assessment procedures. Also, the majority of survivors of torture and war do not have access to any psychotherapeutic treatment due to geographical limitations or limitations concerning psychotherapeutic treatment capacity. Furthermore, chronic psychological disorders such as (complex) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are often seen with comorbid chronic pain disorders, which present a therapeutic challenge. Marshall, Randall D. A controlled trial of paroxetine for chronic PTSD, dissociation, and interpersonal problems in mostly minority adults / Randall D. Marshall, Roberto Lewis-Fernandez, Carlos Blanco, Blair Simpson, Shu-Hsing Lin, Donna Vermes, Wendy Garcia, Franklin Schneier, Yuval Neria, Yuval Neria, Arturo Sanchez-Lacay and Michael R. Liebowitz. In: Depression and anxiety = ISSN 1091-4269: vol. 24 (2007), no. 2, p. 77-84. Volwassenen Minderheden PTSD Dissociatie Psychofarmaca Transculturele psychiatrie Onderzoek This study evaluated the efficacy of paroxetine for symptoms and associated features of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), interpersonal problems, and dissociative symptoms in an urban population of mostly minority adults. Adult outpatients with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of chronic PTSD received 1 week of single-blind placebo (N = 70). Those not rated as significantly improved were then randomly assigned to placebo (N = 27) or paroxetine (N = 25) for 10 weeks, with a flexible dosage design (maximum 60 mg by week 7). Significantly more patients treated with paroxetine were rated as responders (14/21, 66.7%) on the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement Scale (CGI-I) compared to patients treated with placebo (6/22, 27.3%). Mixed effects models showed greater reductions on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) total score (primary plus associated features of PTSD) in the paroxetine versus placebo groups. Paroxetine was also superior to placebo on reduction of dissociative symptoms [Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) score] and reduction in self-reported interpersonal problems [Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) score]. In a 12-week maintenance phase, paroxetine response continued to improve, but placebo response did not. Paroxetine was well tolerated and superior to placebo in ameliorating the symptoms of chronic PTSD, associated features of PTSD, dissociative symptoms, and interpersonal problems in the first trial conducted primarily in minority adults. Minnen, A. van Behandelprotocol Posttraumatische stressstoornis / dr. A. van Minnen, prof. Dr. A. Arntz. Amsterdam : Uitgeverij Boom, 2005. - 60 p. ; 30 cm Bevat therapeutenboek en werkboek. 42

PTSD Behandeling Protocollen Therapieën Exposure Therapeutenboek Werkboek s8 MIN-1 en MIN-2 Rogala, Shari S. Effects of posttraumatic stress disorder on pregnancy outcomes / Shari S. Rogala, Karalee Poschmana, Kathleen Belangerb, Heather B. Howella, Megan V. Smitha and Jessica Medinaa. In: Journal of affective disorders = ISSN 1573-2517: vol. 102 (2007), no. 1-3 (September), p. 137-143. Traumatische ervaringen Zwangerschap Vrouwen Zeer jonge kinderen Depressie Angststoornissen Onderzoek Verenigde Staten Pregnant women were recruited from obstetrics clinics and screened for major and minor depressive disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, and substance use. Current episodes of PTSD were diagnosed according to the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from hospital records. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), diagnosed prospectively during pregnancy, and the risk of delivering a low birth weight (<2500 g) or preterm (<37 weeks gestational age) infant. It is concluded that the data suggest a possible association between PTSD and preterm delivery. Coupled with the association found between LBW and a depressive disorder, these results support the utility of screening for mental health disorders in pregnancy. Special A special issue. In: Journal of anxiety disorders = ISSN 0887-6185: vol. 21 (2007), no. 2, p. 161-241. PTSD Dissociatie Diagnostiek DSM-V Behandeling Vietnam-veteranen Methoden en technieken Onderzoek Literatuuronderzoek 1) Challenges to the PTSD construct and its database : the importance of scientific debate / Gerald M. Rosen and B. Christopher Frueh, p. 161-163; 2) A paradigm shift in the conceptualization of psychological trauma in the 20th century / Edgar Jones and Simon Wessely, p.164-175; 3) Is PTSD caused by traumatic stress? / J. Alexander Bodkin, Harrison G. Pope, Michael J. Detke and James I. Hudson, p. 176-182; 4) Does dissociation further our understanding of PTSD? / Richard A. Bryant, p. 183-191; 5) Can we solve the mysteries of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study? / Richard J. McNally, p. 192-200; 6) Pseudo-PTSD / Gerald M. Rosen and Steven Taylor, p. 20143

210; 7) PTSD : a problematic diagnostic category / Paul R. McHugh and Glenn Treisman, p. 211-222; 8) Posttraumatic stress syndromes : useful or negative heuristics? / James C. Coyne and Richard Thompson, p. 223-229; 9) Troublesome memories : reflections on the future / Allan Young and Naomi Breslau, p. 230-232; 10) Saving PTSD from itself in DSMV / Robert L. Spitzer, Michael B. First and Jerome C. Wakefield, p. 233-241 Tomasoa, A.T. Rationele Rehabilitatie bij de posttraumatische stressstoornis : een pilotonderzoek / A.T. Tomasoa. In: Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie = ISSN 0303-7339: vol. 49 (2007), no. 8, p. 529-536. PTSD Behandeling Onderzoek Doel van dit artikel is om door middel van een pilotonderzoek naar het effect van Rationele Rehabilitatie bij mensen met een posttraumatische stressstoornis, nagaan of gecontroleerd onderzoek hiernaar ge‹ndiceerd is. Negentien patiënten met een posttraumatische stressstoornis kozen ervoor om gedurende de wachttijd voor reguliere behandeling mee te doen aan het onderzoek. Het effect van Rationele Rehabilitatie werd onderzocht met betrekking tot symptomen van posttraumatische stressstoornis, ervaren van geluk, autonomie, sociale steun en behoefte aan verdere behandeling. Rationele Rehabilitatie lijkt een positief effect te hebben op alle onderzochte uitkomstvariabelen, behalve herbelevingen. Een gecontroleerd onderzoek naar het effect van Rationele Rehabilitatie bij patiënten met een posttraumatische stressstoornis lijkt gerechtvaardigd. Yehuda, Rachel Differentiating biological correlates of risk, PTSD, and resilience following trauma exposure / Rachel Yehuda and Janine D. Flory. In: Journal of traumatic stress = ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 20 (2007), no. 4 (August), p. 435447. PTSD Veerkracht Neurobiologie Onderzoek Risk and resilience factors presumably explain the individual differences in the response to adversity. However, little is known about how such factors are related. Risk and protective factors may reflect a quantitative difference along a single dimension (e.g., low IQ might be associated with risk and high IQ with resilience); however, they may also refer to orthogonal constructs that interact and/or moderate stress effects to increase or diminish the probability of developing trauma-related psychopathology (e.g., good coping could offset low IQ). The authors illustrate experimental strategies for distinguishing between these possibilities for any putative measure relating to symptom development, using a database that includes published and unpublished psychological and biological variables from a relatively homogenous cohort of exposed and nonexposed veterans.

Behandeling / Treatment Bisson, Jonathan I. Early psychosocial intervention following traumatic events / Jonathan I. Bisson, Mark Brayne, Frank M. Ochberg and George S. Everly. In: American journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0002-953x: vol. 164 (2007), no. 7 (July), p. 1016-1019. Traumatische ervaringen Journalistiek 44

PTSD Behandeling Gedragstherapie Vroegtijdige interventies Casuïstiek This article describes the treatment of 35-year old journalist, who was sent to report from the scene of a bomb attack that witnessed several casualties. The scene distressed him greatly. Immediately afterward, he began repeatedly to reexperience what had happened, leading him to avoid either discussing or thinking about it. He seemed to recover within a month, but then symptoms of distress increased again for no apparent reason. The patient was treated with 10 sessions of trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy. Jonge, Martha de Als slachtoffers ook daders zijn : agressie en dadergedrag bij veteranen en andere oorlogsgetroffenen met PTSS / Martha de Jonge, Arend Veeninga, Marcel van den Hout en Anton Hafkenscheid. In: Maandblad Geestelijke volksgezondheid = ISSN 0024-8576: vol. 62 (2007), no. 5 (mei), p. 383-392. Dader-slachtoffer Veteranen Oorlogsgetroffenen PTSD Agressie Behandeling Onderzoek Nederland Sinai Centrum In dit artikel wordt onderzocht in welke mate agressie en dadergedrag voorkomt onder veteranen en burgers die PTSS hebben ontwikkeld na het meemaken van oorlogsgeweld, en of er een verschil bestaat tussen deze groepen? Ten tweede wordt onderzocht hoe vaak deze problematiek expliciet in het behandelbeleid wordt opgenomen, indien er bij een PTSS-patiënt inderdaad sprake is van agressief gedrag of dadergedrag. Er is gebruik gemaakt van gegevens uit de dossiers van (ex-)patiënten van het Sinai Centrum in Amersfoort. Er wordt geconcludeerd dat agressie en dadergedrag zowel onder veteranen als ook andere patiëntencategoriën met PTSS voorkomen. KOC Leibovici, Solange Trauma en creativiteit / Solange Leibovici. In: Tijdschrift voor psychoanalyse = ISSN 1382-516x: vol. 13 (2007), no. 2, p. 108-120. Psychotrauma Creativiteit Verhalen Levensverhalen Primo Levi Literatuur Methoden en technieken Diverse disciplines hebben zich vanouds over creativiteit en creatieve processen gebogen. Momenteel gebeurt dit meer dan ooit. Volgens de auteur zou creativiteit geschematiseerd kunnen worden als een aantal cirkels die elkaar doorkruisen, waarbij het trauma als een kern functioneert die deels in elke cirkel aanwezig is. Daarnaast wordt ook gekeken naar factoren zoals persoonlijkheid, geheugen, sublimatie, herhaling, transitionele ruimte en vertelkunst. 45

Staak, Cees van der Beproefd : welke therapie werkt het beste bij chronische PTSS? / Cees van der Staak. In: Maandblad Geestelijke volksgezondheid = ISSN 0024-8576: vol. 62 (2007), no. 6 (juni), p. 522-524. PTSD Behandeling EMDR Cognitieve therapie Gedragstherapie Effectiviteit Onderzoek Recensies Samenvatting en bespreking van het artikel 'Psychological treatments for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder : systematic review and meta-analysis' van J.I. Bisson, A. Ehlers, R. Matthews, S. Pilling, D. Richards and S. Turner, uit British Journal of Psychiatry 198 (2007), p.97-104. Het blijkt dat patiënten met chronische PTSD, EMDR en individuele traumagerichte cognitieve gedragstherapie het meest effectief zijn van de nietmedicamenteuze behandelvormen. Stok, Marjolein Eenmalige exposure in beeldende therapie : onderzoek naar effecten van het in beeld brengen van traumatische ervaringen op traumagerelateerde klachten / Marjolein Stok. In: Tijdschrift voor vaktherapie = ISSN 1871-5052: vol. 3 (2007), no. 1, p. 3-10. Traumatische ervaringen PTSD Behandeling Exposure Creatieve therapie Kortdurende psychotherapie Effectiviteit Onderzoek In dit artikel wordt het onderzoek 'Trauma in beeld' gepresenteerd naar de effecten van een kortdurende beeldende interventie en exposure op vermijding en herbeleving, als aanvulling op een verbale ambulante therapie. Beschreven wordt de achtergrond van het onderzoek, de onderzoeksopzet en een discussie over de onder andere de werkzaamheid en behandelduur. Wagner, Amy W. Applications of dialectical behavior therapy to the treatment of complex trauma-related problems : when one case formulation does not fit all / Amy W. Wagner, Shireen L. Rizvi and Melanie S. Harned. In: Journal of traumatic stress = ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 20 (2007), no. 4 (August), p. 391400. PTSD Behandeling Gedragstherapie Onderzoek In this article, the authors take the perspective that effective treatment of complex traumarelated problems requires, in the absence of empirically supported treatments, a reliance on theory, idiographic assessment, and empirically supported principles of change. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; M. M. Linehan, 1993) is used to demonstrate the applicability of this approach to the treatment of multiproblem, heterogeneous populations in general. Two case studies are presented that highlight the utility of DBT principles to complex trauma-related problems specifically. 46

Hulpverleners / Social workers Hernández, Pilar Vicarious resilience : a new concept in work with those who survive trauma / Pilar Hernández, David Gangsei and David Engstrom. In: Family process = ISSN 0014-7370: vol. 46 (2007), no. 2 (June), p. 229-241. Psychotrauma Psychotherapeuten Secundaire traumatisering Interactieproces Overdracht Veerkracht Onderzoek This study explores the formulation of a new concept: vicarious resilience. It addresses the question of how psychotherapists who work with survivors of political violence or kidnapping are affected by their clients' stories of resilience. It focuses on the psychotherapists' interpretations of their clients' stories, and how they make sense of the impact that these stories have had on their lives. In semistructured interviews, 12 psychotherapists who work with victims of political violence and kidnapping were interviewed about their perceptions of their clients' overcoming of adversity. A phenomenological analysis of the transcripts was used to describe the themes that speak about the effects of witnessing how clients cope constructively with adversity. These themes are discussed to advance the concept of vicarious resilience and how it can contribute to sustaining and empowering trauma therapists. Seierstad, Åsne Met de rug naar de wereld : portretten uit Servië / Ǻsne Seierstad ; uit het Noors vert. door Diederik Grit. - Breda : De Geus, cop. 2007. - 318 p. : krt. ; 20 cm Vert. van: Med ryggen mot verden : fremdeles: portretter fra Serbia. - Oslo : Cappelen, 2004. Oorlogen Servië Verhalen Seierstad volgde veertien Serviërs uit verschillende milieus: aanhangers en tegenstanders van Milosevic, plattelandsbewoners en stedelingen, armen en rijken, boeren en ministers, ouderen en jongeren. Hoe leefden ze en welke keuzes maakten ze. s5.5 SEI

Kinderen / Children Allen, Brian Personality characteristics of adult survivors of childhood trauma / Brian Allen and Dean Lauterbach. In: Journal of traumatic stress = ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 20 (2007), no. 4 (August), p. 587595. Zeer jonge kinderen Psychotrauma Jeugdtrauma PTSD Volwassenen Diagnose 47

Persoonlijkheidsstructuur Onderzoek Lenore Terr (1991) proposed a framework for childhood trauma that distinguishes between single-incident trauma (Type I) and repeated or prolonged trauma (Type II). Terr's framework and data collected from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) are used to examine differences in personality between adult survivors of childhood Type I trauma, childhood Type II trauma, and a control group of adults not traumatized as children. Groups were compared on five personality scales. Results indicate that individuals in the trauma categories scored higher in neuroticism and openness to new experiences than individuals in the control group. The Type I group was lower than the control group on interpersonal dependency, whereas the Type II group scored higher than the control group on this measure. Giesbrecht, Timo The dissociative experiences taxon is related to fantasy proness / Timo Giesbrecht, Harald Merckelbach and Elke Geraerts. In: Journal of nervous and mental disease = ISSN 0022-3018: vol. 195 (2007), no. 9 (September), p. 769-772. Sexueel geweld Kinderen Dissociatieve stoornissen Borderline syndroom Schizofrenie Pathologie Onderzoek Some authors have argued that nonpathological dissociation should be distinguished from a taxon form of pathological dissociation, which is indexed by the Dissociative Experiences Scale Taxon (DES-T). We tested to what extent DES-T scores are independent from fantasy immersion and whether DES-T scores are uniquely related to trauma self-reports. To this end, subsamples of undergraduate students (n = 930), healthy adults (n = 20), schizophrenic patients (n = 22), borderline personality disordered patients (n = 20), patients with mood disorder without psychosis (n = 19), and women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (n = 55) completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale and a measure of fantasy immersion. DES-T scores were related to absorption and fantasy immersion to a lesser extent than the original DES. However, the fact that nontrivial percentages within all groups, except for the healthy adults, were classified as taxon members casts doubts on the assumption that DES-T is a reliable index of pathological dissociation. Also, we found that the DES-T was not exclusively related to reports of childhood sexual abuse.

Ouderen / Elderly Zelst, Willeke van Ouderen dubbel gepakt : PTSS verstopt achter andere klachten / Willeke van Zelst. In: Cogiscope = ISSN 1871-1065: vol. 3 (2007), no. 3 (oktober), p. 2-6. Ouderen PTSD Diagnostiek Onderzoek Dit artikel bespreekt de resultaten van een langdurig onderzoek onder ouderen die in deze fase van hun leven PTSS-klachten hebben, maar daar niet passend voor behandeld worden, omdat hun klachten anders worden geduid. De resultaten van het kwantitatieve onderzoek naar het vóórkomen van PTSS onder ouderen, geven aan dat behandelaars te 48

weinig oog hebben voor dit onderliggende patroon van de klachten die door deze ouderen worden gepresenteerd. Bewerking van een presentatie gehouden op 6 juni 2007 voor het door Cogis georganiseerde symposium 'Getraumatiseerd oud worden'. Dementia Dementia : mind, meaning, and the person / edited by Julian Hughes, Stephen Louw, Steven R. Sabat. - Oxford [etc.] : Oxford University Press, 2006. - XVI, 310 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - (International perspectives in philosophy and psychiatry) Based on a conference that was held in Newcastle upon Tyne in late 2002. - Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-856614-X hbk ISBN 0-19-856615-8 pbk Dementie Alzheimer Ouderen Interactieproces Identiteit Betekenisgeving Filosofie Psychologie Existentialisme Ethiek List of contributors 1 Seeing whole/Julian C. Hughes, Stephen J. Louw, and Steven R. Sabat 2 Ageing and human nature/Michael Bavidge 3 Dementia and personal identity/A. Harry Lesser 4 Identity, self, and dementia/John McMillan 5 Into the darkness: losing identity with dementia/Jennijer Radden and Joan M. Fordyce 6 Can the self disintegrate? Personal identity, psychopathology,and disunities of consciousness/E. Jonathan Lowe 7 Keeping track, autobiography, and the conditions for self-erosion/Michael Luntley 8 The discursive turn, social constructionism, and dementia/Tim Thornton 9 The return of the living dead: agency lost and found?/Carnielo Aquilina and Julian C. Hughes 10 Dementia and the identity of the person/Eric Matthezvs 11 Meaning-making in dementia: a hermeneutic perspective/Guy A. M. Widdershoven and Ron L. P. Berghmans 12 Iam, thou art: personal identity in dementia/Catherine Oppenheimer/Spiritual perspectives on the person with dementia: identity and personhood/F. Brian Allen and Peter G. Coleman 14 Respectare: moral respect for the lives of the deeply forgetful/Stephen G. Post.15. Understanding of dementia: explanatory models and their implications for the person with dementia and therapeutic effort/ Murna Downs e.a.16. Personhood and interpersonal communication in dementia/ Lisa snyder 17. From childhood to childhood: autonomy and dependence through the ages of life/ Harry Clayton 18 Mind, meaning, and personhood in dementia/ Steven R. Sabat. s7.4 DEM

Rampen - ongelukken / Disasters - accidents Bisson, Jonathan l. Early Psychosocial Intervention Following Traumatic Events / Jonathan I. Bisson, Mark Brayne, Frank M. Ochberg and George S. Everly. In: American journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0002-953x: vol. 164 (2007), no. 7 (July), p. 1016-1019. Terrorisme Journalisten Depressie Diagnose 49

Behandeling Casu‹stiek Bill, a 35-year-old journalist working for a local radio station, was sent to report from the scene of a bomb attack that resulted in several fatalities. What he witnessed at the scene distressed him greatly. Immediately afterward, he began repeatedly to reexperience what had happened, leading him to avoid either discussing or thinking about it. He continued to work, but he lost interest in things around him. He became withdrawn, irritable, and hypervigilant. These symptoms rapidly diminished over the first few weeks, but then 1 month after the attack they began to increase again for no apparent reason. What is the differential diagnosis? How should Bill's symptoms be managed? Dorn, T. Gevolgen van de Nieuwjaarsbrand in Volendam voor de gezondheid : eindrapport van de monitoring in huisartsenpraktijken en apotheken / T. Dorn, P.M.H. ten Veen, C.J. IJzermans. - Utrecht : NIVEL, cop. 2007. - 109 p. : ill. ; 24 cm Onderzoek in opdracht van het ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn & Sport. - Met lit. opg. Gezondheid Rampen Volendam Geneesmiddelen s8.4 DOR KOC Fijen, Leo De ouders van Volendam : over leven na de dood van je kind / Leo Fijen. - Kampen : Ten Have, cop. 2006. - 223 p. : ill. ; 22 cm Met lit. opg. ISBN 90-259-5625-4 Rampen Branden Volendam Ouders Rouwproces Erkenning Lotgenotencontact Persoonlijke ervaringen s7.5 FIJE Ganzel, Barbara The aftermath of 9/11 : effect of intensity and recency of trauma on outcome / Barbara Ganzel, B.J. Casey and Gary Glover. In: Emotion = ISSN 1878-1624: vol. 7 (2007), no. 2, p. 227-238. Terrorisme Neuropsychologie Hersenen Volwassenen Lange-termijn effecten Onderzoek Does trauma exposure have a long-term impact on the brain and behavior of healthy individuals? The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the impact of proximity to the disaster of September 11, 2001, on amygdala function in 22 healthy adults. More than three years after the terrorist attacks, bilateral amygdala activity in response to viewing fearful faces compared to calm ones was higher in people who 50

were within 1.5 miles of the World Trade Center on 9/11, relative to those who were living more than 200 miles away (all were living in the New York metropolitan area at time of scan). This activity mediated the relationship between group status and current symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. In turn, the effect of group status on both amygdala activation (fearful vs. calm faces) and current symptoms was statistically explained by time since worst trauma in lifetime and intensity of worst trauma, as indicated by reported symptoms at time of the trauma. These data are consistent with a model of heightened amygdala reactivity following high-intensity trauma exposure, with relatively slow recovery. Schinka, John A. Confirmatory factor analysis of the PTSD checklist in the elderly / John A. Schinka, Lisa M. Brown, Amy R. Borenstein and James A. Mortimer. In: Journal of traumatic stress = ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 20 (2007), no. 3 (June), p. 281-289. Natuurrampen Ouderen Diagnose PTSD Onderzoek The authors examined the psychometric characteristics and factor structure of the Civilian Version of the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C; F. W. Weathers, B. T. Litz, J. A. Huska, & T. Keane, 1994) in elderly survivors, aged 66-90, of the 2004 Florida hurricane disasters. Confirmatory factor analyses of nine models of PCL-C structure revealed the strongest support for a 4-factor model consisting of reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and arousal dimensions. Future studies will be facilitated by the knowledge that the PCL-C 4factor model appears to apply across the adult age range and a variety of posttraumatic stress disorder-producing conditions. Walsh, Froma Traumatic loss and major disasters : strengthening family and community resilience / Froma Walsh. In: Family process = ISSN 0014-7370: vol. 46 (2007), no. 2 (June), p. 207-227. Rampen Terrorisme Gezinnen PTSD Community Mental Health Veerkracht Behandeling Literatuuronderzoek This article presents the core principles and value of a family and community resilienceoriented approach to recovery from traumatic loss when catastrophic events occur. In contrast to individually based, symptom-focused approaches to trauma recovery, this multisystemic practice approach contextualizes the distress in the traumatic experience and taps strengths and resources in relational networks to foster healing and posttraumatic growth. The intertwining of trauma and traumatic losses is discussed. Key family and social processes in risk and resilience in traumatic loss situations are outlined. Case illustrations, model programs, and intervention guidelines are described in situations of community violence and major disasters to suggest ways to foster family and community resilience. Themanummer Themanummer : defensie en binnenlands veiligheidsbeleid. In: Militaire spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 175 (2006), no. 11, p. 468-553. Defensie 51

Krijgsmacht Rampen Terrorisme Preventie In dit themanummer van de Militaire Spectator wordt ingegaan op de rol die de krijgsmacht heeft naast het verdedigen van de landsgrenzen. Men kan daarbij denken aan de inzet van de krijgsmacht bij terroristische aanslagen, rampen en rellen, maar ook aan voorkoming van dit soort gebeurtenissen.

(Seksueel) geweld / (Sexual) violence Breslau, Naomi Gender differences in the sensitivity to posttraumatic stress disorder: An epidemiological study of urban young adults / Naomi Breslau en James C. Anthony. In: Journal of abnormal psychology = ISSN 0021-843x: vol. 116 (2007), no. 3, p. 607-611. Geweldsgetroffenen Vrouwen Mannen PTSD Sekseverschillen Onderzoek The authors examine the relationship between 2 separate but interrelated findings in the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): women's greater PTSD risk following traumatic events and the sensitizing effects of a prior trauma on the PTSD response to a subsequent trauma. Data come from a representative sample of 1,698 young adults from a large U.S. city. Analysis was conducted on the subset exposed to traumatic events. Women's risk for PTSD following assaultive violence was higher than men's. When assaultive violence preceded a later nonassaultive trauma in women, there was an increased risk (relative risk = 4.9) for PTSD, which was not observed in men. The relative risk estimate in women was significantly higher than in men. These findings suggest that assaultive violence elicits women's PTSD response directly and by sensitizing them to the effects of subsequent traumatic events of lesser magnitude. Cohen, Lisa R. Treatment outcomes for women with substance abuse and PTSD who have experienced complex trauma / Lisa R. Cohen and Denise A. Hien. In: Psychiatric services = ISSN 1075-2730: vol. 57 (2006), no. 1 (January), p. 100-106. Meervoudig trauma PTSD Vrouwen Drugsmisbruik Comorbiditeit Onderzoek This study assessed the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on a range of problems associated with complex trauma in a sample of women with comorbid substance use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A total of 107 women with current or subthreshold PTSD and a current substance use disorder from an urban, low-income area were recruited from both community and clinical populations. At the end of treatment (three months postbaseline), compared with participants in the control group, those in the active treatment group showed significant reductions in symptoms of PTSD and alcohol use disorders, with a trend toward reductions in symptoms of drug use disorders. No significant differences were found between the groups on depression, dissociation, and social and sexual functioning outcomes. 52

Zee, Renate van der Eerwraak in Nederland / Renate van der Zee. - Antwerpen ; Amsterdam : Houtekiet, cop. 2006. - 230 p. ; 22 cm Met lit. opg. ISBN 90-5240-908-0 Eerwraak Vrouwen Allochtonen Hulpverlening Rechterlijke macht Politie Gezinnen Journaliste Van der Zee schetst de wijze waarop hulpverleners, politie en rechters in Nederland tot nu toe met het fenomeen eerwraak zijn omgegaan. Door gebrek aan expertise blijken soms fatale fouten te worden gemaakt. Aan de hand van vier persoonlijke verhalen wordt inzicht geboden in de problemen en het geweld dat de zorg om de familie-eer kan genereren. s8.6 ZEE

Veteranen / Veterans Algra, G.E. 'Atoombom was noodzakelijk': Ex-krijgsgevangene Cleem König overleefde Nagasaki / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 6 (2005), no. 6, p. 16-18. Krijgsgevangenen Veteranen Japan Persoonlijke ervaringen KOC Algra, G.E. 'Een beetje geluk moet je hebben': Meivlieger Jan Linzel overleefde bijna honderd missies / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 4, p. 18-19. Tweede Wereldoorlog Luchtmacht Veteranen Persoonlijke ervaringen "Ik dacht: zo'n kist heb ik nog nooit gezien. Maar toen ontdekte ik dat het een vijandelijk toestel was. Ik klom en heb een scherpe bocht naar links gedraaid en toen kwam ik pal achter hem te zitten, misschien hoogstens tweehonderd meter. Ik gaf een korte vuurstoot, waarna er een heel felle paarsachtige vlam uit zijn rechtermotor kwam en toen ging 'ie zo naar beneden. Nou, ik erachteraan, kijken wat er ging gebeuren. Toen kruiste hij de spoorweg Voorburg-Zoetermeer en zette 'ie hem ten noorden van de spoorweg aan de grond en toen was er allemaal zwarte rook en ik dacht: nou, die is er wel geweest." Aldus Jan Linzel in een nog steeds onvervalst prachtig Gronings dialect over zijn belevenissen als jachtvliegtuigpiloot in zijn Fokker D.XXI op de vroege ochtend van de tiende mei 1940. KOC

53

Algra, G.E. 'Een half jaar eerder waren we zelf door de Polen bevrijd': Jacq van Gastel werd in mei 1945 als bevrijder binnengehaald in Noord-Holland / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 7 (2006), no. 4, p. 34-37. Tweede Wereldoorlog Bevrijding Veteranen Persoonlijke ervaringen KOC Algra, G.E. Het eerste veteranencaf‚ van Nederland: oud-vlieger Guus Kiel was uitbater van De Vliegende Hollander / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 1, p. 36-38. Veteranencaf‚s Veteranen Lotgenotencontact Wanneer je Guus Kiel (93) erop aanspreekt, begint hij en beetje meewarig te lachen. Het was niet echt als veteranencaf‚ bedoeld en zeker niet als het eerste van Nederland. Dat het daar achteraf gezien wel op neerkwam, is voor hem eerder een bijkomstigheid. Het idee van Kiel kwam eigenlijk voort uit wat hij in de jaren dertig gezien had in Parijs. Daar bestond een bar waar alle beroemde vliegers bij elkaar kwamen. Kiel wilde dat ook in Nederland realiseren. De aanleiding tot het oprichten van de bar was minder plezierig: de Duitse inval in Nederland in 1940. "De hele vliegerij lag daardoor op haar gat." KOC Algra, G.E. 'Er zitten stenen in de soep!': voedselvoorziening van de soldaat cruciaal op het slagveld / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 7 (2006), no. 10, p. 14-16. Voedsel Militairen Veteranen Geschiedenis KOC Algra, G.E. Geestelijke verzorging: een moeilijke spagaat / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 3, p. 14-15. Geestelijke verzorging Veteranen Hulpverlening Geschiedenis "De ontvangst der Veldpredikers in hun legergemeente is, een uitzondering daargelaten, voortreffelijk geweest. Aan medewerking van de zijde van de Commandanten heeft het niet ontbroken en algemeen werd gewaardeerd het vele werk dat zij gedaan hebben, vooral toen de toestanden al spannender werden en de gevaren voor oorlog groeiden." Aldus dr. W.G. Harrenstein, hoofd leger- en vlootpredikant, in het nawoord van het in augustus 1940 verschenen boekje Ons werk aan de Grebbe. Het boekje handelt over de belevenissen van de reserve-veldpredikers Van Exel en Gerritsen voor, tijdens en na de strijd om de Grebbeberg. KOC

54

Algra, G.E. 'Had je niet onder kunnen duiken?': Jan Blinkhof gaf gehoor aan verplichte oproep Nederlandse Arbeidersdienst / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 6 (2005), no. 9, p. 46-47. Arbeidsinzet Veteranen Persoonlijke ervaringen KOC Algra, G.E. Heldendom en soldaten tragiek: veteranen dragen steeds meer bij aan de totstandkoming van oorlogsfilms / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 6 (2005), no. 10, p. 10-14. Oorlogsfilms Veteranen Geschiedenis KOC Algra, G.E. Herdenken of eren: de onlosmakelijke band tussen veteranen en de gevallenen / G.E. Algra. In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 28 (2005), no. 6, p. 30-33. Herdenkingen Militairen Veteranen Geschiedenis Hoe en wanneer gevallen militairen herdacht worden, is bijna altijd de uitkomst van een complexe historische, politieke en nationale ontwikkeling. Zonder discussie gaat het vrijwel nooit. KOC Algra, G.E. The media and the public image of Dutch veterans from World War Two to Srebrenica / G.E. Algra, M. Elands and J.R. Schoeman. In: Armed Forces & Society = ISSN 0095-327x: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3, p. 396-413. Publieke opinie Media Veteranen Nederland This article contends that the Dutch news media create "types" in their journalistic portrayal of Dutch veterans. Generations of Dutch veterans have been a popular subject for journalists in Holland. It appears that the Dutch media have focused on failures and misconduct rather than the sacrifices of veterans. The authors will show that this negative impression is incorrect. The authors' survey of reports in the media served as the basis of this article. Particular attention is paid to Srebrenica and its negative impact on the Dutch military and veterans. The authors discuss the results of opinion polls conducted in 2005. It is argued that in the "run-up" to Srebrenica, the definition of the situation was a matter of political and media conflict in which opinion was prioritized over fact. The article concludes with comments about the media imagery of Dutch veterans and some comparisons with American Vietnam veterans. KOC

55

Algra, G.E. 'Nederlanders hebben fantastisch werk verricht': Australische ambassadeur Stephen Brady vol lof over veteranen van WO II / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 7 (2006), no. 1, p. 22-23. Tweede Wereldoorlog Veteranen Nederland Australië KOC Algra, G.E. 'Niet zo indrukwekkend, wel plichtsgetrouw': Johannes Eekels over zijn militaire carrière tijdens WO II / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 4, p. 14-16. Tweede Wereldoorlog Grebbeberg Veteranen Persoonlijke ervaringen "We stoven ons bed uit, schoten ons uniform aan en zagen de lucht vol met vliegtuigen." Aan het woord is Johannes Eekels. Hij diende als een van die honderdduizenden Nederlandse militairen die op de vroege ochtend van de tiende mei 1940 werden gewekt. De dreiging van oorlog hing al langer in de lucht en om drie uur 's nachts werden ze door hun officieren gewekt met de mededeling dat vijandelijke Duitse troepen de Nederlandse grens waren gepasseerd. KOC Algra, G.E. 'Onpartijdig werken is een illusie': Vik Franke filmde commando's in Uruzgan/ G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 5, p. 10-11. Media Documentaires Militairen Afghanistan Hij maakte al naam met de door hem geproduceerde documentaire Smile and Wave, over de inzet van Nederlandse militairen in Afghanistan. Eind vorig jaar raakte hij in opspraak naar aanleiding van zijn documentaire 09:11 ZULU, over het werk van de commando's in Uruzgan, nadat bekend werd dat hij zich bij een hinderlaag genoodzaakt zag ook zelf naar de wapens te grijpen en met de commando's mee te schieten. De documentaire leidde vervolgens tot nogal wat ophef, niet alleen vanwege het 'schietincident', maar ook vanwege de acht Kamervragen die naar aanleiding van de uitzending op tv werden gesteld. De man achter deze documentaires heet Vik Franke. Checkpoint sprak met hem. KOC Algra, G.E. 'De praktijk van het slagveld is anders': ooggetuige en veteraan Jagtenberg weerspreekt onderzoek mei 1940 / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 6 (2005), no. 5, p. 16-18. Tweede Wereldoorlog Grebbeberg Veteranen Persoonlijke ervaringen In het vorige nummer van Checkpoint stond de redactie stil bij het nieuwe boek van prof. dr. Herman Amersfoort (Instituut voor Militaire Geschiedenis). De studie is getiteld Ik had mijn roode-kruis band afgedaan en handelt over de toepassing van het oorlogsrecht door 56

Duitse en Nederlandse militairen in de meidagen van 1940. Belangrijkste conclusie uit het boek dat ondertussen gemakshalve De Armband is gaan heten: beide partijen streefden naar naleving van het oorlogsrecht, wat niet wegneemt dat vooral in de hitte van het gevecht incidenteel wel schendingen voorkwamen. Aan beide kanten overigens. KOC Algra, G.E. Het verloren leven, de wanhoop bij het overleven / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 2, p. 10-12. Verlies Verwerkingsproces Veteranen Literatuurgeschiedenis Verlies en omgaan met verlies lijkt onomkeerbaar deel uit te maken van het leven van veteranen. Het kan ook bijna niet anders. De verschrikkingen dwingen mensen nu eenmaal na te denken over existentiële vraagstukken. Veldmaarschalk Wellington wist dit na zijn overwinning op Napoleon bij Waterloo in 1815 treffend te formuleren. Terwijl hij in de avond over de velden met de duizenden lijken staarde, sprak hij de beroemd geworden woorden: "Nothing except a battle lost can be half as melancholy as a battle won." KOC Algra, G.E. 'Zitten er dan nog Nederlanders daar?': EUFOR: een nieuwe vergeten missie / G.E. Algra. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 6 (2005), no. 2, p. 40-43. Vredesoperaties Voormalig Joegoslavië Reisverslagen KOC Algra, G. Tussen Smalhout en Hemelrijk: de beeldvorming van veteranen in de media / G. Algra. In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 30 (2007), no. 6, p. 49-51. Beeldvorming Veteranen Media Veteranen hebben niet te klagen over media-aandacht. Dat daarbij de toonzetting van de artikelen nogal varieert, wordt duidelijk uit een inventarisatie van krantenartikelen die tussen 2000 en 2004 werden gepubliceerd. Hieruit wordt ook duidelijk dat de beeldvorming van veteranen in de media sinds 1985 een flinke verandering heeft doorgemaakt. KOC Ambaum, J.M. Geestelijke gezondheidszorg bij uitzending / J.M. Ambaum. In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 30 (2007), no. 6, p. 9-13. Geestelijke gezondheidszorg Nazorg Militairen Thuisfront Beleid Is uitzending is een reden tot zorg? In zekere zin wel, want we weten dat onze militairen in mentaal opzicht op velerlei manieren uitgedaagd worden. Doorgaans gaat dat goed en bij bepaalde groep mensen leidt dat tot (psychische) klachten. Hoe is de zorg geregeld? Aan welke criteria wordt de kwaliteit ervan afgemeten? En wat zijn de ervaringen? 57

KOC Barnes, V.A. Perceived stress, heart rate, and blood pressure among adolescents with family members deployed in Operation Iraqi Freedom / V.A. Barnes, H. Davids and F.A. Treiber. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 1, p. 40-43. Gezondheid Militairen Gezinnen Irak Diagnostiek This study compared the impact of the 2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) and self-reported stress levels among three groups of selfcategorized adolescents: (1) military dependents with family members deployed; (2) military dependents with no family members deployed; (3) civilian dependents. At the onset and end of the "major hostilities" of Operation Iraqi Freedom, 121 adolescents (mean age = 15.8 +/- 1.1 years) completed questionnaires evaluating the psychological impact of the war and were evaluated for HR and BP. The military deployed dependents exhibited significantly higher HR than other groups at both evaluations (both p < 0.04). Ethnicity by group interactions indicated that European American-deployed dependents had higher stress scores at both time points (p < 0.02). Military dependent European Americans exhibited higher systolic BP compared to the other groups on the second evaluation (p < 0.03). KOC Barrash, J. Credibility of neuropsychological performances of Persian Gulf War veterans and military control subjects participating in clinical epidemiological research / J. Barrash[et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 7, p. 697-707. PTSD Golfoorlog-veteranen Neuropsychologie Diagnostiek We investigated whether Persian Gulf War veterans (GWVs) were more likely than Persian Gulf War-era veterans deployed elsewhere (GEVs) to have noncredible neuropsychological examinations. A total of 301 GWVs and 99 GEVs underwent neuropsychological testing. The credibility of 173 examinations showing impairment was evaluated based on test performances, clinical background, psychometric measures, and other self-report data. All 11 examinations judged less than fully credible by one neuropsychologist, plus 19 examinations judged impaired but credible, were then evaluated independently by two more neuropsychologists. Noncredibility was judged with excellent reliability (93% agreement). Seven examinations were judged noncredible. Rates of noncredibility did not differ between GWVs (1%) and GEVs (4%). The pattern of associations of noncredible examinations with cognitive, psychological, and clinical variables generally indicated defective neuropsychological scores, with no coherent pattern, and personality disorder. Findings supported the validity of noncredibility judgments and suggested that noncredible examinations are not a significant problem in neuropsychological investigations of GWVs. KOC Batzer, W.B. Cohesion, burnout, and past trauma in tri-service medical and support personnel / W.B. Batzer [et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 3, p. 266-272. 58

PTSD Burnout Groepscohesie Medisch personeel Militairen Diagnostiek Past research suggests that the negative consequences related to exposure to traumatic events and injury may impact cohesive work relationships. Additionally, trauma and low cohesive relationships independently predict poorer psychological and physical health in service members. The objective of the present study was to examine the interrelationships between exposure to traumatic events, burnout, and cohesion among tri-service medical and support staff. Surveys were administered to 253 U.S. Army, Army Reserve Units, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Navy personnel upon arrival in Hawaii for participation in a stressful, 2-week training exercise. Results showed that history of trauma was correlated with poorer view of officers and higher levels on two components of burnout. We discuss how findings can apply to prevention and early intervention efforts. KOC Bijlevelt, W. van Publieksopinie Nederlandse Veteranendag 2007. - Den Haag : Gedragswetenschappen, 2007. - 10 p. : tab. ; 30 cm GW-rapport 07-108. Publieke opinie Veteranendag Defensie Maatschappelijke erkenning s8.2 BIJL KOC Britt, T.W. The stigma of mental health problems in the military / T.W. Britt, T.M. Greene-Shortridge and C.A. Castro. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 2, p. 157-161. Geestelijke gezondheid Militairen Hulpverlening The present review addresses the perceived stigma associated with admitting a mental health problem and seeking help for that problem in the military. Evidence regarding the public stigma associated with mental disorders is reviewed, indicating that the public generally holds negative stereotypes toward individuals with psychological problems, leading to potential discrimination toward these individuals. The internalization of these negative beliefs results in self-stigma, leading to reduced self-esteem and motivation to seek help. Even if soldiers form an intention to seek help for their psychological difficulty, barriers to mental health care may prevent the soldier from receiving the help they need. An overall model is proposed to illustrate how the stigma associated with psychological problems can prevent soldiers getting needed help for psychological difficulties and proposed interventions for reducing stigma in a civilian context are considered for military personnel. KOC Camacho, Paul R. A review of the literature on veterans published in Armed Forces & Society, 1974-2006 / Paul R. Camacho and Paul L. Atwood. In: Armed Forces & Society = ISSN 0095-327x: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3, p. 351-381. 59

Veteranen Sociologie Overzichtsartikelen The article presented here is a review of the twenty-four articles, research notes, or book reviews pertaining to veterans that have appeared in our journal since its inception in 1974. For the purposes of discussion, the articles are divided into a thematic scheme. Following each thematic section, the authors pose a number of potential research projects that, in their opinion, would advance research on veterans' issues and may be of interest to our members. KOC Camacho, Paul R. A sociological view of the Vietnam veterans' lobby / Paul R. Camacho and Paul Sutton. In: Armed Forces & Society = ISSN 0095-327x: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3, p. 316-336. Politiek Veteranen Sociologie A synopsis of the state of affairs of the Vietnam veterans lobby illustrates that veterans' interest-group activity is filled with conflict. First, we acknowledge the efforts of the veterans' community before Vietnam. Second, we summarize the activism that developed during the Vietnam decade, noting the conflict between the World War II/Korea veterans and the Vietnam "Homecomers."1 That clash provided the rationale for two bureaucratic "wars" over control of veterans' policy, programs, budgets, and the client base of Vietnam and Vietnam-era veterans: one involving the (then) Veterans Administration (VA) and Health, Education, and Welfare over veterans' educational programs, the other involving the VA and Department of Labor over veteran outreach centers. We summarize two salient issues: Agent Orange and small-business opportunities. Finally, we illustrate that the difficulties confronted by the Vietnam generation also confront the Gulf War/Afghanistan and Iraq veterans. We conclude with comments about the possible future of the veterans as an interest group and the Department of Veterans Affairs. KOC Camacho, Paul R. Veterans and veteran's issues / Paul R. Camacho. In: Armed Forces & Society = ISSN 0095-327x: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3, p. 313-315. Veteranen Beleid KOC Ćatić, Nihad Nino Ljudi beznada / Nihad Nino Ćatić. - Oud-Beijerland : Stichting Onderlinge Steun Bewoners van Bosnië-Herzegovina, 2005. - 54 p. ; 17 cm Burgeroorlog Voormalig Joegeoslavië Srebrenica Poëzie s5.5 CAT KOC Ćatić, Nihad Nino Mensen van de wanhoop / Nihad Nino Ćatić ; [samenst. Džemil Vejzović ; vert. uit het Servo-Kroatisch: Džemil Vejzović ... et al.]. - Oud-Beijerland : Stichting Onderlinge Steun Bewoners van Bosnië-Herzegovina, 2005. - 55 p. ; 17 cm Burgeroorlog 60

Voormalig Joegeoslavië Srebrenica Poëzie s5.5 CAT KOC Chen, J.H. Receipt of disability through an outreach program for homeless veterans / J.H. Chen[et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 5, p. 461-465. Veteranen Thuislozen Hulpverlening Receipt of public support payments is associated with beneficial outcomes for homeless people with mental illness. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with receipt of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) pension and compensation benefits among homeless veterans after their initial contact with the VA national homeless outreach program. We examined data for 5731 veterans who were contacted by the program during the first 3 months of fiscal year 2003 and who were not receiving VA benefits, and we documented their benefit status over a minimum of 18 months. A limited number of veterans (15%) were subsequently awarded benefits; they were more likely to have reported recent use of VA services and a greater number of medical and psychiatric problems at the time of outreach. Findings suggest that VA benefit outreach efforts may gain from increased focus on those most vulnerable and most on the outskirts of the VA system. KOC Contact Contact Oud-Mariniers, 1950-1990 / [samenst.: J.A. Buijse ... et al.]. - Rotterdam : Vereniging Contact Oud Mariniers, 1990 (Kruiningen : Van der Peyl). - 92 p. : foto's. ; 26 cm Militairen Veteranen Mariniers Lotgenotencontact s5 CON KOC Dekel, R. Posttraumatic distress and growth among wives of prisoners of war: the contribution of husbands' posttraumatic stress disorder and wives' own attachments / R. Dekel[et al.]. In: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry = ISSN 0002-9432: vol. 77 (2007), no. 3, p. 419426. PTSD Krijgsgevangenen Partners Israël This study examined distress and growth among wives of former combat veterans and prisoners of war (POWs), and the contribution of their husband's posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the wives' own attachment style to these outcomes. Two groups of wives participated in the study: 87 wives of former POWS, and 74 wives of control veterans. The wives of POWs reported significantly higher levels of distress and growth than did the wives of the controls. Husbands' PTSD symptomatology, as well as higher 61

levels of avoidance and anxiety dimensions of attachment, contributed positively to distress and to growth. Further studies on the unique predictors of growth are needed. KOC Dileo, J.F. Olfactory identification dysfunction, aggression and impulsivity in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder / J.F. Dileo[et al.]. In: Psychological Medicine = ISSN 0033 2917: (2007), no. oct, p. 1-9. PTSD Veteranen Agressie Neurobiologie Diagnostiek BACKGROUND: Due to neuropsychological conceptualizations of orbitoprefrontal cortex (OFC) dysfunction underpinning impulsive aggression and the incidence of such behaviour in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study aimed to explore olfactory identification (OI) ability in war veterans with PTSD as a probe of putative OFC dysfunction; and to explore the utility of OI ability in predicting aggressive and impulsive behavior in this clinical population. Method Participants comprised 31 out-patient male war veterans with PTSD (mean=58.23 years, s.d.=2.56) recruited from a Melbourne Veterans Psychiatry Unit, and 31 healthy age-and gender-matched controls (mean=56.84 years, s.d.=7.24). All participants were assessed on clinical measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and alcohol misuse; olfactory identification; neurocognitive measures of dorsolateral prefrontal, lateral prefrontal and mesial temporal functioning; and self-report measures of aggression and impulsivity. RESULTS: War veterans with PTSD exhibited significant OI deficits (OIDs) compared to controls, despite uncompromised performance on cognitive measures. OIDs remained after covaring for IQ, anxiety, depression and alcohol misuse, and were significant predictors of aggression and impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to emerging evidence of orbitoprefrontal dysfunction in the pathophysiology underlying PTSD. This is the first study to report OIDs as a predictor of aggression and impulsivity in this clinical population. It prompts further exploration of the potential diagnostic utility of OIDs in the assessment of PTSD. Such measures may help delineate the clinical complexity of PTSD, and support more targeted interventions for individuals with a greater susceptibility to aggressive and impulsive behaviors. KOC Engel, A.G. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan and mental health problems / A.G. Engel and C.A. Aquilino. In: New England Journal of Medicine = ISSN 0028-4793: vol. 351 (2004), no. 17, p. 17981780. Geestelijke gezondheid Miltairen Irak Afghanistan Diagnostiek Comment on: C.W. Hoge [et al.], Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care, in: New England Journal of Medicine, 351 (2004), 1, 13-22 KOC

62

Engel, C.C. Managing future Gulf War Syndromes: international lessons and new models of care / C. C. Engel, K.C. Hyams and K. Scott. In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society London. Series B Biological sciences = ISSN 0962-8436: vol. 361 (2006), p. 707-720. Golfoorlogsyndroom Veteranen Hulpverlening Onderzoek Beleid After the 1991 Gulf War, veterans of the conflict from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and other nations described chronic idiopathic symptoms that became popularly known as 'Gulf War Syndrome'. Nearly 15 years later, some 250 million dollars in United States medical research has failed to confirm a novel war-related syndrome and controversy over the existence and causes of idiopathic physical symptoms has persisted. Wartime exposures implicated as possible causes of subsequent symptoms include oil well fire smoke, infectious diseases, vaccines, chemical and biological warfare agents, depleted uranium munitions and post-traumatic stress disorder. Recent historical analyses have identified controversial idiopathic symptom syndromes associated with nearly every modern war, suggesting that war typically sets into motion interrelated physical, emotional and fiscal consequences for veterans and for society. We anticipate future controversial war syndromes and maintain that a population-based approach to care can mitigate their impact. This paper delineates essential features of the model, describes its public health and scientific underpinnings and details how several countries are trying to implement it. With troops returning from combat in Afghanistan, Iraq and elsewhere, the model is already getting put to the test. KOC Erbes, C. Post-traumatic stress disorder and service utilization in a sample of service members from Iraq and Afghanistan / C. Erbes. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 4, p. 359-363. PTSD Militairen Irak Afghanistan Diagnostiek OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, alcohol abuse, quality of life, and mental health service utilization among returnees from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. METHODS: One hundred twenty returnees, enrolled for health care at a midwestern Veterans Affairs medical center, completed questionnaires approximately 6 months after their return from deployment. RESULTS: PTSD levels (12%) were consistent with previous research while problematic drinking levels were also elevated (33%). PTSD and, to a lesser degree, alcohol abuse were associated with lower quality of life in multiple domains, even when controlling for the influence of depression. Of those screening positive for PTSD, 56% reported using mental health services. Only 18% of those screening positive for alcohol abuse reported using such services. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD and alcohol problems are prevalent in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom returnees and associated with lower quality of life. Mental health service utilization is limited, even among returnees enrolled for Veterans Affairs health care. KOC

63

Fiellin, D.A. Mental health problems after deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan / D.A.. Fiellin, A. Saxon and J.A. Renner Jr.. In: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) = ISSN 0098-7484: vol. 296 (2006), no. 5, p. 515. Geestelijke gezondheid Militairen Irak Afghanistan Diagnostiek Comment on C.W. Hoge, J.L. Auchterlonie en C.S. Milliken, Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan, in: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 295 (2006), 9, 1023-1032. KOC Forman-Hoffman, V.L. Chronic widespread pain in veterans of the First Gulf War: impact of deployment status and associated health effects / V.L. Forman-Hoffman [et al.]. In: The Journal of Pain = ISSN 1526-5900: vol. j2007 (2007), no. aug. Gezondheid Pijn Golfoorlog-veteranen Our study sought to 1) determine if deployment status is associated with chronic widespread pain (CWP), and 2) evaluate whether veterans with CWP have greater psychiatric comorbidity, higher health care utilization, and poorer health status than veterans without CWP. Five years after the conclusion of the first Gulf War (August 1990 to June 1991), we conducted a cross-sectional study of veterans who listed Iowa as the home of record using a stratified sampling design to determine their health status. We compared the prevalence of CWP between deployed and nondeployed veterans. Logistic and multiple linear regression models were constructed to test whether CWP was associated with comorbidities and health-related outcomes of interest. Five hundred ninety of 3695 veterans interviewed (16%) had CWP. Gulf deployment was associated with higher prevalence of CWP than deployment elsewhere (OR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.60-2.58), after adjustment. Both deployed and nondeployed veterans with CWP reported more health care utilization and comorbidities and lower health-related quality of life scores than veterans without CWP. Deployed veterans were more likely to have CWP than nondeployed veterans, and CWP was associated with poor health outcomes. Military and medical personnel should be aware that efforts to prevent, identify, and treat CWP in veterans returning from the current war may be needed. PERSPECTIVE: This article indicates that deployed veterans may have an increased risk for development of CWP, which is associated with greater healthcare utilization and comorbidity and lower quality of life. The risk of poor health outcomes suggests that veterans returning from the present conflict should be screened for CWP on their return. KOC Friedman, M.J. Acknowledging the psychiatric cost of war / M.J. Friedman. In: New England Journal of Medicine = ISSN 0028-4793: vol. 351 (2004), no. 1, p. 75-77. Geestelijke gezondheid Miltairen Irak Afghanistan Diagnostiek 64

Comment on: C.W. Hoge [et al.], Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care, in: New England Journal of Medicine, 351 (2004), 1, 13-22 KOC Friedman, M.J. Veterans' mental health in the wake of war / M.J. Friedman. In: New England Journal of Medicine = ISSN 0028-4793: vol. 352 (2005), no. 13, p. 12871290. Geestelijke gezondheid Veteranen Hulpverlening KOC Frueh, B. Christopher Age differences in posttraumatic stress disorder, psychiatric disorders, and healthcare service use among veterans in veterans affairs primary care clinics / B. Christopher Frueh, Anouk L. Grubaugh, Ron Acierno, Jon D. Elhai, Gregory Cain and Kathryn M. Magruder. In: American journal of geriatric psychiatry = ISSN 1064-7481: vol. 15 (2007), no. 8 (August), p. 660-672. Veteranen Krijgsgevangenen Ouderen PTSD Geriatrie Behandeling Geestelijke gezondheidszorg Effectiviteit Onderzoek Verenigde Staten A cross-sectional, epidemiological design (N = 745) incorporating self-report measures, structured interviews, and chart reviews was used to obtain relevant information for analyses. The oldest group of veterans (?65 years; N = 318) had lower prevalence of most psychiatric diagnoses than the youngest (18-44 years; N = 69) and middle-aged (45-64 years; N = 358) groups. Despite having higher rates of combat exposure, veterans in the oldest group (6.3%) had one-third the prevalence of PTSD than those in the middle-aged group (18.6%). A similar pattern was found across other psychiatric diagnoses. For example, those in the oldest group (7.5%) had one-third the prevalence of major depression as those in the two younger groups (21.7% and 22.9%). These differences were maintained after controlling for relevant demographic covariates (race, sex). Results from examination of VA health care service use across the three groups were consistent with the findings that the oldest veteran group is functioning significantly better across mental health domains. Elderly veterans who use VA primary care services evidence lower rates of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders, and they use significantly less VA mental health services. They also do not appear to show evidence of worse physical health functioning or use VA health care services or disability benefits at a meaningfully higher rate than their younger counterparts. Geuze, E. Neural correlates of associative learning and memory in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder / E. Geuze[et al.]. In: Journal of Psychiatry Research = ISSN 0022-3956: (2007), no. aug. PTSD Geheugen Veteranen 65

Neurobiologie Impaired attention and memory are symptoms frequently associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although patients with PTSD frequently report memory difficulties and empirical research provides support for a memory deficit in PTSD, as of yet, no fMRI study has adequately investigated the neural correlates of learning and memory of neutral (i.e. not trauma related) material in patients with PTSD compared to controls. Twelve male veterans with PTSD, and twelve male veterans without PTSD, were recruited, and matched for age, region and year of deployment. Encoding and retrieval of 12 word-pair associates was assessed during fMRI in both experimental groups. Compared to controls veterans with PTSD revealed underactivation of the frontal cortex, and overactivation of the temporal cortex during the encoding phase. Retrieval of the paired associates resulted in underactivation of right frontal cortex, bilateral middle temporal gyri, and the left posterior hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus in patients with PTSD. Deficits in memory performance in PTSD appear to be related to altered activity in fronto-temporal areas during both the encoding and retrieval phase of memory processing. KOC Gould, Matthew Stigma and the military : evaluation of a PTSD psychoeducational program / Matthew Gould, Neil Greenberg and Jacquie Hetherton. In: Journal of traumatic stress = ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 20 (2007), no. 4 (August), p. 505515. Militairen PTSD Risico-factoren Vroegtijdige interventies Behandeling Hulpzoekgedrag Onderzoek Engeland Trauma risk management (TRiM) is an intensive posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) psychoeducational management strategy based on peer-group risk assessment developed by the UK Royal Navy (RN). TRiM seeks to modify attitudes about PTSD, stress, and help-seeking and trains military personnel to identify at-risk individuals and refer them for early intervention. This quasiexperimental study found that TRiM training significantly improved attitudes about PTSD, stress, and help-seeking from TRiM-trained personnel. There was a nonsignificant effect on attitudes to seeking help from normal military support networks and on general health. Within both the military and civilian populations, stigma is a serious issue preventing help-seeking and reducing quality of life. The results suggest that TRiM is a promising antistigma program within organizational settings. Graaff, B.G.J. de Enclaves van leed en werkelijkheid : wiens trauma is 'Srebrenica' eigenlijk? / B.G.J. de Graaff. In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden = ISSN 0165-0505: vol. 121 (2007/1), p. 42-54. Srebrenica Dutchbat Veteranen Beeldvorming Publieke opinie Politiek Verwerkingsproces 66

Bespreking van een aantal publicaties dat is uitgekomen in Nederland tien jaar na de val van Srebrenica. De auteur analyseert deze werken naar de mate van emotionele en politieke verwerking en beeldvorming van deze gebeurtenis. Granjo, Paulo The Homecomer: postwar cleansing rituals in Mozambique / Paulo Granjo. In: Armed Forces & Society = ISSN 0095-327x: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3, p. 382-395. Rituelen Veteranen Verwerkingsproces Mozambique Unlike in most wars involving Western countries, when veterans from Mozambican civil war began to return home, the first concern of communities was to make them confront their traumatic experiences and guilt. This was done through cleansing rituals, which were and are based on the local exegesis about misfortune. They allow, simultaneously, the confinement of past war actions as an exceptional situation and expurgate the individual veteran from being in danger and being considered a danger to the community. It allows him to be proclaimed a new man, entitled to a fresh start inside the community. In addition to its importance for the individual reintegration of veterans, the generalized performance of such rituals also played and plays an important role in allowing the community members to accept previous enemies/veterans as "people like the others". KOC Greenberg, G.A. Compensation of veterans with psychiatric or substance abuse disorders and employment and earnings / G.A. Greenberg and R.A. Rosenheck. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 2, p. 162-168. Gezondheidszorg Uitkeringen Veteranen Werk en inkomen Using a national sample of veterans, we examined the relationship between disability income and employment, adjusting for health status and other factors. Veterans Affairs disability income payments had no globally detrimental effect on labor force participation, in that the likelihood of employment was reduced only at payment levels of more than $800 per month. Although unearned income from other sources also did not have a substantial negative effect on labor force participation, veterans who received benefits from the Social Security Administration or welfare payments were less likely to be employed, mostly likely because employment earnings above a certain level in some programs may result in the loss of monetary benefits and health insurance. KOC Greenberg, Greg A. Risk of incarceration among male veterans and nonveterans: are veterans of the all volunteer force at greater risk / Greg A. Greenberg, Robert A. Rosenheck and Rani A. Desai. In: Armed Forces & Society = ISSN 0095-327x: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3, p. 337-350. Gevangenissen Veteranen Verenigde Staten In this study, we used data from national surveys of U.S. veterans and nonveterans to investigate whether military service increased risk for incarceration compared to nonveteran peers. White veterans aged thirty-five to fifty-four (early years of the All Volunteer Force and the Vietnam era) were at higher risk for incarceration than white nonveterans. 67

Black and Hispanic veterans of these eras were generally at lower risk of incarceration than age-and race-matched nonveterans. For all racial/ethnic groups, the risk of incarceration among veterans compared to nonveterans declined among those who served in the later years of the implementation of the All Volunteer Force. These findings may reflect the disadvantaged backgrounds of recruits during the early implementation of the All Volunteer Force, from 1973 to 1980, and the improved quality of personnel recruited after 1980. Among all males, the risk of incarceration was not elevated among Vietnam-era and World War II veterans. KOC Gross, R. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan and mental health problems / R. Gross and Y. Neria. In: New England Journal of Medicine = ISSN 0028-4793: vol. 351 (2004), no. 17, p. 17981780. Geestelijke gezondheid Miltairen Irak Afghanistan Diagnostiek Comment on: C.W. Hoge [et al.], Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care, in: New England Journal of Medicine, 351 (2004), 1, 13-22 KOC Henderson, J.J. U.S. Army Social Work Care Manager Program: an initial program analysis / J.J. Henderson. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 5, p. 533-538. Maatschappelijk werk Militairen Hulpverleners Evaluaties Since the Global War on Terror, the U.S. Army has been transforming to meet national security needs. The transformation includes Army mental health programs serving soldiers and their families. These programs must be relevant to the needs of soldiers and their families and effective at maintaining the force throughout the Global War on Terror. The Army Social Work Care Manager Program was initiated in July 2003 to enhance mental health support for combat veterans and their families. This study provides an initial assessment of this program. A seven-item provider questionnaire was administered to 66 care managers (N=66) to obtain an initial assessment of their utilization and satisfaction. Findings from 33 (n=33) respondents revealed diverse usage across and within installations and modest satisfaction with their jobs. Additionally, the biggest challenges care managers faced were resourcing and supervision. Recommendations for additional research, policy, and practice are provided in this study. KOC Herinneren Herinneren en herdenken : oude en jonge veteranen en de verwerking van oorlogservaringen : bijdragen aan het op 13 december 2006 aan de Universiteit van Tilburg gehouden seminar / A.H.M. van Iersel en R.P.F. Bijkerk (red.). - Budel : Damon, 2007. - 63 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. - (Krijgsmacht, zingeving en ethiek ; afl. 1) Herdenkingen Veteranen Verwerkingsproces Schuldgevoelens 68

Persoonlijke ervaringen s8.2 HER KOC Hoge, C.W. Association of posttraumatic stress disorder with somatic symptoms, health care visits, and absenteeism among Iraq war veterans / C.W. Hoge...[et al.]. In: American journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0002-953x: vol. 164 (2007), no. 1, p. 150-153. PTSD Gezondheid Veteranen Irak Diagnostiek OBJECTIVE: Studies of soldiers from prior wars conducted many years after combat have shown associations between combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physical health problems. The current Iraq war has posed a considerable PTSD risk, but the association with physical health has not been well studied. METHOD: The authors studied 2,863 soldiers using standardized self-administered screening instruments 1 year after their return from combat duty in Iraq. RESULTS: Among all participants, 16.6% met screening criteria for PTSD. PTSD was significantly associated with lower ratings of general health, more sick call visits, more missed workdays, more physical symptoms, and high somatic symptom severity. These results remained significant after control for being wounded or injured. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of PTSD and its strong association with physical health problems among Iraq war veterans have important implications for delivery of medical services. The medical burden of PTSD includes physical health problems; combat veterans with serious somatic concerns should be evaluated for PTSD. KOC Hoge, C.W. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care / C.W. Hoge[et al.]. In: New England Journal of Medicine = ISSN 0028-4793: vol. 351 (2004), no. 1, p. 13-22. Geestelijke gezondheid Miltairen Irak Afghanistan Diagnostiek BACKGROUND: The current combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have involved U.S. military personnel in major ground combat and hazardous security duty. Studies are needed to systematically assess the mental health of members of the armed services who have participated in these operations and to inform policy with regard to the optimal delivery of mental health care to returning veterans. METHODS: We studied members of four U.S. combat infantry units (three Army units and one Marine Corps unit) using an anonymous survey that was administered to the subjects either before their deployment to Iraq (n=2530) or three to four months after their return from combat duty in Iraq or Afghanistan (n=3671). The outcomes included major depression, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which were evaluated on the basis of standardized, self-administered screening instruments. RESULTS: Exposure to combat was significantly greater among those who were deployed to Iraq than among those deployed to Afghanistan. The percentage of study subjects whose responses met the screening criteria for major depression, generalized anxiety, or PTSD was significantly higher after duty in Iraq (15.6 to 17.1 percent) than after duty in Afghanistan (11.2 percent) or before deployment to Iraq (9.3 percent); the largest difference was in the rate of PTSD. 69

Of those whose responses were positive for a mental disorder, only 23 to 40 percent sought mental health care. Those whose responses were positive for a mental disorder were twice as likely as those whose responses were negative to report concern about possible stigmatization and other barriers to seeking mental health care. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an initial look at the mental health of members of the Army and the Marine Corps who were involved in combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Our findings indicate that among the study groups there was a significant risk of mental health problems and that the subjects reported important barriers to receiving mental health services, particularly the perception of stigma among those most in need of such care. KOC Hoge, C.W. Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan / C.W. Hoge, J.L. Auchterlonie and C.S. Milliken. In: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) = ISSN 0098-7484: vol. 295 (2006), no. 9, p. 1023-1032. Geestelijke gezondheid Militairen Irak Afghanistan Diagnostiek CONTEXT: The US military has conducted population-level screening for mental health problems among all service members returning from deployment to Afghanistan, Iraq, and other locations. To date, no systematic analysis of this program has been conducted, and studies have not assessed the impact of these deployments on mental health care utilization after deployment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between combat deployment and mental health care use during the first year after return and to assess the lessons learned from the postdeployment mental health screening effort, particularly the correlation between the screening results, actual use of mental health services, and attrition from military service. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Populationbased descriptive study of all Army soldiers and Marines who completed the routine postdeployment health assessment between May 1, 2003, and April 30, 2004, on return from deployment to Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan (n = 16,318), Operation Iraqi Freedom (n = 222,620), and other locations (n = 64,967). Health care utilization and occupational outcomes were measured for 1 year after deployment or until leaving the service if this occurred sooner. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, or other mental health problems; referral for a mental health reason; use of mental health care services after returning from deployment; and attrition from military service. RESULTS: The prevalence of reporting a mental health problem was 19.1% among service members returning from Iraq compared with 11.3% after returning from Afghanistan and 8.5% after returning from other locations (P<.001). Mental health problems reported on the postdeployment assessment were significantly associated with combat experiences, mental health care referral and utilization, and attrition from military service. Thirty-five percent of Iraq war veterans accessed mental health services in the year after returning home; 12% per year were diagnosed with a mental health problem. More than 50% of those referred for a mental health reason were documented to receive follow-up care although less than 10% of all service members who received mental health treatment were referred through the screening program. CONCLUSIONS: Combat duty in Iraq was associated with high utilization of mental health services and attrition from military service after deployment. The deployment mental health screening program provided another indicator of the mental health impact of deployment on a population level but had limited utility in predicting the level of mental health services that were needed after deployment. The high rate of using 70

mental health services among Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans after deployment highlights challenges in ensuring that there are adequate resources to meet the mental health needs of returning veterans. KOC Hout, Wim in't Pastorale zorg voor uitgezonden militairen en veteranen : een algemene beschouwing over diagnostiek en begeleiding / Wim in't Hout. In: Praktische theologie = ISSN 0165-6511: vol. 32 (2005), no. 1, p. 89-98. Vredesmissies Militairen Veteranen Pastorale zorg Geestelijke gezondheidszorg Van welke aard en inhoud zijn de vragen die in de context van het veteranenpastoraat gesteld worden? Wat is kenmerkend voor de pastorale begeleiding van militairen en veteranen die gediend hebben tijdens vredesoperaties en van uitgezonden militairen in oorlogssituaties? Aan de hand van eigen uitzendervaringen en impressies uit de dagelijkse praktijk van het veteranenpastoraat, geeft de auteur een eerste inventariserend antwoord op de bovenstaande vragen. Hij betoogt in dit beschouwende artikel dat pastorale zorg gebaat is bij het tijdig onderkennen van de kernproblemen van deze militairen en veteranen en hun thuisfront. Daarom pleit hij voor een proactieve houding van de pastor ten opzichte van deze doelgroep. Huls-van Zijl, P.M. Evaluatie Nederlandse Veteranendag 29 juni 2007: resultaten van de enquête onder veteranenpashouders / P.M. Huls-van Zijl en C. Harreveld. - Doorn : Veteraneninstituut, 2007. - 49 p. : tab. ; 30 cm Veteranendag Veteranen Evaluatie Enquêtes s8.2 HUL KOC Ismail, K. Chronic fatigue syndrome and related disorders in UK veterans of the Gulf War 19901991: results from a two-phase cohort study / K. Ismail[et al.]. In: Psychological Medicine = ISSN 0033 2917: (2007), no. sept, p. 1-9. Chronische vermoeidheid Onverklaarde lichamelijke klachten Golfoorlog-veteranen Diagnostiek BACKGROUND: The aim was to determine the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia in UK military personnel after the Gulf War 19901991.MethodA two-phase cohort study was used. Three randomly selected subsamples identified from a population-based cross-sectional postal survey of over 10 000 current and ex-service UK military personnel (Gulf veterans were those deployed to the Gulf War 1990-1991; non-Gulf veterans were Bosnia peacekeepers 1992-1997 and those on active duty during the Gulf War 1990-1991 but not deployed) were recruited. Their disability status was assessed using the Short Form 36 physical functioning scale; Gulf veterans who reported physical disability (n=111) were compared with non-Gulf (n=133) veterans who reported similar levels of physical disability. Screening for known medical and psychiatric conditions was conducted to exclude medical explanations for disability and 71

symptomatic distress. Standardised criteria for CFS, chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia were used. RESULTS: Disabled Gulf veterans were more likely to be overweight, have elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase levels and screen positive for hypertension. There were no other clinically significant differences in clinical markers for medically explainable conditions. Disabled Gulf veterans were more likely than similarly disabled Bosnia and Era veterans (adjusted odds ratio 7.8, 95% confidence interval 2.5-24.5) to meet the criteria for CFS. Rates for other medically unexplained conditions were not significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms in keeping with CFS account for a significant part of the symptomatic distress in Gulf veterans. KOC Iversen, A. Gulf war illness: lessons from medically unexplained symptoms / A. Iversen, T. Chalder and S. Wessely. In: Clinical Psychology Review = ISSN 0272-7358: (2007), no. jul. Golfoorlogsyndroom Gezondheid Veteranen Overzichtsartikelen Service in the Persian Gulf in 1991 is associated with increased reporting of symptoms and distress in a proportion of those who served there. Yet despite clear evidence of an increase in symptom burden and a decrease in well being, exhaustive clinical and laboratory based scientific research has failed to document many reproducible biomedical abnormalities in this group. Likewise, there has been no evidence of an increase in disease related mortality. Formal psychiatric disorders are twice as common in Gulf War veterans, as might be expected in the aftermath of any conflict, but this too is insufficient to explain the ill-health observed. Many service personnel who returned unwell believe that they have Gulf War Syndrome, and that their ill-health is due to exposures that they encountered in theatre. Research on multiple exposures to date has not generated a plausible aetiological mechanism for veterans' ill-health. Even if medical research has failed to provide a satisfactory explanation, it remains the case that many of those affected continue to be unwell and disabled some 15 years after returning from combat. For this reason, it is time that more attention is given to developing effective interventions to relieve their ill-health and distress. In this review we discuss the importance of the wider social context, individual illness beliefs and attributions and go on to outline a model of continuing ill-health in Gulf veterans. The review concludes with some suggestions for future research priorities, in particular the need for further qualitative studies to further our understanding of the illness, in order that better treatments may be developed. KOC Kamphuis, W. Dreiging : waar loert het gevaar tijdens vredesoperaties? / W. Kamphuis. In: Militaire spectator = ISSN 0026-3869: vol. 175 (2006), no. 7/8, p. 311-323. Vredesmissies Traumatische ervaringen Frontervaringen Militairen Thuisfront Lange-termijn effecten Onderzoek In dit artikel is op basis van een tiental diepte-interviews met uitgezonden officieren nagegaan wat karakteristieke dreigingen zijn tijdens vredesoperaties, wat hun impact is en wat de kenmerken van deze dreigingen zijn. 72

Kang, H.K. Mental health care needs among recent war veterans / H.K. Kang and K.C. Hyams. In: New England Journal of Medicine = ISSN 0028-4793: vol. 352 (2005), no. 13, p. 1289. Geestelijke gezondheid Veteranen Hulpverlening KOC Katelan, Ana Psychotic symptoms in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder / Ana Katelan [et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 3, p. 273-277. PTSD Psychosen Veteranen Voormalig Joegoslavië Diagnostiek The presence of psychotic symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has already been recognized. Using the Structured Clinical Interview Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, we searched for and assessed psychotic symptoms in 91 males suffering from combat-related PTSD. Hallucinations and delusions were present in 20% of patients. We divided all patients into three groups: the group with hallucinations and delusions, the group without these symptoms, and the group with "subthreshold" psychotic symptoms. Using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, and Structured Clinical Interview Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, we investigated differences between groups in the intensity of traumatization, severity of PTSD symptoms, and the frequency of depression. There were no significant differences between groups; however, there was one exception: severity of hyperarousal symptoms was positively correlated with occurrence of psychotic symptoms. KOC Kato, K. Relationships between the eligibility process, trust in the U.S. health care system, and patient satisfaction with the Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center / K. Kato and K.J. O'Malley. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 8, p. 818-823. Gezondheidszorg Veteranen Hulpverlening OBJECTIVES: This study assessed veteran perceptions of the eligibility process for health care services in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the relationship of those perceptions to trust in the U.S. health care system. The study also examined how veteran perceptions of the eligibility process and trust were related to satisfaction. METHODS: A total of 124 veterans participated in this study, and data were analyzed with a general linear models approach. RESULTS: Three factors constituted the measure of veteran perceptions of the eligibility process, including meeting eligibility expectations, powerlessness, and complexity. The meeting eligibility expectations factor was found to moderate the relationship between trust and satisfaction. The powerlessness factor was found to be associated with satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Veteran perceptions of the eligibility process in the VA influence patient satisfaction. The armed services and the VA might improve veteran perceptions of the eligibility process and subsequent satisfaction by clearly explaining benefits available to veterans, offering education on the eligibility process, and clearly communicating about the eligibility process. KOC 73

Ketchum, N.S. Mortality, length of life, and physical examination attendance in participants of the Air Force Health Study / N.S. Ketchum, J.E. Michalek and M. Pavuk. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 1, p. 53-57. Gezondheid Vietnam-veteranen Herbiciden Diagnostiek Begun in 1982, the Air Force Health Study (AFHS) has assessed the mortality of veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for aerially spraying herbicides in Vietnam. A comparison group of other Air Force veterans involved with aircraft missions in Southeast Asia during the same period, but not involved with spraying herbicides, was included in the study. Among 18,082 veterans, this report examined whether attendance at AFHS physical examinations from 1982 to 1999 played a role in mortality experience and potential lengthening of life relative to veterans who did not attend. The years of potential life lost for 1173 veterans who died before age 65 was calculated. No statistically significant difference in risk of death was found from all causes, cancer, or circulatory disease between attendees and nonattendees. No evidence was found to suggest that attending physical examinations decreased mortality or substantially lengthened life in AFHS participants. KOC Kilshaw, S. On being a Gulf veteran: an anthropological perspective / S. Kilshaw. In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society London. Series B Biological sciences = ISSN 0962-8436: vol. 361 (2006), p. 697-706. Golfoorlogsyndroom Veteranen Antropologie There is no doubt that Gulf service has affected the well-being of some of the members of the UK armed forces who served in that conflict, yet the reason for this remain unclear. At present, the debate surrounding Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) has become stagnant and highly polarized. This paper argues that a new perspective is needed to further improve our understanding of the problem and suggests that the methods and theories of anthropology, with its focus on nuances and subtleties, can provide new insights. Data were generated from 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the UK including participant observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Anthropology provides a unique way of approaching and understanding somatic symptoms and suggests that GWS symptom reporting can be seen as a form of communication. The work focuses on the sufferers' accounts, the symptoms themselves and the context within which we find them in order to better understand what was being expressed and commented upon. Although necessary to contextualize GWS through situating it among other emergent illnesses and widespread health beliefs, this paper shows there is a need to bring back the particular. This work seeks to make sense of the cultural circumstances, specific and general, which gave rise to the illness. KOC Knobler, H.Y. Psychological guidelines for a medical team debriefing after a stressful event / H.Y. Knobler[et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 6, p. 581-585. PTSD Militairen 74

Geneeskundige dienst Behandeling Debriefing Israël Medical and rescue workers are at risk of developing mental syndromes including posttraumatic stress disorder after disasters and it is widely accepted that they should be offered a preventive intervention. The Israel Defense Force Medical Corps has developed psychological guidelines for the medical forces: a medical team debriefing after treating the injured as a preventive intervention for an event that may be experienced as stressful. The main purpose of the debriefing is to investigate the circumstances of the event, analyze the medical team's functioning, and draw the relevant conclusions and the manner of their implementation. The purpose of the guidelines is to enhance mental coping, possibly prevent stress reactions, and help in screening individuals in need of further professional intervention for stress reactions. These guidelines are suitable for similar interventions in other professional teams. KOC Kolkow, T.T. Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in health care providers returning from deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan / T.T. Kolkow [et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 5, p. 451-455. PTSD Depressie Militairen Geneeskundige dienst Irak Afghanistan OBJECTIVE: This study examines risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and mental health care use among health care workers deployed to combat settings. METHODS: Anonymous surveys were administered to previously deployed workers at a military hospital. PTSD and depression were assessed by using the PTSD Checklist and the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale, respectively. Deployment exposures and perceived threats during deployment were also assessed. RESULTS: There were 102 respondents (36% response rate). Nine percent (n=9) met the criteria for PTSD and 5% (n=5) met the criteria for depression. Direct and perceived threats of personal harm were risk factors for PTSD; exposure to wounded or dead patients did not increase risk. Those who met the criteria for PTSD were more likely to seek mental health care after but not before their deployment. CONCLUSIONS: For health care workers returning from a warfare environment, threat of personal harm may be the most predictive factor in determining those with subsequent PTSD. KOC Koorevaar, R. Mijn missie in Kabul: factoren die van invloed zijn op het ervaren van een uitzending / R. Koorevaar. In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 30 (2007), no. 6, p. 24-27. Militairen Afghanistan Persoonlijke ervaringen KOC Lardenoye, Fred Klachten blijven onverklaarbaar : met de 'jungleziekte' van Cambodja-veteranen begon reeks van onderzoeken / Fred Lardenoye. 75

In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 2 (maart), p. 20-21. Vredesmissies Veteranen Psychosomatiek Sinds het eerste onderzoek in 1995 naar de uiteenlopende ziekteverschijnselen onder Cambodja-veteranen, zijn er verscheidene vervolgonderzoeken gedaan en worden de klachten van veteranen algemeen erkend. De oorzaken blijven echter moeilijk tot niet te achterhalen. Lardenoye, Fred Minder Irak-militairen getraumatiseerd : vragenlijsten geven overschatting van het risico op PTSS / Fred Lardenoye. In: De Kareoler = ISSN 0166-3062: vol. 67 (2007), no. 7 (september), p. 6-9. Vredesmissies Irak Irak-veteranen PTSD Methoden en technieken Onderzoek Samenvatting en bespreking van het onderzoek van de Universiteit van Utrecht door Iris Engelhard over PTSS bij veteranen in Irak. Larson, G.E. Mental health problems after deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan / G.E. Larson, S. BoothKewley and R.M. Highfill-McRoy. In: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) = ISSN 0098-7484: vol. 296 (2006), no. 5, p. 514-515. Geestelijke gezondheid Militairen Irak Afghanistan Diagnostiek Comment on C.W. Hoge, J.L. Auchterlonie en C.S. Milliken, Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan, in: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 295 (2006), 9, 1023-1032. KOC Larson, R.J. Risk for increased utilization and adverse health outcomes among men served by the Veterans Health Administration / R.J. Larson and H.G. Welch. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 7, p. 690-696. Gezondheid Veteranen Hulpverlening Using data from a nationally representative survey, we evaluated the prevalence of multiple risk factors known to predict increased health care utilization and adverse health outcomes, comparing U.S. men who rely solely on the Veterans Affairs Health Administration (VA) for health care to men in the general population. Adjusting for age and race, men who only use the VA were significantly more likely to have multiple socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors including current smoking. Their self-reported health status was more often fair or poor and they were more likely to report the presence of multiple chronic diseases ranging from arthritis to previous heart attack to poor mental health. Although the finding that VA-only users are at elevated health risk was anticipated, 76

our study now provides nationally representative estimates of the magnitude of these differences and reinforces the importance of accounting for them when making VA to nonVA comparisons. KOC Litz, Brett T. Research on the impact of military trauma: current status and future directions / Brett T. Litz. In: Military Psychology = ISSN 0899-5605: vol. 19 (2007), no. 3, p. 217-238. Gestelijke gezondheid Militairen Irak Afghanistan Onderzoek Overzichtsartikelen The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have absorbed our attention both as citizens and professionals. A new generation of veterans may be at risk for life course disturbances implicated by exposure to war-zone stressors and adversities. I describe these new conflicts and use this as a backdrop to review the state of the field with respect to military trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder, early intervention, and risk and resilience research. Throughout, I offer recommendations for future research. KOC Maguen, S. Predictors of barriers to mental health treatment for Kosovo and Bosnia peacekeepers: a preliminary report / S. Maguen and B.T. Litz. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 171 (2006), no. 5, p. 454-458. Gestelijke gezondheid Militairen Bosnië Kosovo Hulpverlening In this study, we assessed basic, physical, and mental health needs of peacekeepers; determined barriers to mental health treatment; and examined predictors of barriers to mental health care. Active duty peacekeepers were surveyed before and after their deployment to Kosovo (n = 203) concerning their stress symptoms and attitudes about seeking mental health care after peacekeeping. Sixty-five peacekeepers were evaluated before and after their peacekeeping deployment to Bosnia. Upon returning from their mission, between 5% and 9% of Kosovo and Bosnia peacekeepers reported needing help for anger or hostility, depression, or deployment-related stress. The most frequently endorsed barrier was concern about the personal cost of mental health care. Among Kosovo peacekeepers, pre- and postdeployment post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were the most robust predictors of mental health treatment barriers. Peacekeepers report a number of treatment needs and barriers that could prevent them from receiving care. The soldiers most in need of services are also those who report the most barriers to care. KOC Markowitz, J.D. Post-traumatic stress disorder in an elderly combat veteran: a case report / J.D. Markowitz. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 6, p. 659-662. PTSD Veteranen Vrouwen 77

Casuïstiek In this case report, an elderly combat veteran with a chronic course of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that was untreated for nearly 60 years was evaluated and treated with a combination of medication and graded exposure psychotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on graded exposure in the elderly. The course of treatment lessened the key symptom domains of PTSD. Comorbid depression was also lessened. Although a single case report, it would appear that elderly patients do respond to psychotherapeutic techniques such as graded exposure therapy. Given the large percentage of the elderly population that has witnessed combat and due to the continuing military conflicts that the United States has been involved in over recent decades, treatments for PTSD in an aging population will be necessary. KOC Marshall, A.C. Gulf war depleted uranium risks / A.C. Marshall. In: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology = ISSN 1599-0631: (2007) (feb). Verrijkt uranium Gezondheid Veteranen Golfoorlog US and British forces used depleted uranium (DU) in armor-piercing rounds to disable enemy tanks during the Gulf and Balkan Wars. Uranium particulate is generated by DU shell impact and particulate entrained in air may be inhaled or ingested by troops and nearby civilian populations. As uranium is slightly radioactive and chemically toxic, a number of critics have asserted that DU exposure has resulted in a variety of adverse health effects for exposed veterans and nearby civilian populations. The study described in this paper used mathematical modeling to estimate health risks from exposure to DU during the 1991 Gulf War for both US troops and nearby Iraqi civilians. The analysis found that the risks of DU-induced leukemia or birth defects are far too small to result in an observable increase in these health effects among exposed veterans or Iraqi civilians. The analysis indicated that only a few ( approximately 5) US veterans in vehicles accidentally targeted by US tanks received significant exposure levels, resulting in about a 1.4% lifetime risk of DU radiation-induced fatal cancer (compared with about a 24% risk of a fatal cancer from all other causes). These veterans may have also experienced temporary kidney damage. Iraqi children playing for 500 h in DU-destroyed vehicles are predicted to incur a cancer risk of about 0.4%. In vitro and animal tests suggest the possibility of chemically induced health effects from DU internalization, such as immune system impairment. Further study is needed to determine the applicability of these findings for Gulf War exposure to DU. Veterans and civilians who did not occupy DU-contaminated vehicles are unlikely to have internalized quantities of DU significantly in excess of normal internalization of natural uranium from the environment. KOC Mehlum, L. Positive and negative consequences of serving in a UN peace-keeping mission: a followup study / L. Mehlum. In: International Review of the Armed Forces Medical Services = ISSN 0035-3469: vol. 68 (1995), no. 10-11-12, p. 289-295. Vredesmissies (VN) Noorwegen Militairen Veteranen Psycho-sociale gevolgen 78

A follow-up study conducted on a large and representative sample of the population of individuals having participated in Norwegian contingents from 1978 to 1991 showed that the personnel had been adequately motivated for their service and that they evaluated their service experience very favourably in retrospect. They had experienced considerable amounts of stress of specific types, but comparatively small amounts of the more classical combat trauma. Their health before, during and after the UN-service was generally good. However 5% of the cross-sectional sample showed caseness level on post-traumatic symptom scales. Repatriation, that was particularly common in the early phases of the mission, predicted a more unfavourable outcome on a series of dimensions. 15% of this subsample reached caseness-level on the PTSS, a more than 3 times increased risk compared to controls. An increase in alcohol consumption was very common for all groups, and a substantial number was unable to revert to a lower consumption level upon return to Norway. The total mortality was in fact lower than compared to a similar cohort in the civil population, but accident and suicide deaths were more common. Although the main impression from the study is that the vast majority of personnel cope relatively favourably with the challenges of their UN peace-keeping service, not all do and more work has to invested in preventative efforts directed at minimizing the number of affected persons. Based upon results from the present study a number of initiatives have been taken in the Norwegian Armed Forces aimed at reducing the personnel's risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorders, other health damages and to prevent suicide. KOC Meulen, J.S. van der Kwetsbaar draagvlak: de publieke opinie over Uruzgan / J.S. van der Meulen en A. Vos. In: Carr‚ = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 30 (2007), no. 6, p. 21-23. Publieke opinie Defensie Afghanistan KOC Michel, P. Suicide rate among former Swedish peacekeeping personnel / P. Michel, T. Lundin and G. Larsson. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 3, p. 278-282. Zelfmoord Vredesmissies (VN) Veteranen Zweden Increased suicide rates for military personnel suffering from post-traumatic stress disorders have been reported in various countries. Although it is known that some peacekeepers are exposed to potentially traumatic events and are thus at risk of suffering from post-traumatic stress reactions, only a few studies have examined suicide rates in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the suicide rate among former Swedish peacekeeping personnel. We compared 39,768 former Swedish peacekeepers to the general population in the National General Population Registry and the Cause-of-Death Registry. A lower number of suicides was found among former Swedish peacekeepers than in the general population. In conclusion, Swedish personnel serving in international peace-keeping operations do not show a higher suicide rate than the general population. Unique problems associated with this research area are discussed. KOC

79

Miller, G. Mental health: widening the attack on combat-related mental health problems / G. Miller. In: Science = ISSN 0036-8075: vol. 313 (2006), no. 5789, p. 908-909. Geestelijke gezondheid Militairen Hulpverlening KOC Mouthaan, Joanne Band of brothers in U.N. peacekeeping : social bonding among Dutch peacekeeping veterans / Joanne Mouthaan, Martin C. Eeuwema and Jos M.P. Weerts. In: Military psychology = ISSN 0899-5605: vol. 17 (2005), no. 2, p. 101-114. Veteranen Militairen Vredesmissies (VN) Sociale band Nederland KOC Nacasch, N. Prolonged exposure therapy for chronic combat-related PTSD: a case report of five veterans / N. Nacasch[et al.]. In: CNS spectrums = ISSN 1092-8529: vol. 12 (2007), no. 9, p. 690-695. PTSD Veteranen Behandeling Exposure therapie Casuïstiek Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy has been found efficient in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mostly among rape victims, but has not been explored in combat-related PTSD. Five patients with severe chronic PTSD, unresponsive to previous treatment (medication and supportive therapy) are described. Patients were evaluated with the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview, and Beck Depression Inventory, before and after 10-15 sessions of PE therapy. All five patients showed marked improvement with PE, with a mean decrease of 48% in PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview score and 69% in Beck Depression Inventory score. Moreover, four patients maintained treatment gains or kept improving 6-18 months after the treatment. The results suggest that PE was effective in reducing combat-related chronic PTSD symptoms. KOC Nachshoni, T. Reactivation of combat stress after a family member's enlistment / T. Nachshoni and Y. Singer. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 171 (2006), no. 12, p. 1211-1214. PTSD Herbeleving Militairen Gezinnen Casuïstiek Israël Reactivation of traumatic stress syndromes classically occurs in individuals who have recovered from acute stress reactions or from post-traumatic stress disorder. Triggers of traumatic reactivation may resemble the circumstances of the original trauma or may be less specific, connected to life events such as illness or retirement. In Israel, because of 80

the continuous reminders of combat, reactivation of combat stress has been studied closely. A family member's enlistment is a potential trigger for reactivation. This article explores the general meaning of enlistment for family members, and the reactivation that may accompany that enlistment, through the examination of two cases. KOC Neria, Y. Posttraumatic residues of captivity: a follow-up of Israeli ex-prisoners of war / 3000[et al.]. In: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry = ISSN 0160-6689: vol. 61 (2000), no. 1, p. 39-46. PTSD Krijgsgevangenen Israël Diagnostiek BACKGROUND: This article examines the long-term impact of wartime captivity. METHOD: One hundred sixty-four prisoners of war (POWs) and 189 matched combatants of the 1973 Yom Kippur War filled out a series of questionnaires that assessed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), general psychiatric symptomatology, and social functioning according to DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: Almost 2 decades after the war, ex-POWs exhibited higher rates and greater intensity of posttraumatic stress reactions, more general psychiatric symptomatology, and more severe problems in functioning at home, at work, and in the military than did the control group (Israeli veterans who were not POWs). They were also more likely to obtain official disability recognition and to seek psychological help. Their recovery was slower and professional help less effective. In addition, the veterans with PTSD in both groups had high rates of comorbid general psychiatric symptomatology. CONCLUSION: These findings point to the depth, range, and persistence of the stress residuals of wartime captivity. KOC Nikolova, R. Psychophysiological assessment of stress and screening of health risk in peacekeeping operations / R. Nikolova, L. Aleksiev and M. Vukov. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 1, p. 44-48. Gezondheid Vredesmissies (VN) Militairen Bulgarije Kosovo Diagnostiek Medical surveillance for military personnel participating in peacekeeping missions (PKMs) is required to define the effect of stress on health status. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stress on the autonomic cardiovascular control and health risk of 72 Bulgarian peacekeepers participating in a PKM in Kosovo. The assessment of psychophysiological stress and determination of stress characteristics were implemented with analysis of heart rate variability and personal interviews. As a response to the cumulative exposure to the effect of stress on cognitive function, we observed reductions in parasympathetic function and baroreceptor modulation of heart rhythm. The alteration in cardiovascular control was registered as decreases in short-term variability and spectral powers of cardiointervals in the respiratory sinus arrhythmia and Traube-Hering-Mayer bands. The advantage of psychophysiological stress assessment and screening of health risk in PKMs is that results indicate the mechanisms of the effects of stress on cognitive function and health status. KOC

81

Pitman, R.K. Combat effects on mental health: the more things change, the more they remain the same / R.K. Pitman. In: Archives of General Psychiatry = ISSN 0003-990x: vol. 63 (2006), no. 2, p. 127-128. Gezondheid Veteranen Diagnostiek Comment on: J. Pizarro, R.C. Silver and J. Prause, Physical and mental health costs of traumatic war experiences among Civil War veterans, in: Archives of General Psychiatry, 63 (2006), 2, 193-200. KOC Pizarro, J. Physical and mental health costs of traumatic war experiences among Civil War veterans / J. Pizarro, R.C. Silver and J. Prause. In: Archives of General Psychiatry = ISSN 0003-990x: vol. 63 (2006), no. 2, p. 193-200. Gezondheid Veteranen Diagnostiek BACKGROUND: Hundreds of thousands of soldiers face exposure to combat during wars across the globe. The health effects of traumatic war experiences have not been adequately assessed across the lifetime of these veterans. OBJECTIVE: To identify the role of traumatic war experiences in predicting postwar nervous and physical disease and mortality using archival data from military and medical records of veterans from the Civil War. DESIGN: An archival examination of military and medical records of Civil War veterans was conducted. Degree of trauma experienced (prisoner-of-war experience, percentage of company killed, being wounded, and early age at enlistment), signs of lifetime physician-diagnosed disease, and age at death were recorded. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The US Pension Board surgeons conducted standardized medical examinations of Civil War veterans over their postwar lifetimes. Military records of 17,700 Civil War veterans were matched to postwar medical records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Signs of physician-diagnosed disease, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, and nervous disease; number of unique ailments within each disease; and mortality. RESULTS: Military trauma was related to signs of disease and mortality. A greater percentage of company killed was associated with signs of postwar cardiac and gastrointestinal disease (incidence risk ratio [IRR], 1.34; P < .02), comorbid nervous and physical disease (IRR, 1.51; P < .005), and more unique ailments within each disease (IRR, 1.14; P < .005). Younger soldiers (<18 years), compared with older enlistees (>30 years), showed a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio, 1.52), signs of comorbid nervous and physical disease (IRR, 1.93), and more unique ailments within each disease (IRR, 1.32) (P < .005 for all), controlling for time lived and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Greater exposure to death of military comrades and younger exposure to war trauma were associated with increased signs of physician-diagnosed cardiac, gastrointestinal, and nervous disease and more unique disease ailments across the life of Civil War veterans. Physiological mechanisms by which trauma might result in disease are discussed. KOC Raisch, D.W. A comparison of veteran and nonveteran motivations and reasons for participating in clinical trials / D.W. Raisch[et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 1, p. 27-30. Klinisch onderzoek Motivatie Veteranen 82

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of distinct motivations and reasons toward or against future trial participation is invaluable to any organization conducting trial research. Study delays often occur due to lack of recruitment. This study's primary objective was to compare veteran and nonveteran motivations and reasons. METHODS: People in two outpatient waiting rooms were approached. The questionnaire assessed motivation toward trial involvement through use of five-point Likert-type scales and hypothetical trial scenarios; it also analyzed reasons for participation through subject ranking of reasons. RESULTS: Veterans were more likely to participate in a trial in which all participants received the active treatment (p = 0.025). Veterans had different reasons for participation than nonveterans. Specifically, veterans felt altruism and "paying back" people who treated them were more important (p = 0.024 and p = 0.003) while financial compensation for volunteering was less important (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the varying reasons for participation could potentially aid recruitment efforts. KOC Rees Vellinga, N. van Rapportage Nazorg DTF / N. van Rees Vellinga. - Den Haag : Gedragswetenschappen, 2007. - 26 p. : tab. ; 30 cm GW-rapport 07-084. Gezondheid Nazorg Militairen Afghanistan Thuisfront s8.2 REE KOC Rees Vellinga, N. van Rapportage Nazorg PRT 4 en 5 / N. van Rees Vellinga. - Den Haag : Gedragswetenschappen, 2007. - 26 p. : tab. ; 30 cm GW-rapport 07-085. Gezondheid Nazorg Militairen Afghanistan Thuisfront s8.2 REE KOC Riddle, J.R. Millenium Cohort: the 2001-2003 baseline prevalence of mental disorders in the US military / J.R. Riddle...[et al.]. In: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology = ISSN 0895-4356: vol. 60 (2007), no. 2, p. 192-201. Geestelijke gezondheid Militairen Verenigde Staten Millenium Cohort Study OBJECTIVES: The 12-month prevalence of common mental illnesses in the United States is estimated to be 26%, accounting for an increasing fraction of all disability in the general population. The U.S. military is a unique group involved in response and defense during times of conflicts and disasters. The mental health of service members affects organizational productivity and effectiveness and is of great importance to the health of U.S. military members and public health in general. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: In the present report, the authors describe the baseline prevalence of mental disorders in a 83

large U.S. military cohort, the Millennium Cohort, established for a 22-year longitudinal study of the health effects of military service. Using crude and weighted prevalence and multivariable logistic regression, the mental health morbidity of the Millennium Cohort is reported for various demographics. RESULTS: These analyses suggest that although the cohort compares favorably to other populations, there are military subpopulations, including women, younger, less educated, single, white, short-term service, enlisted, and Army members, who are at greater odds for some mental disorders. CONCLUSION: With ongoing U.S. involvement in combat operations around the world, these baseline data are essential to assessing long-term mental health morbidity in U.S. military service members. KOC Ritchie, E.C. U.S. military accession mental health screening: history and current practice / E.C. Ritchie and R.A. Cardona. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 1, p. 31-35. Geestelijke gezondheid Militairen Screening Verenigde Staten Through the stimulus of war and concerns about neuropsychiatric disability, the U.S. military developed methods to rapidly screen the mental health of World War I and II draftees. Intelligence testing and brief psychiatric screening expanded the accession physical examination and underwent revision to identify only gross mental health disability. Supplemental psychiatric evaluations and written psychological screening tools were abandoned after postwar assessments; they demonstrated poor predictive power in evaluating recruit service capacity for combat environments. Currently, only three mental health accession tools are used to screen applicants before their entrance into military service, namely, educational achievement, cognitive testing, and a cursory psychiatric evaluation. The Navy and Air Force use a fourth screening measure during entry-level training. Educational attainment with high school graduation has been the strongest predictor of finishing a service term. The purpose of this article is to provide both a historical review and a review of testing efforts. KOC Rooney, Kathleen Prediction of outcome for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder using constructs from the transtheoretical model of behaviour change / Kathleen Rooney, Caroline Hunt, Leanne Humphreys, David Harding, Miriam Mullen and John Kearney. In: Australian and New Zealand Journal of psychiatry = ISSN 0004-8674: vol. 41 (2007), no. 7 (July), p. 590-597. Veteranen PTSD Behandeling Effectiviteit Methoden en technieken Onderzoek The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive utility of constructs from the transtheoretical model of behaviour change (TTM) known to predict outcome for other disorders. Method: A sample of 50 veterans presenting for a PTSD treatment programme provided data for this longitudinal study. Variables were assessed at four time-points during the treatment programme. Multiple regression and mixed-effects regression were utilized to determine the predictive utility of variables from the TTM. Results: Allocated stage of change at the time of a 2 day introduction programme predicted follow-up symptom severity, but changes therein during treatment did not predict changes in 84

symptom severity. However, changes in the continuous readiness-to-change variable and behavioural processes of change were predictive of such changes. Conclusions: Despite some difficulties in the application of the TTM to PTSD, the model does appear to predict treatment outcome. Veterans who have increased readiness to change and who make more use of behavioural processes of change are likely to have improved outcomes. Ryan, M.A. Millenium Cohort: enrollment begins a 21-year contribution to understanding the impact of military service / M.A. Ryan...[et al.]. In: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology = ISSN 0895-4356: vol. 60 (2007), no. 2, p. 181-191. Gezondheid Militairen Verenigde Staten Millenium Cohort Study OBJECTIVE: In response to health concerns of military members about deployment and other service-related exposures, the Department of Defense (DoD) initiated the largest prospective study ever undertaken in the U.S. military. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The Millennium Cohort uses a phased enrollment strategy to eventually include more than 100,000 U.S. service members who will be followed up through the year 2022, even after leaving military service. Subjects will be linked to DoD and Veterans Affairs databases and surveyed every 3 years to obtain objective and self-reported data on exposures and health outcomes. RESULTS: The first enrollment phase was completed in July 2003 and resulted in 77,047 consenting participants, well representative of both active-duty and Reserve/Guard forces. This report documents the baseline characteristics of these Cohort members, describes traditional, postal, and Web-based enrollment methods; and describes the unique challenges of enrolling, retaining, and following such a large Cohort. CONCLUSION: The Millennium Cohort was successfully launched and is becoming especially relevant, given current deployment and exposure concerns. The Cohort is representative of the U.S. military and promises to provide new insight into the long-term effects of military occupations on health for years to come. KOC Salomons, Anne 'Niet iedereen krijgt klachten' : opvallend laag PTSS-percentage bij Irakgangers / Anne Salomons. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 7 (september), p. 8-9. Irak Militairen Veteranen PTSD Diagnostiek Interview met Iris Engelhard over haar onderzoek naar PTSD bij Nederlandse militairen die naar Irak zijn uitgezonden. Sar, P. van der Ervaring met zorg in de praktijk / P. van der Sar. In: Carr‚ = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 30 (2007), no. 6, p. 14-16. Geestelijke gezondheidszorg Nazorg Militairen Thuisfront Praktijk Lkol Piet van der sar is commandant van 12 Infanteriebataljon Air Assault Regiment van Heutz. Vorig jaar was hij commandant van de eerste Battle Group van Task Force 85

Uruzgan. Daarvoor is hij vijf keer uitgezonden naar Libanon, Angola, Bosnië en Afghanistan waarvan drie keer met 12 Infanteriebataljon. In dit artikel vertelt hij over zijn ervaringen met de zorg voor de geestelijke gezondheid van militairen. KOC Scagliola, S. 'Onderzoek naar PTSS is hier nog nooit gedaan': veteranenzorg in Italië staat nog in de kinderschoenen / S. Scagliola. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 2, p. 32-34. Hulpverlening Veteranen Italië Italië heeft in de afgelopen 25 jaar een aardige reputatie opgebouwd op het gebied van vredesmissies. Zo heeft de Italiaanse krijgsmacht deelgenomen aan missies in onder meer Libanon, Namibië, Koerdistan, Rwanda, Oost-Timor en voormalig Joegoslavië en zijn op dit moment bijna 10.000 militairen actief in verschillende werelddelen. Dit gegeven in samenhang met de massale deelname van Italianen aan de twee wereldoorlogen, schept de verwachting dat veteranen die zorg behoeven wel een streepje voor zullen hebben in de Italiaanse maatschappij. Niets is minder waar. KOC Schaap, Dick Klankbord voor bezwaarde Indië-veteranen : Karel le Grand was legerpredikant in de Oost / Dick Schaap. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8/2007 (2007), no. 3 (april), p. 16-18. Indië-veteranen Politionele Acties KNIL Oorlogsmisdrijven Pastorale zorg Ethiek Gesprek met Karel le Grand, legerpredikant tijdens de Politionele Acties en de periode van de repatriëring van de Molukse KNIL-militairen. Hij erkent dat nog veel Indiëveteranen kampen met gewetensbezwaren. Schoeman, J.R. Meer plicht dan passie: Nederland over zijn krijgsmacht en veteranen / J.R. Schoeman. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 7 (2006), no. 10, p. 8-10. Publieke opinie Krijgsmacht Veteranen Bijna driekwart van de Nederlanders associeert de term 'veteraan' met moed. En ruim ‚‚n op de tien Nederlanders legt een verband tussen veteranen en psychische problemen. Dat blijkt uit het jaarlijkse opinieonderzoek dat in opdracht van het Veteraneninstituut wordt uitgevoerd. De inzet van Nederlandse militairen in Uruzgan en Irak blijft onverminderd omstreden. Maar de waardering voor Indië- en Libanonveteranen vertoont nog altijd een stijgende lijn. KOC Schoeman, J.R. 'Vooral zo doorgaan!': stijgende waardering jonge veteranen voor Checkpoint / J.R. Schoeman. In: Checkpoint = ISSN 1567-8210: vol. 8 (2007), no. 1, p. 8-9. Teveredenheidsonderzoek 86

Tijdschriften Veteranen "Vanwege oude herinneringen", zo typeerde een Indiëganger zijn motivatie om Checkpoint te lezen. Hij deed dat afgelopen december tijdens het - voor de tweede maal gehouden - onderzoek naar de waardering van veteranen voor 'hun' periodiek. Het blad wordt gewaardeerd vanwege de "...interessante onderwerpen..." en "...het gevoel van saamhorigheid..." wat na lezing blijft hangen. Natuurlijk zijn er ook minder positieve reacties: veteranen die in Checkpoint onvoldoende lezen over hun eigen missie, of zich ontevreden tonen over de aanbiedingen. Het algemene rapportcijfer valt desalniettemin heel gunstig uit: zowel jonge(re) als oude(re) veteranen waarderen Checkpoint met een 7,5. In de eerste editie van dit onderzoek (in 2003) lagen die cijfers op respectievelijk 7,4 en 7,7. KOC Schok, M. Terugblik op uitzending: meer werk maken van waardering / M. Schok. In: Carré = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 30 (2007), no. 6, p. 40-44. Vredesmissies (VN) Veteranen Psycho-sociale gevolgen Veteranen ervaren nog altijd een gebrek aan waardering voor hun prestaties. Dat blijkt uit een grootschalig onderzoek, uitgevoerd bij het Veteraneninstituut. Opvallend is ook dat de overgang van missiegebied naar Nederland voor de meeste veteranen niet 'vanzelfsprekend' verloopt. KOC Seal, K.H. Bring the war back home: mental health disorders among 103.788 US veterans returning from Iraq en Afghanistan seen at Department of Veterans Affairs facilities/ K.H. Seal...[et al.]. In: Archives of Internal Medicine = ISSN 0003-9926: vol. 167 (2007), no. 5, p. 476-482. Geestelijke gezondheid Militairen Irak Afghanistan Hulpverlening BACKGROUND: Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) have endured high combat stress and are eligible for 2 years of free military servicerelated health care through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, yet little is known about the burden and clinical circumstances of mental health diagnoses among OEF/OIF veterans seen at VA facilities. METHODS: US veterans separated from OEF/OIF military service and first seen at VA health care facilities between September 30, 2001 (US invasion of Afghanistan), and September 30, 2005, were included. Mental health diagnoses and psychosocial problems were assessed using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The prevalence and clinical circumstances of and subgroups at greatest risk for mental health disorders are described herein. RESULTS: Of 103 788 OEF/OIF veterans seen at VA health care facilities, 25 658 (25%) received mental health diagnosis(es); 56% of whom had 2 or more distinct mental health diagnoses. Overall, 32 010 (31%) received mental health and/or psychosocial diagnoses. Mental health diagnoses were detected soon after the first VA clinic visit (median of 13 days), and most initial mental health diagnoses (60%) were made in nonmental health clinics, mostly primary care settings. The youngest group of OEF/OIF veterans (age, 18-24 years) were at greatest risk for receiving mental health or posttraumatic stress disorder diagnoses compared with veterans 40 years or older. 87

CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurring mental health diagnoses and psychosocial problems were detected early and in primary care medical settings in a substantial proportion of OEF/OIF veterans seen at VA facilities. Targeted early detection and intervention beginning in primary care settings are needed to prevent chronic mental illness and disability. KOC Solomon, Zahava Posttraumatic intrusion, avoidance, and social functioning: a 20-year longitudinal study / Zahava Solomon and Mario Mikulincer. In: Journal of consulting and clinical psychology = ISSN 0095-8891: vol. 75 (2007), no. 2, p. 316-324. Libanon-oorlog Frontervaringen Veteranen PTSD Sociale aanpassing Israel Onderzoek The study assesses posttraumatic intrusion, avoidance, and social functioning among 214 Israeli combat veterans from the first Lebanon War with and without combat stress reaction (CSR) 1, 2, 3, and 20 years after the war. CSR veterans reported higher intrusion and avoidance than did non-CSR veterans. With time, there was a decline in these symptoms. In addition, intrusion and avoidance were associated with problems in social functioning on a given year, and they longitudinally predicted social dysfunction 2, 3, and 20 years after the war. CSR veterans presented stronger temporal covariations between intrusion-avoidance and social functioning. The findings suggest that CSR is a marker for future psychopathology and point to the role of avoidance in social dysfunction. Solomon, Z. Posttraumatic stress disorder among Israeli ex-prisoners of war 18 and 30 years after release / Z. Solomon and R. Dekel. In: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry = ISSN 0160-6689: vol. 66 (2005), no. 8, p. 1031-1037. PTSD Krijgsgevangenen Israël Diagnostiek BACKGROUND: The psychological responses to captivity were measured in a sample of former prisoners of war (POWs) 18 and 30 years after release from captivity. METHOD: 209 Israeli veterans of the 1973 Yom Kippur War (103 ex-POWs and 106 controls) who had taken part in a previous study conducted in 1991 participated in the current study conducted in 2003. The study assessed current rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), changes in PTSD over time, and the contribution of captivity severity (objective and subjective), sociode-mographic variables, and psychological appraisal and coping with captivity to predicting PTSD using standardized self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: Twenty-three percent of the ex-POWs met PTSD criteria and were 10 times more likely than controls to experience deterioration in their psychological condition in the 12-year interval between the 2 assessments. Almost 20% of ex-POWs who did not meet PTSD criteria in 1991 met criteria in the current assessment, in comparison to almost 1% of the controls. Current PTSD was predicted by younger age at the time of captivity, by loss of emotional control and higher subjective appraisal of suffering in captivity, and by a greater number of PTSD symptoms in the 1991 assessment. CONCLUSION: It is important to follow up and offer treatment to former POWs. Special attention should be paid to those who lost emotional control in captivity and to those who felt that the conditions of their captivity were severe. 88

KOC Solomon, Z. Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among Israeli ex-POWs / Z. Solomon and R. Dekel. In: Journal of Traumatic Stress = ISSN 0894-9867: vol. 20 (2007), no. 3, p. 303-312. PTSD Posttraumatische groei Krijgsgevangenen Israël In this article, the authors present a prospective study that dealt with pathological (posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD) and salutary (posttraumatic growth; PTG) outcomes of captivity and the correlates of those outcomes among a sample of ex-prisoners of war (POWs) and a control group of combat veterans. Posttraumatic stress disorder and its correlates were assessed in 1991 and 2003, and PTG was assessed in 2003. The results indicate that ex-POWs exhibited higher levels of PTSD and PTG than did the controls. In addition, both linear and quadratic associations between PTSD and PTG were found. The authors discuss some unresolved issues related to assessment of PTG and salutary outcomes, and outline directions for future research. KOC Spoont, M.R. Does filing a post-traumatic stress disorder disability claim promote mental health care participation among veterans? / M.R. Spoont [et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 6, p. 572-575. PTSD Veteranen Gezondheidszorg This study examined the impact of participation in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) disability system on health care use by veterans filing disability claims on the basis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). VA administrative databases were used to examine health care use in 3-month intervals before, during, and after veterans' filing of PTSD disability claims. Subjects were all veterans using some VA health care who filed PTSD claims between 1997 and 1999 in a large Midwestern region. PTSD claimants used more medical and mental health services after filing a disability claim, compared with the preapplication period. Continuation of elevated mental health care use after claim determination occurred only for those veterans whose claims were approved. Use of VA mental health care before the disability examination was associated with an increased likelihood of claim approval. For veterans with PTSD, disability system participation may both promote and be promoted by receipt of mental health care. KOC Stetz, M.C. The impact of deactivation uncertainty, workload, and organizational constraints on reservists' psychological well-being and turnover intentions / M.C. Stetz, C.A. Castro and P.D. Bliese. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 6, p. 576-580. Gezondheid Stress Militairen Reservisten This study assessed the impact of the activation of U.S. Army reservists after terrorists attacked the United States on September 11, 2001. A total of 263 soldiers completed a survey and participated in focus groups. The model's stressors were deactivation 89

uncertainty, workload, and organizational constraints. The outcomes were well-being and turnover intentions. In general, most stressors did predict the proposed outcomes. That is, with high deactivation uncertainty, workload, or organizational constraints, reservists reported low psychological well-being and high turnover intentions. Commanders and policymakers can use our findings when addressing ways to improve reservists' psychological health and to decrease turnover intentions. Specifically, reservists need more predictability and the needed organizational conditions (i.e., proper workload levels and equipment) while activated and deployed to protect our country. KOC Taft, C.T. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, physiological reactivity, alcohol problems, and aggression among military veterans / C.T. Taft[et al]. In: Journal of Abnormal Psychology = ISSN 0021-843x: vol. 116 (2007/38), p. 498-507. PTSD Agressie Alcoholmisbruik Veteranen This study examined the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and aggressive behavior among a sample of male Vietnam veterans (N = 1,328). Results indicated that the hyperarousal PTSD symptom cluster evidenced the strongest positive association with aggression at the bivariate level when compared with the other PTSD symptom clusters. When the PTSD symptom clusters were examined together as predictors, hyperarousal symptoms evidenced a significant positive relationship with aggression, and avoidance/numbing symptoms were negatively associated with aggression. Examination of potential mediators indicated that hyperarousal symptoms were directly associated with aggression and indirectly related to aggression via alcohol problems. Reexperiencing symptoms were associated with aggression only indirectly and through their positive association with physiological reactivity and negative association with alcohol problems. Study results highlight the complexity of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and aggression, and suggest possible mechanisms explaining this association. KOC Teigen, Jeremy M. Debt of a nation: understanding the treatment of military veterans in the United States / Jeremy M. Teigen. In: Armed Forces & Society = ISSN 0095-327x: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3, p. 438-444. Publieke opinie Veteranen Verenigde Staten KOC Teigen, Jeremy M. Veterans' party identification, candidate affect, and vote choice in the 2004 U.S. presidential election / Jeremy M. Teigen. In: Armed Forces & Society = ISSN 0095-327x: vol. 33 (2007), no. 3, p. 414-437. Presidentiële verkiezingen Veteranen Politiek Verenigde Staten The 2004 U.S. presidential election was a wartime contest that entailed a great deal of discussion about the role that previous military service plays in elections for both candidates and the electorate. Using polling data throughout 2004, this article examines 90

party identification, candidate affect, and vote choice preferences among veterans and nonveterans in the electorate. Despite widespread assumptions depicting the veteran population as deeply Republican, those with military experience in 2004 largely mirrored their nonveteran peers in terms of partisan identification, warmth toward candidates, ballot intentions, and vote choice. One important exception manifested after the "Swift Boat" advertisement in September, which impelled significant numbers of veterans who identify with the Democratic Party to express the intention to vote for George W. Bush. KOC Veldman, J.P. Verpleegkundige preventie tijdens uitzending : het belang van PTSS preventie door de militair verpleegkundige in een uitzending / J.P. Veldman. In: Nederlands militair geneeskundig tijdschrift = ISSN 0369-4844: vol. 60 (2007), no. 4 (juli), p. 141-143. Vredesmissies Veteranen PTSD Preventieve geestelijke gezondheidszorg Militair verpleegkundigen Er zijn veel mogelijkheden voor de militair verpleegkundigen om zich bezig te houden met de geestelijke gezondheidszorg van de aan hen toevertrouwde patiënten. De activiteiten als het geven van praktische hulp, informatie en het ondersteunen van het slachtoffer lijken goed te passen binnen het verpleegkundig domein . Dit zou een goede ondersteuning zijn van de psycholoog die nu in het veld aanwezig is maar niet overal tegelijk kan zijn . Extra ogen en oren dus, ook wanneer de psycholoog niet ter plaatse is . Daarmee zou de zorg voor slachtoffers die bij een ingrijpende gebeurtenis betrokken waren kunnen verbeteren en het ontstaan of het verergeren van een PTSS zou mogelijk verminderd kunnen worden. Of de zorg van de militair verpleegkundigen verder zou kunnen reiken dan alleen voor de in het hospitaal opgenomen patiënten zou nog nader onderzocht moeten worden. Verhalen Verhalen uit scholen : ontmoetingen met veteranen / [idee en samenst. Hans Hooghoff ... et al.]. - Enschede : SLO, cop. 2006. - 46 p. : ill. ; 25 cm Veteranen Onderwijs Persoonlijke ervaringen s8.2 VER KOC Vermetten, E. Frontline-onderzoek op het nieuwe Onderzoeks Centrum MGGZ Defensie / E. Vermetten en E. Geuze. In: Carr‚ = ISSN 0165-7437: vol. 30 (2007), no. 6, p. 37-39. Geestelijke gezondheidszorg Militairen Onderzoek Sinds begin dit jaar heeft Defensie een eigen Onderzoeks Centrum in de organisatie van de Militaire Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg (OC MGGZ). Dit centrum is een deel van de algemene MGGZ waarbinnen er drie elementaire taken zijn: geestelijke gezondheidszorg voor actieve militairen, zorg tijdens uitzending en veteranenzorg. KOC

91

Vlahov, David War and anxiety disorders / David Vlahov and Sandro Galea. In: Epidemiology = ISSN 1044-3983: vol. 15 (2004), no. 2 (March), p. 129-130. Golfoorlog-veteranen Oorlog Angststoornissen PTSD Comorbiditeit Risicofactoren Lange-termijn effecten Onderzoek Discussion of the article of Donald Black [et al.], Gulf War veterans with anxiety : prevalence, comorbidity, and risk factors. Wakefield, B.J. Veterans' use of Department of Veterans Affairs care and perceptions of outsourcing inpatient care / B.J. Wakefield [et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 6, p. 565-571. PTSD Veteranen Gezondheidszorg Beleid The objective of the study was to examine veterans' perceptions of problems and benefits of outsourcing inpatient care from Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals to private sector hospitals. Primary data were collected from a cross-section of 42 veterans who were VA users and nonusers using focus groups. Focus group discussion examined reasons patients use VA care, differences between VA and civilian care, positive and negative impacts of outsourcing, and special needs of veterans. Analyses revealed five domains related both to use of VA services and perceptions of outsourcing: costs, access, quality of care, contract (i.e., a covenant between veterans and the U.S. government), veteran milieu, and special needs. Participants identified a variety of potential positive and negative impacts. In general, veterans perceived more advantages than disadvantages to outsourcing VA care but still expressed significant concerns related to outsourcing. These issues should be considered in the development of future policy toward outsourcing VA care to the private sector. KOC Washington, D.L. Women veterans' perceptions and decision-making about Veterans Affairs Health Care / D.L. Washington[et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 8, p. 812-817. Gezondheidszorg Veteranen Vrouwen Wensen en behoeftes The increase in women in the military is reshaping the veteran population and Veterans Affairs (VA) health care delivery imperatives. To determine women veterans' perspectives and decision-making about VA health care use, we conducted six focus groups (four VA users and two nonusers) and identified key themes. Barriers to VA use for both VA users and nonusers included lack of information about eligibility and available services. Nonusers often assumed the VA did not provide women's health care. All groups emphasized they required a health care system focused on quality and sensitivity to women's health issues. However, users and nonusers differed in perceptions of VA quality. VA environment and quality concerns led many women to limit their VA use to 92

women's clinics. These qualitative findings provide a context to highlight where interventions and policies suggested by quantitative findings should focus. Dissemination of accurate information about VA eligibility and services, and continued responsiveness to women's perceptions of care are indicated. KOC Wegman, Marleen 's Nachts ben ik terug in Indië' : Indië Henk Cornelisse over zijn PTSS / Marleen Wegman. In: De Kareoler = ISSN 0166-3062: vol. 67 (2007), no. 7 (september), p. 10-11. Politionele acties Indië-veteranen Angststoornissen PTSD Persoonlijke verhalen Persoonlijk verhaal van een Indië-veteraan over zijn ervaringen in Nederlands-Indië tijdens de politionele acties, waarvan hij PTSS-verschijnselen overhield en zijn ervaringen met maatschappelijkwerkers van de Basis in Doorn. Witteveen, Chris De blik weer op scherp / Chris Witteveen. - [s.n ; s.l], 2006. - 54 p. ; 30 cm Ondertitel: Een maatschappelijke weergave van de bijdrage van het maatschappelijk werk van het Veteraneninstituut Doorn aan de verwerking van een posttraumatische stressstoornis bij jonge veteranen. - Eindscriptie Hogeschool Windesheim Zwolle, Faculteit Sociale Studies Maatschappelijk Werk en Dienstverlening. - Met lit. opg.. Jonge veteranen PTSD Maatschappelijk Werk Veteraneninstituut Verwerkingsproces Overheid Nazorg Hulpverleningstraject s8.2 WIT KOC Zimmermann, P. Long-term course of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in German soldiers: effects of inpatient eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy and specific trauma characteristics in patients with non-combat-related PTSD / P. Zimmermann[et al.]. In: Military Medicine = ISSN 0026-4075: vol. 172 (2007), no. 5, p. 456-460. PTSD Militairen Behandeling EMDR Duitsland OBJECTIVE: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated a patient population of 89 German soldiers who received inpatient treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder at the German Armed Forces Hospital in Hamburg from 1998 to 2003. METHODS: Patients were nonrandomly assigned to a treatment group who received eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and a comparison group with general hospital treatment and relaxation training. Follow-up information was obtained 29 months post-treatment. Trauma-related symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale and the PostTraumatic Stress Scale (PTSS-10) as parameters of improvement. RESULTS: The Impact 93

of Event Scale showed that inpatient trauma therapy with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing significantly improved the course of post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, the Impact of Event Scale indicated a significantly poorer long-term outcome for patients who had been confronted with death during their traumatic experience. Other factors tested were of no significant influence. CONCLUSIONS: These results may influence further treatment strategies for traumatized German soldiers. KOC Zinzow, H.M. Trauma among female veterans: a critical review / H.M. Zinzow...[et al.]. In: Trauma, violence & abuse = ISSN 1552-8324: vol. 8 (2007), no. 4, p. 384-400. PTSD Vrouwen Veteranen Overzichtsartikelen This article reviews the literature documenting the nature and prevalence of traumatic experiences, trauma-related mental and physical health problems, and service use among female veterans. Existing research indicates that female veterans experience higher rates of trauma exposure in comparison to the general population. Emerging data also suggest that female veterans may be as likely to be exposed to combat as male veterans, although not as directly or as frequently. Female veterans also report high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, which has been associated with poor psychiatric and physical functioning. Although sexual assault history has been related to increased medical service use, further research is needed to understand relationships between trauma history and patterns of medical and mental health service use. Researchers also are encouraged to employ standardized definitions of trauma and to investigate new areas, such as treatment outcomes and mediators of trauma and health. Policy and practice implications are discussed. KOC

Tweede generatie / Second generation Rice, F. The impact of gestational stress and prenatal growth on emotional problems in offspring : a review / F. Rice, I. Jones and A. Thapar. In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica = ISSN 0001-690x: vol. 115 (2007), no. 3, p. 171-183. Zeer jonge kinderen Zwangerschap Moederschap Angststoornissen Depressie Lange-termijn effecten Literatuuronderzoek A selective review of the literature was undertaken to examine the events occurring very early in life, even prenatally, may have long-term effects on future health and behaviour. The influence of poor foetal growth and gestational stress in the mother on the risk of emotional problems in offspring was reviewed. Studies of preterm infants and infants born small for gestational age have shown increased levels of emotional problems across the lifespan. In general, studies examining maternal depression/anxiety during pregnancy and other indices of gestational stress have shown significant associations with emotional problems in children. The results of several studies also point to the importance of psychosocial and genetic factors in moderating associations. 94

Yehuda, Rachel Parental posttraumatic stress disorder as a vulnerability factor for low cortisol trait in offspring of Holocaust survivors / Rachel Yehuda, Martin H. Teicher, Jonathan R. Seckl, Robert A. Grossman, Adam Morris and Linda M. Bierer. In: Archives of general psychiatry = ISSN 0003-990x: vol. 64 (2007), no. 9 (September), p. 1040-1048. Holocaust Tweede generatie PTSD Neurobiologie Onderzoek To characterize the patterns of basal cortisol secretion in offspring of Holocaust survivors with and without parental PTSD and children of nonexposed parents, twenty-three Holocaust offspring with parental PTSD and 10 without parental PTSD were compared with 16 children of nonexposed parents. No participant had PTSD. Offspring with parental PTSD displayed lower mean cortisol levels, reflected by the circadian mesor and reduced cortisol amplitude, compared with offspring without parental PTSD and children of nonexposed parents. This effect seemed to be specifically related to the presence of maternal PTSD. It is concluded that low cortisol levels and other chronobiological alterations in offspring are associated with the risk factor of maternal PTSD, raising the possibility that these alterations are acquired via glucocorticoid programming either from in utero exposures or in response to maternal behaviors early in life.

95