Final Report
WORKSHOP CONSERVATION PRACTICE OF LAKE SENTARUM NATIONAL PARK FOR IMPROVEMENTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION, LOCAL CAPACITY, AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
Jointly organized by: The Government of Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, BKSDA Kalimantan Barat, Wetlands International Indonesia Programme, and Yayasan Konservasi Borneo (YKB)
Sponsor : Small Wetlands Programme NC-IUCN for YKB
Yayasan Konservasi Borneo Jl. Paris 2, Perumahan Bali Mas 2 No. 5B Pontianak 78124, Kalimantan Barat Tel/Faks: ++ (0561) 711919 Email:
[email protected] http://www.geocities.com/borneoconservancy
Pontianak, November 2003
Table of contents
Table of contents
i
Executive summary
ii
1. Introduction
1
2. Institution
2
2.1 Collaborative principle
2
2.2. Stakeholders
3
2.3 Role and function of partnership forum
3
2.4. Recommendation
4
3. Priority action plans
5
3.1. Priority action plans on fishery sector
5
3.2. Priority action plans on forestry sector
7
3.3. Priority action plans on tourism sector
7
3.4. Priority action plans on education sector
8
3.5. Priority action plans on public health sector
8
4. Concluding remark
8
5. Appendices
9
5.1. Workshop committee
9
5.2. A list of workshop participants
10
6. Acknowledgements
14
Selected photographs
15
i
Executive Summary
This report presents the results of workshop on conservation practice of Danau Sentarum national park for improvements of socio-economic condition, local capacity, and ecological integrity.
The workshop was held in Bogor on 15 October 2003. Participants attended this
workshop were 64, coming from governments, NGOs, universities, and individual experts. The results of this workshop highlight two major issues of concerns, i.e. the improvement of institutions, and the implementation of community action plans, which were formulated by local communities from Danau Sentarum National Park. As a matter of facts, the management of Danau Sentarum National Park must be fully designed to take into account roles of multi-stakeholders. These include local communities, the District Government of Kapuas Hulu, NGOs, universities, research centers, the Departments of Forestry, Ocean and Fishery, and other relevant departments. To realize a collaborative management scheme for Danau Sentarum, it is urgent to form a collaborative network among these stakeholders. In addition, the workshop also recommends implementing selected, priority action plans on fishery, forestry, tourism, education and public health.
ii
1. Introduction The degradation of Danau Sentarum National Park has been occurring at an alarming rate. The underlying causes of this degradation are over-fishing, rampant illegal logging, and wildfires. It is urgent to manage the current impact of human activities on this important site. The park has been listed as a Ramsar site since 1994. There are many endemic flora and fauna found in the park, which consists of seasonal lakes and significantly conservation importance of peatland forest ecosystem. Peatland forest in Danau Sentarum National Park has been initiated since in the Late Quaternary. This ombrogenous peat is deposited on Kerapah and Kerangas forests, and probably the only remaining intact peatland forest on Sunda Land. The destruction of Danau Sentarum National Park must be stopped. Efforts to accomplish this objective have been taken. Yayasan Konservasi Borneo, together with collaborators, conducted a series of workshop in 2001 – 2003 to formulate appropriate solutions and action plans in order to protect the park. It is strongly realized that the management of Danau Sentarum National Park must address needs of local communities, and other relevant stakeholders. It is very important that local stakeholders, i.e. local communities and the district government have a more say how to manage resources and protect the park from destruction. This workshop report addresses two major issues of concerns. The first issue is the management of the park. Under the present management scheme, the Department of Forestry in the central government has been authorized by laws to control the park. In reality, the park is administratively under the sovereignty of district government. As decentralization processes have been granted to district governments in year 2000 (Act No 22/1999), this political change has stimulated debates on how to manage national parks in new era of decentralization process in Indonesia. This workshop strongly suggests forming a forum in order to facilitate communication, participation, and collaborative work among stakeholders. The second issue discusses on how to select priority action plans that would help to combat anthropogenic impact on the park. These action plans were already formulated by local communities (See results of community 1
workshop on Danau Sentarum, held in Putussibau on April 14 – 15, 2003). The workshop has called stakeholders to implement action plans on fishery, forestry, tourism, education, and public health. In addition, action plans on customary laws have been formulated by local communities, and will be carried out by local communities. It is expected that the Government of Kapuas Hulu will recognize the application of customary laws in Danau Sentarum National Park. 2. Institution At present, BKSDA1 Kalimantan Barat has been fully authorized to take care of Danau Sentarum National Park. This central government has low capacity to carry out this duty. It is common that lacks of capable human resources and budget are the main reasons of poor performance of BKSDA In order to upgrade the capacity of BKSDA, the workshop recommends developing a stakeholder forum that would accommodate and facilitate communication, participation, coordination and collaborative work. BKSDA Kalimantan Barat, the District Government of Kapuas Hulu, Wetlands International-Indonesia Program, and Yayasan Konservasi Borneo have been appointed by participants in the workshop to initiate the formation of this stakeholder organization.
2.1.
Collaborative principle
The establishment of this stakeholder forum is based on collaborative principles as follows: ¾ The involvement of all relevant stakeholders who pay great attention and concerns on the protection of Danau Sentarum National Park ¾ The natures of stakeholders’ involvement:
1
Open
Based on equal position and active participation,
A Central Government Agency
2
2.2.
Based on win-win partnership
Fairness
Decisions are taken by ways of democratic principles
Stakeholders
Relevant stakeholders are expected to play major roles in the management of Danau Sentarum National Park below: a.
Society groups: local communities (both Malay and Iban tribes), local NGOs, and national/international NGOs
b.
Government: the District Government of Kapuas Hulu, the Government of West Kalimantan Province, and BKSDA Kalimantan Barat (i.e. Resort Semitau)
c.
Institutions of research and education: universities and research institutes
d.
Private sector: traders and entrepreneur
e.
Individuals: relevant and interested experts, and relevant public figures such as leaders of customary laws, and other informal leaders
2.3.
Role and function of partnership forum
The forum is not rigid and normative, but it is progressive. Work mechanisms among the District Government of Kapuas Hulu, BKSDA Kalimantan Barat, and the forum are presented in Figure 1. Role and function of this forum are: ¾ To give advice to BKSDA Kalimantan Barat and vice versa ¾ To formulate and implement action plans following each fiscal year ¾ Along with the government and community groups, to monitor and evaluate the condition of Danau Sentarum National Park
3
The District Government of Kapuas Hulu
Collaborative forum for the management of Danau Sentarum National Park
BKSDA Kalimantan Barat
Coordination line
Figure 1.
Work mechanisms among the District Government of Kapuas Hulu, BKSDA Kalimantan Barat, dan the proposed forum
It is very important to note that the functions of this forum do not aim to replace the present functions and roles of BKSDA Kalimantan Barat, which has been granted by laws to take care of the park. Similarly, the forum is neither a representative nor part of the District Government of Kapuas Hulu.
2.4.
Recommendations
In order to improve the performance of BKSDA Kalimantan Barat, the workshop recommends: 1. The Department of Forestry in Central Government is requested to accelerate the establishment of UPT Balai TNDS2
2
An executing agency for the management of Danau Sentarum National Park
4
2. The District Government of Kapuas Hulu and Provincial Government of West Kalimantan are requested to send letters to the relevant government bodies and agencies of central government in order to escalate the processes of the establishment of this executing agency. 3. BKSDA Kalimantan Barat needs to improve capacity and performance in the management of Danau Sentarum National Park 4. The establishment of collaborative stakeholder forum 5. Revisiting the present regulations that have potentials to limit the development of collaborative management scheme in Danau Sentarum National Park 3. Priority Action Plans The community workshop held on April 14-15, 2003 in Putussibau has formulated participatory action plans that cover issues of customary laws, forestry, agriculture, education, health, tourism, and handy-craft. In this workshop, these action plans were reviewed, except action plans on customary laws. It is realized that the present action plans are dominated by community concerns on how to fulfill economic needs. This represents that values and functions of Danau Sentarum as an important national park are not properly acknowledged. Issues on how to implement action plans that directly associate with biodiversity conservation have not been adequately addressed. It is expected that these types of action plans will be taken and formulated by the government authority that has responsible for taking care of the park. On the other hand, these community action plans would have indirect impact on biodiversity conservation in Danau Sentarum National Park
3.1.
Priority action plans on fishery sector
Fishery group recommends the following action plans. 1. To request the Head of Kapuas Hulu District (Bupati) to make a decree on the management of water resource use in Danau Sentarum National Park. This decree is expected to be in force in January 2004.
5
2. To formulate a district regulation on the management of water resource use in Danau Sentarum National Park. It is urgent to socialize this issue, and have this regulation implemented in year 2005 at the latest. 3. To determine selected water bodies in Danau Sentarum as restricted fishery resource. The selection of restricted fishery resource is made by a decree from the Head of Kapuas Hulu District. The expected date of this decree to be in force is January 2004. 4. To improve a participatory control system on both water and terrestrial resources in Danau Sentarum National Park. Fund for this activity is expected to come from BKSDA Kalimantan Barat, the Government of Kapuas Hulu District, and local communities. 5. To cultivate local fish species for consumption and ornamental purposes in order to help the protection of the park. The preference is given to herbivorous and nonpredator fish. These include Pangasius nasutus, Leptobarbus hoevenii, Notopterus borneensis, Oxyeleotris marmorata, Barbodes schwanenfeldii, and Botia macracanthus. Other potential, local fish species need to be explored. 6. To train and develop local capacity in fish cultivation. At present, local communities do not have abilities and experience to cultivate fish. Present fishing activities are limited to fish catch and rearing. Therefore, it is urgent to transfer fish cultivation technology. The training is expected to realize in 2004. Places for the training could be at Fish Breeding Centre at Anjungan (Kalimantan Barat), Freshwater Fish Centre in Sukabumi, West Java, and Mandi Angin Centre in South Kalimantan. Fund for this training could be collected from the Government of Kapuas Hulu District, and the Department of Ocean and Fishery3. 7. To investigate fish population, and migration routes in Danau Sentarum and Kapuas River.
3
Both the Government of Kapuas Hulu and the Department of Ocean and Fishery have planned to allocate
certain amount o fund on fishery development in Danau Sentarum in fiscal year 2004 - 2005
6
8. Community Gold Mining Gold mining is very common in the Province of West Kalimantan. The Head of Kapuas Hulu District is expected to take a comprehensive action in order to prevent Mercury (Hg) pollution into water bodies. A decree that regulates the trade and use of Mercury must be stipulated. 9. Public awareness on Mercury (Hg) threat It is highly recommended to carry out extension activities regarding the threat of Mercury (Hg)
3.2.
Priority action plans on forestry sector
1. To determine the boundary of Danau Sentarum National Park. It is urgent to establish core and buffer zones of the park with fully consultation with local communities. 2. To make the predetermined zones to be acceptable and fully acknowledged 3. To ban all commercial timber extraction from the park and the surrounding areas. 4. To increase law enforcement that supports the application of customary laws in the region of Danau Sentarum National Park. 5. To campaign both nationally and internationally all commercial timber extraction that occurs in the park and surrounding areas in order to promote the rejection of timber originated from Danau Sentarum areas in international trade 6. To campaign on the status, functions, and values of Danau Sentarum as an important wetland resources, particularly to communities living around the park 7. To increase the roles of local communities in the management of the park. If it is necessary, technical assistance could be sought from Non Governmental Organizations.
3.3.
Priority action plans on tourism sector
1. To map tourist interest points in the park
7
2. To promote the potentials of ecotourism through magazines, travel agents, internets, and exhibitions. 3. To train local communities to become tourist guides, and abilities to work for tourism industry and services 4. To train and develop skills of local communities to produce souvenirs and other facility related to tourist needs such as guest houses, restaurants, souvenir shops, and cultural performances.
3.4.
Priority action plans on education sector
1. To recruit and train locals to become teachers, especially primary teachers 2. To improve teaching and education infra-structure 3. To offer fellowships for disadvantaged groups and poor students 4. To found vocational schools that suit local needs and the protection of Danau Sentarum National Park (For example: School for freshwater fish management)
3.5.
Priority action plans on public health sector
1. To train traditional mid-wives to master standard methods and techniques 2. To increase public awareness on the rights to receive cheap and good public health service. 3. To encourage the practice and maintenance of healthy lifestyle 4. Concluding remark This report is expected to be used as one of references and considerations when to conduct activities in Danau Sentarum National Park. This report greatly highlights the importance of collaborative network formation for the management of Danau Sentarum National Park. This workshop has opened an opportunity and drawn commitments from stakeholders of Danau Sentarum to realize future collaborative work. Major stakeholders, i.e. the Departments of Forestry, Ocean and Fishery, the Ministry of Environment, the Government of Kapuas Hulu District, NGOs, and local communities have shown great
8
interests and will to improve the management of Danau Sentarum. These selected action plans discussed in the workshop are expected to be put in place as soon as possible.
5. Appendices
5.1.
Workshop committee
Steering committee: 1. The Head of Kapuas Hulu District 2. The Head of BKSDA Kalimantan Barat 3. The Director of Wetlands International-Indonesia Programme
Organizing committee: Chair
: Gusti Z Anshari
Member: 1. Alexander Rambonang 2. Diah 3. Delianuzri 4. Fransiska Nelly
9
5.2. A list of workshop participants
No
Participant names
Institution
Address
1
Abet Nego T
Sawit Watch
Bogor
2
Abul Hadi
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan
3
Ade Jafar Basrie
Dinas Pertanian dan Irigasi, Sub Dinas Perikanan
Putussibau
4
Adi Susmianto
PHKA Departemen Kehutanan
5
Agustinus Taufik
CRMP
Dirjen PHKA Departemen Kehutanan Gedung Manggala Wanabhakti Blok7/Lt.7 Jl Jend Gatot Subroto , Jakarta Bogor
6
Alexander R
Bappeda Kapuas Hulu
7
Andi Erman
Yayasan Konservasi Borneo
8
Anton Perdana
Kepala Biro Harian Equator
9
Dede Wiliam
CIFOR
10
Dibjo Sartono
Wetlands InternationalIndonesia Programme
11
Dicky Simorangkir
TBI Indonesia
12
Dr.Dadan Kusnandar
FMIPA, Universitas Tanjungpura
13
Dr.Gusti Zulkifli Mulki
14
Dr.Saeri Sagiman
Putussibau Tel. ++ 62-567-21071 Jl.Muhammad Amin, Rt/Rw IV/II No.87 Semitau 78771 Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Jl Ngurah Rai No 8 Putussibau, Kapuas Hulu Tel. ++ 567-21309 Email:
[email protected] Jl.CIFOR, Situgede, Sindangbarang Bogor 16680 Telp.(0251)622622, Fax(0251)622100 HP.08161924851 Email:
[email protected] Jl.A.Yani 53 Bogor Tel (0251) 312189 Jl Jend Sudirman Balikpapan Permai Block F2 No.31 RW 04 Balikpapan, Mailing Address: P.O.Box 494 Balikpapan 76100, Kalimantan Timur Tel. ++ 62 542 820503, 820504 Fax. ++ 62 542 735773 Email:
[email protected];
[email protected]
Jl.Kom.Yos Sudarso, Gg.Nyiur I No.12 Telp (0561)773239 Email:
[email protected] Fakultas Teknik Untan Jl.H.M.Suwignyo Pontianak Email:
[email protected] Fakultas Pertanian Untan
10
Jl.Purnama I,Gg.Purnama I No.22 Pontianak Tel (0561)763836 (H) Telp (0561)740191(O)
Mobile:.08125731318 Jl Antasari No 2 Putussibau, Kapuas Hulu Tel ++ 62-567-21188; ++ 62-567-21575
15
Drs.Abang Tambul Husin
Bupati Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu
16
Faizal Parish
Global Environment Centre
17
Fransiska Nelly,SP
Yayasan Konservasi Borneo
Floor Wisma Hing No 78, Jalan SS2/72, 47300 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel.++ 60 3 7957 2007 Fax. ++ 60 3 7957 7003 Email:
[email protected] Pondok Indah Lestari DXI/12B Email:
[email protected]
18
Gozali Hansen
Konsultan Bupati
Jakarta
19
Gusti Zakaria Anshari
Yayasan Konservasi Borneo
20
Harry A
Manager Wildlife Conservation SocietyIndonesia Program
Jl. Paris 2, Perumahan.Bali Mas II No.5B Telp/fax (0561)711919 Email :
[email protected] http://www.geocities.com/borneoconservancy Jl.Pangrango 8 PO.Box 311 Bogor 16003 Telp.(0251)321 527 Fax.(0251)357347
21
Harry Alexander
Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)
Bogor
22
Haryanto
Leboyan
Wakil masyarakat dari TNDS
23
Haryatiningsih Moedjodo
Lake-Net
24
Hiroshi Sayama
JICA in Ministry of Forestry(Advisor in Biodiversity Conservation)
Jl. Flamboyan Raya 17 Depok II Tengah, 16411 Depok Telp/fax : (021)770-0566 HP.0811110301 Email:
[email protected] Manggala Wanabhakti Bld.Blok VII 6F1 Jl. Gatoto Subroto Jakarta 10270 Telp/fax.(021)57202218 Email:
[email protected]
25
Ir. Fadjar Rianto,MS
Yayasan Konservasi Borneo
26
Ir. Sirajul Alam
Kepala Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Kapuas Hulu
27
Ir. Y.Danang,ST
Dirjen Perikanan Jakarta Tangkap/Sumber Daya Ikan Departemen Perikanan 11
2nd
Jl.Husein Hamzah, Komp.Melati Indah A1 Telp.(0561)773426 Email:
[email protected] Putussibau
dan Kelautan 28
Ir.Dirhamsyah,MP
Fakultas Kehutanan Untan
Jl.Paris 2, Komp.Telkom 5B
29
Ir.Moh.Jauhari
Departemen Perikanan & Kelautan Prop.Kalbar
Jl.Sutan Syahrir (Kota Baru) Pontianak Telp.Ktr (0561)732521,Fax(0561)766073 HP.08152233065
30
Ir.Riduansyah,MP
Fakultas Pertanian Untan
31
Iswan Dunggio
IPB
Jl.Paris 2, Gg.Asoka 15 Telp (0561) 713704 HP. 08125778704 Fakultas Kehutanan, Dermaga, Bogor
32
Iwan Setiawan
PILI-NGO
33
Jozsef Micski
Forest Liaison Bureau (FLB)
Jl. Padjajaran Indah V No.6 Bogor Telp/Fax : 0251 341827 Email :
[email protected] http: //www.pili.or.id HP : 08129282724 Manggala Wanabakti Bld Block VII, Lantai 6 Jl. Jend Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10270 Tel . ++ 62 21 5720194 Fax: ++ 62 21 573 3043 Email:
[email protected] [email protected]
34
Julai
Empaik
Wakil masyarakat dari TNDS
35
Labueni S
Wetlands InternationalIndonesia Programme
Jl.A.Yani 53 Bogor Tel (0251) 312189
36
Laksamana Busran Kadri
Dirjen Pengawasan Sumber Daya Perikanan
Jakarta
Departemen Perikanan dan Kelautan 37
M.Asrullah
Kalimantan Borneo
Jl.H.M.Suwignyo, Pontianak
38
M.Indrawan
CIFOR
39
M.Nizar
Dirjen Perikanan Budidaya Departemen Perikanan dan
Jl.CIFOR, Situgede, Sindangbarang Bogor 16680 Telp.(0251)622622, Fax(0251)622100 Jakarta
12
Kelautan 40
Mahadi
Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Kapuas Hulu
41
Mering Ngo
42
Mr.Tanimoto Hisao
43
Muchlis
PRCJl. Taman Sakura I, Taman Galasari Indah Indonesia/Direction III Blok L 1/No.17 Bekasi Selatan 17147 Jawa Barat Telp.(0210)8211588, Fax (021)82420009 Email :
[email protected] Ditjen Bangda Jl. TMP Kalibata 20 Lt V, JKT 12750 Telp/Fax.(021)7989487 HP.08151829041 Email :
[email protected] Kepala Dinas Putussibau Pertambangan dan Lingkungan Hidup
44
P.Wibowo
Wetlands InternationalIndonesia Programme
Jl.A.Yani 53 Bogor Tel (0251) 312189
45
Prof.Dr.Thambun Anyang,SH
Fakultas Hukum Untan
Jl. A.Yani Pontianak
46
Pudji Prahjitno
Kepala BKSDA Kalbar
Jl. A.Yani Pontianak
47
Retno Suratri
Kepala Seksi Evaluasi Fungsi & Potensi Kawasan Suaka Alam/Hutan Lindung – PHKA, Departemen Kehutanan
Dirjen PHKA Departemen Kehutanan Gedung Manggala Wanabhakti Blok7/Lt.7, Jl Jend Gatot Subroto Jakarta
48
Richard Dudley
Fishery expert
49
Ristianto Pribadi
Asisten Deputi Ekosistem Darat Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup RI
Jl.D.I.Panjaitan, Kav.24, Kebon Nanas Jakarta Timur 13410 Telp. (021)8518138
50
Rivani
Walhi
Jakarta
51
Rusnaniar
Bappeda Kalbar
Jl.A.Yani Pontianak
52
Sabran
Genting
Wakil masyarakat dari TNDS
53
Sapto Andriyono,S.Pi
BKSDA Kalbar
Jl. A. Yani Pontianak
13
Putussibau
54
Sesillia Irnawati
LSM Riak Bumi
55
Soewartono
Balai TN Betung Kerihun
56
Sugeng Harmono
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup RI Keanekaragaman Hayati
Jl.D.I.Panjaitan, Kav.24, Kebon Nanas Jakarta Timur 13410 Telp. (021)8518138
57
Sukarna
Sekulat
Wakil masyarakat dari TNDS
58
Syarifuddin
Kenalang
Wakil masyarakat dari TNDS
59
Tri Permadi Y
Direktur PT.Gerbang Bhumipakuan
Jl.Baung No.3A-B Jakarta 12610 Telp. (021)781585, Fax.(021)7829763
60
Ujang Dadang Sumarsono
Kepala BRI Cabang Putussibau
Putussibau
61
Wahyu Catur
Wetlands InternationalIndonesia Programme
Jl.A.Yani 53 Bogor Tel (0251) 312189
62
Yayat Rochiat
CIFOR
63
Yohanes
Walhi Kalbar
64
Zulkifli,SP,MSi
Yayasan Konservasi Borneo
Jl.CIFOR, Situgede, Sindangbarang Bogor 16680 Telp.(0251)622622, Fax(0251)622100 Jl.Nyi Ageng Serang, Perum III Tanjung Hulu No.107 Pontianak Timur Telp/Fax (0561)745637 Email:
[email protected] Jl.Kom.Yos Sudarso, Komp.BTN Jeruju Permai Telp.(0561)770375 Email:
[email protected]
14
Jl.Putri Dare Hitam,Gg.Tani I No.26 Pontianak Telp.(0561)737132 Email:
[email protected] Putussibau
6. Acknowledgements Yayasan Konservasi Borneo (YKB) presents sincere thanks to all members of steering and organizing committees for hard-work and excellent cooperation. Moch Indrawan from CIFOR, Dadan Kusnandar from Universitas Tanjungpura, and Iwan Setiawan from PILI-NGO MOVE are deserved special thanks for their assistance as facilitators. YKB also thanks Esther Blom, Marc Hoogeslag, and Henri Roggeri from Small Wetlands Programme, NC-IUCN for financial assistance and fruitful cooperation.
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