WORK METHOD AND MOTION STUDY WORK DESIGN AND ERGONOMICS
1. VISUAL MOTION STUDY • First classification of motion study commonly used because of the lesser cost than the micromotion study. • Measuring by direct observation
THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS(basic motion elements)
THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS 17 elemen-elemen gerakan dasar (Therblig) dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi effective dan ineffective. Effective Therblig : Physical Basic divisions : - Menjangkau (reach), lambang huruf RE - Membawa (move), lambang huruf M - Melepas (release), lambang huruf RL - Memegang (grasp), lambang huruf G - Mengarahkan awal (pre position), lambang PP Objective Basic Divisions : - Memakai (use), lambang huruf - Merakit (assemble), lambang huruf - Mengurai rakit (disassemble), lambang
U A DA
THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS Ineffective Therblig : Mental atau semi mental Basic Devisions - Mencari (search), lambang huruf - Memilih (select), lambang huruf - Mengarahkan (position), lambang huruf - Memeriksa (inspect), lambang huruf - Merencana (plan), lambang huruf Delay - Kelambatan yang tidak terhindarkan (unavoidable delay) - Kelambatan yang dapat dihindarkan (avoidable delay) - Istirahat untuk menghilangkan lelah (rest to overcome fatique) - Memegang untuk memakai (hold)
S SE P I PL UD AD R H
CONTOH : Uraian gerak seseorang yang akan menulis, dimulai dari menjangkau untuk mengambil pen sampai mengembalikannya pen kembali ke tempat semula (pen holder) Langkah dalam penulisan 1. Mengambil pen 2. Memegang pen 3. Membawa pen ke kertas 4. Mengarahkan pen untuk menulis 5. Menulis 6. Mengembalikan pen ke tempatnya 7. Memasukkan pen ke dlm tempatnya 8. Melepaskan pen 9. Menggerakkan kembali tangan ke kertas
Nama Gerakan Menjangkau Memegang Membawa Mengarahkan Memakai Membawa Mengarahkan sementara Melepas Menjangkau (transport empty)
WORK METHOD STUDY • Method study : systematical investigation and documentation activity of how the work is done. • Method study : understanding the optimal techniques and principals of a work system. Method study Work system components : materials machines & tools workers environment
Work system alternatives
The best alternative effective (shorter time) efficient (less cost) productive
WORK SYSTEM COMPONENTS Raw materials supplies/input (materials)
Temperature, lighting, noise, etc.) (physical environment)
WORK METHOD (procedure, steps, ordering)
Display, ease of use (machines and tools)
Produk Jadi (Output)
Ability, age, physical, experience (human/worker)
OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES Method study objectives
• • • •
Process and work method improvement Human, machine, materials improvement and economy Proper effort-fatigue of the humans involved Working layout and environment improvement Method study necessities
• Bottlenecks • Targets/outputs does not meet planning (quantity and quality) • Errors, discomforts, accidents in work
OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES Necessities - M.G. Stevenson
• • • • • • • • •
High frequency and lengthy movement of materials and workers Bottlenecks An operation is being done repeatedly in a long time span Increasing scrap and rework cost Product quality not consistent Workers complaint Work fatigue need a lot of rest Benchmark from another company Labor-turnover and absenteeism
WORK METHOD STUDY Observe the object
• Define the problems • Identify spectacles
“WHAT TO MEASURE ?”
• Problems • Spectacles
“HOW TO MEASURE IT ?”
• Measurement • Arrangement
“WHAT TO ACHIEVE ?”
The Best Work System
Proper, valid, and reliable method
-
Method evaluation Machine evaluation Environment evaluation Rest/work hour evaluation Work load evaluation Layout evaluation
STEPS IN WORK METHOD STUDY Identification of work operations (method)
Initial considerations : - Will there be any economic benefits from the outputs ? YES
Data collection
- Adequate knowledge and skills to conduct work method study ? YES
Work operations/method documentation
- Will there be any negative reaction or response from the workers ? NO
Work method alternatives recommendation
New suggested work method implementation
WHAT TO CONSIDER ? CONSIDERATION
FORM OF COMPANY
SMALL/ TRADITIONAL
-
BIG/ MODERNIZED
standard SOP Permission layout environment
FORM OF THE MACHINES
AUTOMIZED
MANUAL
- human/worker involvement - movement - work station - job element - layout
FORM OF THE WORK TIME
CONTINOUS
BATCH
- measurement method - idle time - sampling method - job element
MOTION ECONOMY STUDY • Motion study : A study of motions done by the workers to finish their job, to achieve effective and efficient standard motions save time and cost • Objectives : To eliminate/lessen unneffective motions and replace it with the more effectives • Understanding and use of work charts is vital ! MOTION ECONOMY STUDY PRINCIPALS (MUNDEL) :
- Eliminates unnecessary activity
- Combines activity or movement - Simplifies the activity
MOTION ECONOMY STUDY
MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS 1. HUMAN BODY USE
• • • •
Physical condition and limitation of work movement Both hands can do works together Both hands must not be idle in one time Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the opposite direction • Only use the needed parts of the body • Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue • Eye-movement must be focused on an area
1. HUMAN BODY USE
• • • •
Physical condition and limitation of work movement Both hands can do works together Both hands must not be idle in one time Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the opposite direction • Only use the needed parts of the body • Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue • Eye-movement must be focused on an area
MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS 2. WORKPLACE
• Fixed layout routine movements • Ease of use and comfortable materials and tools placement • Layout must enable the best movement order • Machines and tools dimensions must fit the body • Good working environment
MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS 3. TOOLS DESIGN
• Minimize manual activity use machine or tools • Use multi-functioned tools • Tools placement must be easy to find and reach • Workload must be balanced
2. MICROMOTION STUDY • Used when finding difficulties in determining differences between one Therbligh (work element) and another.
• Work element time is very fast • Need to record the motion
Record motions from a work cycle
Play and view recorded video repeatedly
Draw a conclusion
Interpret the motions into SIMO (Simultaneous Motion Chart)
Work motions suggestion
TUGAS 1. Buat kelompok 2. Cari jurnal yang membahas tentang studi gerak atau telaah metode 3. Susunlah resume jurnal yang berfokus pada metode penelitian yang dilakukan, dengan format : - pendahuluan - permasalahan - metode - hasil - analisislah metode sudah baik atau belum 4. Lengkapi dengan referensi/literatur 5. Dikumpulkan pertemuan selanjutnya
