Volume: 38 Number: 3 Year: 1986 Chronicle: 131 Article: Two Hundred Years of Postal Communications The Netherlands - United States of America Author(s): Cornelis Muys, Jan Giphart
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Click here to view the entire Volume: 38 No: 3 Chronicle: 131 Front Cover (1 page) Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Robert A. Siegel Auction Galleries, Inc. Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Richard C. Frajola Inc. Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Jack E. Molesworth, Inc. Masthead (1 page) Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Richard Wolffers Inc. Table of Contents (1 page)
Starting Page Front Cover Inside Front Cover 149 150 151 152 153
The Editor's Page Editorial (1 page) Susan M. McDonald
154
Book Review U. S. Route and Station Agent Postmarks (2 pages)
154
Guest Privilege Two Hundred Years of Postal Communications The Netherlands - United States of America (7 pages) Cornelis Muys, Jan Giphart The 1932 Sale of Heard Material (5 pages)
156
Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Leonard H. Hartmann Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: John W. Kaufmann Inc.
166 167
162
Prestamp and Stampless Period A Message from the Editor (2 pages) Frank Mandel The U.S. Register and list of Post Offices of 1794 (3 pages) Richard B. Graham
168
Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Andrew Levitt
171
169
Carriers and Independent Mails U.S. Stamped Evelopes used to prepay Carrier Fess or for Postage, with adhesive stamps to prepay (5 pages) Elliott Perry, Robert B. Meyersburg
172
Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: U.S.P.C.S. Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Christie's Robson Lowe, New York
176 177
Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Edelman's Classified Advertisement (1 page)
179 179
1851-61 Period The Five Cent surcharge rate to Britain (3 pages) Thomas J. Alexander Stockton Ship (2 pages) David T. Beals III, Thomas J. Alexander U.S.Postal Markings 1851-61 (2 pages) David T. Beals III, Thomas J. Alexander The Plating of the Center Line copies of S5 (3 pages) Dr. Samuel Dershowitz Sheet Margins (1 page) David T. Beals III, Thomas J. Alexander United States Mail Steamships (2 pages) Stanley B. Ashbrook Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Earl P. L. Apfelbaum Inc
180 181 182 184 187 187 189
1861-1869 Period Postage stamps used as money: Postage currency use for postage (5 pages) Richard B. Graham The Washington Balloon town mark of Civil War Days (2 pages) Richard B. Graham A 24c Revisted (1 page) Richard B. Graham, William K. Herzog Single high value 1861 stamps used to pay domestic postage (3 pages) Richard B. Graham The Civil War: Covers from Bruell's Army near and at Nashville in early 1892 (2 pages)
190 194 131 131 197
Richard B. Graham, William K. Herzog "... Those Premieres Gravures..." (1 page) Richard B. Graham, William K. Herzog
198
Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: William A. Fox Auctions, Inc. Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Nancy Poli Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: William T. Crowe
198 198 131
Bank Note Period Ship Letters and Bank Note Dues (5 pages) George B. Arfken The Banknote era stamps at Ameripex (1 page) Richard Searing
200
Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Greg Manning Company Inc.
205
204
Railroad Postmarks Chicago's first Railroad - Postal Pioneer (8 pages) Charles L. Towle
206
Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Taylor Made Company
131
Foreign Mails Postal Perculiarities II - French Fiasco at New Orleans (3 pages) Charles J. Starnes United States inland rate reduction in Hamburg Mails (1 page) Charles J. Starnes
214
Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Victor B. Krievins
216
216
The Cover Corner Answer to problen covers in Issue No. 130 (2 pages) Scott Gallagher Problem covers for this issue (3 pages) Scott Gallagher Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Philatelic Restoration Workshop Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: New England Stamp
217 218 218 219
The Cover Corner More on "Rosecrans/The Hero of the West" (1 page) James W. Milgram M.D. Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: J. Randall Rare Stamps Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Harmers of New York Inc. Display Advertisement (1 page) Advertiser: Raymond H. Weill Co
220 220 Inside Back Cover Back Cover
GUEST PRIVILEGE TWO HUNDRED YEARS OF POSTAL COMMUNICATIONS THE NETHERLANDS - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CORNELIS MUYS and JAN GIPHART Tr anslated from the Dutch by Co rne lis Mu ys and J. Kobes (Cont inued from Chronicle 130 :90 )
1875 UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION
With the introduction of a reg ulation following the establishment of the Ge nera l Post al Union in 1875 , succeeded by UPU in 1878, the postal rate for a single letter was decreased to 12 V2 cents for prepaid and mai ntained at 25 ce nts for unpaid mail. 1882 WEEKLY MAIL SERVICE TO NEW YORK WITH DUTCH SHIPS
Already in 1874 , the posta l authorities had signed a co ntrac t for transport of closed mail with the Nederlandsch-A merikaansche Stoomvaart Maatschappij (later the Holland-America Line). Since Jul y I, 1882 , the Mail Stea mships of this company main tai ned a wee kly service to New York. The ships departed alternative ly from Rotterdam and Ams terdam each Saturday . Mai l was sent with this com pany on ly if it was clearly indicated that it was to be sent in this manner. Besides this service , the exc hange of mail with Amer ica via London , later via Queenstown, with Brit ish ships was maint ained. Aro und 1885 these ships provided for 13 crossings per mo nth . Besides this service there was a week ly mai l transport perform ed by the German Lloyd via So utham pton to New York from 1868. These ships also transported mail for the Dut ch Post Offices.
Figure 41 . A postcard from United States to The Netherlands. 1894.
1905
In 1905 there was a reg ular mail exchange with the USA by: I. the steamships of the Holl and-America Line among which since 1900 were the very fast-sai ling ships Rotterdam and Statendam; 2. the Brit ish packetboats via Quee nstow n and Ge rma n packetboats via Dover or So uthampton; 156
Chronicle 131 / August 1986 / Vol. 38 . No . 3
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Figure 42 . Holland America Line bulletin, announcing sailings, prices, and regulations.
Chronicle 13 1 / August 1986 / Vol. 38 . No.3
157
CONDITIEN. EERSTE en TWEEDE KLASSE. Onder de P aeaage-pr ijzen der 1p en 2· Klaaae zUn begr epen : goede Taf el , Beddegoed en Lin nen I Geneeskundige lI ul p en Bediening. W Un, Bier en geeetrjj ke Dra nken aun aa n Boord tegen mat ig tar ief verkr ijgba ar . Paeeagi ere 1P Klu te kun nen aa napraak maken op n ti eer voer van 20 . 2" Klu tle Pe seegiers van 15 kubi eke voet en bagage pe r vclweaeene ; kinder en
dehelft.
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en houden ook hun ne maal tjjden efzonder ljjk. P laatsen kunn en beeproke n worden door vooru itb et al ing va n een vierde der verach uldigde puaag e. UU . e " .prd.ID, 1•• 1" · of 24 1 J[ll8sepallSl,. ,eller.. m eD OD8 te,rlUkertUd t e atld ell '" de nrlnl'de plulln to n D••ee of ueeree butt'.d I UD.
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De paesagier e krugen gedurende de reie dag eljjks : 's mcrg ene 8 uur ontbijt beetaand e uit Oor t met Stroop, Brood met Boter en Koffie met Suik er , '8 middags 1 uur middagmaal , bestaa nde uit verach of gezouten Ru nd- of v erken evleesch i met Zuu rkool en Bconen , E r wten of Aard app eteo t dik"'il18 ook Soep I ( V r ~ d agll Vi&ch) '8 avonds 6 uur avondeten , beataande uit Brood met T hee en Suik e r. Voor ts 0
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voor bet gent zij dat btl eoor-
Btl aankcmst te Rot terdum of A mst n 'dam ill het in het belang der ps sMagie rll, 't' a18 zij zicb dadeljjk wenden aan de beambten der Maat &chapPU, welke eteede bti de aan komst s an alle tr einen en etoomboo ten tegenwoa rdig zUn. Zij worden ge~ waa rech uwd geen gebruik te mak en van de d ieneten van epoor weg -beetellere of ~ a ndere pe r8onen , hoe !jnorig ell d ien atva ardi g deze zicb ook mogen eoordoen . T uescbe nde ke-pa eeag iere hebben 10 Ku bieke Voet en begag e n il· Toor B.I'.g ~ C bo",. betl'UD nU nnoerd " ordt, finn ' 0IKt'D8 tarld r 0 .60 Toor elke 8:I.tr. k.ble. ~ ~ 'o~t "ordn I'etordt'fd. ~ De bagage moet voorzien zijn van den naam en de beatemming van den PaB~ eag ler , benevene "an den naa m en datum van afvll a rt van bet stoomachip. Dit Ii all ee moe t or op geechilderd ziln I zoodat het niet uitgewischt kan worden. Z I ndien de bagage per spoor vooruit gezonden word t I waa rbg men zorg tlrag en moet I dat zij in tild s te J(ottf r do m or A mste"dam aa nkomt , moet zij gea d eeeeee rd 'Cd Nederlandsch-Amerikaansche Sloom,aarl.Maalschappij vra cht br i:!f duid elijk ver meld ,,'ord en de naam van den afzender en die van het Q; 8cbip , ligplaat8 te R ott t'rdum Koningshawen . te A mste"du m Rhijn.poorsteigerl ; .... raadzaa m ill bet tevens 1 onl:l pe r hrief hcr icht te geven va n de afzending. Reclam ell o...e r verm il~te bf'gag e geJie ve men dadelijk btl aa nkomllt in te ~ dienen bij de Direct ie tl:' R ottf'l do m of A msterdam of hij den Oeneraal-Agent ta C X ew- YQd' l . W. MORRIS, Broadway 50 , daa r er op lat e re kl acht en geen ac bt ~ ge81agen zal worden. 't= De )( aa tllchapp g Iltc l t zicb a II e e n dan ...e ran t woordelyk voar vorloren geraa kte
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.hurlea.. ~ Pa8Ul'ten, die la bet bellt laD eeo A._erik••nseh e Kurt ea ons den '1 dat.. T•• b•• nrtre. al et ••• l' ekODdll'd bebben , kUDUt'D e n D. I D tau de Terl D- Q, derlal' der .h.. rt~. I. kUBls I'~.teld wordu . =' P a88agebill ett en z ~n aIl een ge ldig voor de dfLQrop vermelde pen on en en kunn en niet op Daam van a ndc n>r\ worden overgt'(lragen. Een kuu dige doktcr is steeds aan board e n de pas8ag ie rs t die op rei8 ziek worden, genieten g ra ti8 geneeskundig e bebandeling en medictincn . AHeen reizende ver80nen hoven 60 jaar , aileen reizende vrouwen met minderjarige kinderen t aileen reiz('nde kinderen heneden 12 j aar, gebr ekk igen of per sonen me t eene be8metteJijke ziekte mogen volgens de Amerikaan8che wetten niet aa ng enomen worden , dan onde r borgstelling Ta n 500 dolla n of op vert oon van een gelega liseerd certificaa t, da t door ef'n Amerikoa nllch burger Toor hen in Amerika gezorgd zal worden I als waa rborg dat derg e1tlke Jieden niet te n laste van de Amerik aa m che 8ta ten komen. "IIHII 0' Ne".York e. A.. . er.......e b I'eld 0, blllUk~ toor"aanlen terkrUrbaar. Het Bureau der Commiaaie van Toezicht ov er den Doortocht en be t Vervoer va n Landverhuizera in Rotte rdam (BOOmpj e8 92) , en Am llterda m (Zee ma nllbui8) geeft gr a tis aile noodige inlicbtingen .
;
Chronic le 131 I August 1986 I Vol. 38 . No .
j
RE:TURN IN 5 DAYS TO
L. VanDe r Hl l s t & Sons , 1
The Hague , Ho ll and
Figure 43. An envelope from Chicago, 1916, with British censorship.
3. the Ame rican packetboa ts via Southampton; 4 . since Februa ry 1904 also the American and Germ an packetboats via Cherbourg . All letters and other mail for the USA we re se nt with the Holland-America Line unless it was indicated that one prefe rred ano ther route . The opportunity to exc hange parce l post direct ly between Th e Netherlands and the USA has exi sted since Jul y I, 1908.
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Figure 44 . From Florida , 1940, with German censorship. 1946 AIRMAil
On February 19 , 1946 , the DC-4 Flagship Amsterdam of the American Overseas Airlines (USA) left from New York for Am sterdam for the first US co mmercia l fligh t, captain G . Burgard . On Feb rua ry 25, 1946 , the Douglas C-54A NL-305 of the K.L. M . le ft with Parment ier as captain, for a series of trial flights fro m Am sterd am to New Yo rk. The result s from these 11 ights were that K.L. M . , as the first Euro pea n airline co mpany , opened on May 2 1, 1946 , a regular fligh t service Amsterda m-New Yor k (a .o . via Glasgow). The first flight was made with a DC-4-1009 PH-TAR Rotterdam with Eve rt van Dijk as Chronicle 131 I August 1986 I Vol. 38 . No. 3
159
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Figure 45. To New York in 1945 with Dutch censorship.
captain . The trip took 251f2 hour s and flying time was 2 1 hours. With this flight 254 kg of mail were transported . Thi s was the beginn ing of a regul ar twice weekly service from The Netherl and s to the USA. Since then transport by airmail has increased many fold . At present airplanes transport per year about 134 ,000 kg of letters and cards and 168,000 kg of other types of mail on this route. It is rem ark able that the growth of airma il volume co ntinued when after 1970 the Post introduced other and chea per form s of mail transport; this co ntrary to the sea ma il which lost very much ground .
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Figure 46. Cover carried on first KLM flight, Amsterdam to New York, May 21, 1946. 160
Chronicle 13 1 I August 1986 I Vol. 38. No.3
FIf1ST OAV OF ISSUE o
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200TH YEAR
qifll()iMIie ~iol"bJ r
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Figure 47. A first day cover of the 1982 U.S. stamp commemorating 200 years of diplomatic relations, also bearing corresponding Netherlands issue.
NEW FORMS OF MAil TRANSPORT 1973
On Apri l 2, 1973 , the Dut ch Post al Admi nistration esta blished for the mutu al co rrespondence with Great Brit ain and Northern Irel and and the USA the " EMS ," the International Express Ma il Ser vice . Th e aim of this service is a fast transport and del ivery of "time sens itive" mai l. Th e EMS- channel is , because of this separated fro m the normal mail transport , while transport (by airplane), for ward ing and receipt are co ntractually laid down and supervised. Yearl y about 6000 kg of " EMS-traffic" goes from The Net herlands to the USA .
1974 Faster tha n the growth of " EMS-traffic" was the ex pans ion of "SAL-post. " On Mar ch I , 1974 , the possibilit y to send sea mai l pack ages as SA L-post was opened for Australia, Canada , India and the USA . Th e airp lane takes over the task of the ship on the route Th e Neth erland s-USA while the country of arri val hand les the parcels as "sea mail." Sinc e then more and more peopl e have appreci ated the possibility of getting parcel post on time and for a fair price to America and a few other co untries with "Surface Mail Ai rlifted" (SA L) . In 1981 about 440 ,000 kg of parcel post we re se nt in this mann er to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean .
1981 Th e last and fastest way to send mai l from Th e Netherl and s to the USA is with the internatio nal net wor k of " lntelpost ." On Jun e 22 , 1981 , this network was ex panded to include the traffic from and to New York and Wa shington and with a couple of places in this area. It is a Facsimile-transmission whereby letters , doc uments, drawi ngs, etc. , ca n be transmitted . Within a co uple of hours the rec ipie nt has an exact co py of the ori ginal message .
1982 O n Apri l I , 1982 , the intern atio nal network of " Intelpost" was connected with the domestic " Fax postnet." " Faxpost" is the nam e the Dutch P.T .T . have given to their new "fast" service which makes it possible for ev eryone at a post office to send a message " per facsimile" (shortened to " fax") . Suc h a message or better said , a letter , reaches its de stination in most cas es within four hours after se ndi ng . T his ver y short transmission time make s the Intelp ost or Faxpost message the fastest letter. The Hague , May 1982 Chronicle 131 I August 1986 I Vol. 38. No. 3
161
References Circulaires, of Aigemeene A anschrijving van het Hoofbestuur der Posterijen /813-1875 [Circulars or Public Noti fications of the Executive Department o f Post Office).
Dienstorders van het Staatsbedrijf der Posterijen, Telegrafie, en Telefonie [Service Orders of the Government Agen cy of Posts, T elegraph , and Telephone) .
Acts ofParliament relating to the Post Office, from 9 Anne to 1 Victoria, 1710-183 7 (London, 1838).
Postal Treaties, The Netherlands-England fro m 1818 and 1843. Postal Treaties, The Netherlands-France from 1817 and 1851. Dibden, W . G. Stitt. Four Hundred Years of Anglo-Dutch Mail (The Hague, 1965). Dubus, L. "Les trois premieres regies de paquebots-poste pou r New York so us Louis XVI." (Ph ilatelie, Paris , 1970) . Hargest, George E . History of Letter Post Communication between the United States and Europe, 1845-1875 (Washington , D .C ., 1971). Le Jeune, J . C. W. Het Brieven-Postwezen in de Republiek der Vereenigde Nederlanden. Eene bijdrage tot de staatshuishoudelijke geschiedenis van dat tijdvak (Utrecht, 1851). [The LetterPost in the Republic o f the United Netherlands. A contribution to the political/economic history of that period .) Lowe, Robson, Ltd. The Encyclopaedia of British Empire Postage Stamps 1639-1952, Volume V, The Empire in North A merica (London, 1973). Mackay, James A . English and Welsh Postmarks since 1840 (Dumfries, 1980). Overvoorde, Dr. J. C. Geschiedenis van het Postwezen in Nederland voor 1 795, met de voornamste verbindingen met het buitenland (Leiden, 1902). [History o f the Post Office in The Netherlands before 1795, including chief communications with foreign countries.) Salles, Raymond. La poste maritime francoise , Tome IV, Les paquebots de l'Atlantique Nord: Antilles-Amerique Centrale et Pacifiqu e Sud, Etats-Unis (Paris, 1965). ten Brink . Dr. E . A . B. 1. Ges chi ede nis \'(/ 1/ het Ne derlandse Post wezen 1795 -/ RI() Cs-Grave nhage, 1950 .). I History o f the Neth erland s Post O ffice 1795 -1810 .1 __ . De geschiedenis van het postvervoer (Bussum , 1969). [The history of po stal tran sport.) __ . Het Nederlandse Postwezen vroeger en nu (Amsterdam, 1956). [The Netherlands Post . Office Past and Present.)
THE 1932 SALE OF HEARD MATERIAL As described in the May issue, the find of Augustine Heard correspondence acquired by Earl Hamilton and Joseph Silver of the United States Stamp Co. of San Francisco was sold at auction on February 17, 1932, by B. W. H. Poole in Los Angeles . The auction descriptions of the 57 lots of Heard material are reproduced below . The Scott catalog numbers used are old style; the current equivalents are as follows: 44 is now 26; 48a is now 30a; 49a is now 32; 50 is now 35; 51 is now 36; 53 is now 38; 54 is now 39. From Scott 65 on, past and present numbers are identical.
* * * The first lots of covers in this sale form an entirely new " find" of considerable importance. This corresponde nce has been lying in the Orient for many years and was recently acquired by Mr. Earl Hamilton and Mr. Joseph Silver, of the United States Stamp Co .. San Francisco , who have given me instructions to sell them at auction. These covers. arc all of the "letter sheet" variety and most of them have been folded through the address side to preserve the stamps. These covers will be on view at the offices of the UNITE D STATES STA MP CO ., 39 1 Bush Street , San Francisco, on February 2nd , 3rd and 4th; and also at the offices of the NASSAU STA MP Co. , 70 Nassau Street. New York . on January 2 1st. 22ml and 23rd. Th is correspondence is addressed to Augustine Heard and Co. of Shanghai. China , and is mostly from New York and Boston sent via. Marseilles and London. 162
Chro nicle 131 / Aug ust 1986 / Vol. 38, No . 3
