UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA ______________________________________________________________________ Jurusan Teknik Industri Tugas Akhir Sarjana Semester [Ganjil] tahun 2006/2007
Analisa perbandingan nilai ekonomis antara metode penjualan accessories melalui Daeler Installation Option (DIO) dan Port Installation Option (PIO) Mardian Nurman NIM: 0700734680 Abstrak
PT. TAM was look at accessories business growing up since last five years and showing a potential profit for company. However this business not as simple as expected, TAM shall have to compete against attractive market that were fight at low price. Since current method was caused higher price at customer level made genuine accessories sales become anxious. Now its time to find another alternative of business strategy to improve customer price and sales volume. This paper is supposed to be to find the answer through provide some alternatives or idea for improving current sales method. The pre-defined alternatives will be measured for its merit by economic analysis. The alternatives feasibility is supposed to be indicated by higher internal rate of return, and shortest payback period. And recommendation needs strategy analysis also to ensure those conclusions are effective and have base of knowledge. Strategy analysis will consider all factors from external and internal, then highly recommended to use TOWS analysis and SPACE for strategy which should be done. Finally except of maximizing company profit, it will be wish to prior customer benefit from implementation of this project.
Keywords: sales method, price, alternatives, strategy, payback period, feasibility
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KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillah, puji syukur kehadirat Allah s.w.t yang telah memberikan kekuatan dan petunjuk-Nya, sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan. Skripsi dengan judul: “Analisa perbandingan nilai ekonomis antara metode penjualan accessories melalui Daeler Installation Option (DIO) dan Port Installation Option (PIO)” ini disusun sebagai salah satu syarat untuk mendapatkan gelar sarjana pada jurusan Teknik Industri Fakultas Teknik jenjang strata 1 Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan skripsi ini tidak akan terlaksana tanpa bantuan dan bimbingan berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: - Ibunda tercinta yang senantiasa memberikan do’a dan dukungan penulis menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini. -
Bpk. Prof. Dr. Gerardus Polla, selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara
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Bpk Iwan H. Kartowisastro, Ph.D. selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik.
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Bpk. Ir. Gunawarman Hartono, M. Eng., selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Industri dan Dosen pembimbing.
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Seluruh dosen pengajar Universitas Bina Nusantara.
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Bpk. Indra Lubis, selaku pembimbing job-training di Dept.Accessories MPCRD Toyota-Astra Motor
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Ibu Novita Hapsari, selaku PIO project leader, Dept. Accessories MPCRD yang bersedia berbagi data dan petunjuk selama OJT.
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Jajaran manajemen dan rekan-rekan di working group Accessories, PT. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN) dan PT. Toyota-Astra Motor (TAM).
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Semua pihak yang telah membantu secara langsung maupun tidak dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Saran dan kritik
sangat penulis butuhkan, dan semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi semua pihak yang membutuhkan.
Jakarta, 23 January 2007 Penyusun,
Mardian
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DAFTAR ISI
JUDUL .......................................................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................ ii ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................. iii KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................................ iv DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR................................................................................................... x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................. xi BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1
Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1
1.2
Identifikasi dan Perumusan Masalah .......................................................... 4
1.3
Ruang Lingkup............................................................................................ 4
1.4
Tujuan dan Manfaat .................................................................................... 5
1.5
Gambaran Umum Perusahaan..................................................................... 6
BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI 2.1
Ekonomi teknik ........................................................................................... 8 2.1.1
Tujuan Perusahaan .......................................................................... 8
2.1.2
Investasi ........................................................................................ 10
2.1.3
Kerangka Memaparkan Ekonomi Teknik ..................................... 10
2.1.4
Penetapan Waktu Baku ................................................................. 11
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2.2
Alat Analisis Pemulihan Investasi. ......................................................... 12 2.2.1
Menetapkan Tingkat Pengembalian Minimum yang diinginkan (MARR) ....................................................................................... 12
2.3
2.2.2
Metode Nilai Sekarang (Present Worth Method) ......................... 12
2.2.3
Metode Nilai Masa depan ............................................................. 14
2.2.4
Metode Tingkat Pengembalian Internal (IRR) ............................. 14
2.2.5
Metode Periode Pengembalian (Payback Period Method) ........... 15
Perumusan Strategi ................................................................................. 15
BAB 3 METODE PEMECAHAN MASALAH 3.1
Diagram Alir Pemecahan Masalah............................................................ 17
3.2
Observasi Data Pendahuluan..................................................................... 18
3.3
Studi Literatur Istilah Terkait.................................................................... 18
3.4
Studi dan Analisa Tren Penjualan............................................................. 18
3.5
Penetapan Part yang Dijadikan Sebagai Pilot Project............................... 19
3.6
Menjawab Tujuan...................................................................................... 19 3.6.1
Analisa Ekonomi teknik................................................................ 19
3.6.2
Analisa Strategi ............................................................................. 20
3.6.3
Manfaat bagi Pelanggan................................................................ 20
BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1
Observasi dan Data Pendahuluan.............................................................. 22
4.2
Gambaran Umum Metode DIO................................................................. 23
4.3
Gambaran Umum Metode PIO ................................................................. 24
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4.4
Analisa Tren Penjualan Accessories ......................................................... 25
4.5
Perhitungan Kapasitas Produksi PIO ........................................................ 25
4.6
Analisa Ekonomi Teknik .......................................................................... 26
4.7
Analisa Manfaat bagi Pelanggan............................................................... 40
4.8
Rumusan Manajemen Strategi Pendukung ............................................... 41
BAB 5
4.8.1
Matriks EFE .................................................................................. 42
4.8.2
Matriks IFE ................................................................................... 46
4.8.3
Analisa TOWS .............................................................................. 50
4.8.4
Analisa SPACE ............................................................................. 51
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1
Kesimpulan ............................................................................................... 55
5.2
Saran.......................................................................................................... 56
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 57 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP ................................................................................. 58 LAMPIRAN............................................................................................................... 59
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1.
Lembar Kerja Arus Kas proyek selama 20 tahun……………………27
Tabel 4.2.
Perbandingan Lembar Kerja Arus Kas proyek selama 20 tahun antara PIO dan DIO…………………………………………………………29
Tabel 4.3
Tabel perbandingan Total PW (nilai sekarang) antara DIO dan PIO..30
Tabel 4.4
Tabel PW (nilai sekarang) PIO2 Alternatif………………………….38
Tabel 4.5
Tabel Perbandingan investasi berdasarkan atribut yang diperlukan...39
Tabel 4.6.
Tabel perbedaan harga jual konsumen………………………………41
Tabel 4.7.
Tabel matriks EFE proyek …………………………………………..44
Tabel 4.8.
Tabel matriks IFE proyek……………………………………………47
Tabel 4.9
Tabel TOWS terhadap hasil matriks EFE dan IFE terkait…………..51
Tabel 4.10.
Tabel Analysis SPACE………………………………………………53
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Diagram Model DIO ................................................................................. 23 Gambar 2 Dagram Model PIO .................................................................................... 24 Gambar 3. Diagram Arus Kas sebelum pajak (PW).............................................…...28 Gambar 4 Diagram ilustrasi interpolasi untuk mencari i%.........................................31 Gambar 5. Diagram Arus Kas sebelum pajak (FW)…………………………………33 Gambar 6. Kutipan penggunaan spreadsheet untuk menganalisa EMM……………35 Gambar 7. Diagram Arus Kas alternatif PIO2 sebelum pajak (PW)……………...…37 Gambar 8 Diagram matriks SPACE…………………………………………….…..54
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Sumary Data penjualan mobil ................................................................. 59 Lampiran 2 Sumary Data Penjualan Accessories ....................................................... 61 Lampiran 3 Tabel Survey Kapasitas Produksi dan Rencana Layout .......................... 62 Lampiran 4 Detail perincian pembiayaan ................................................................... 63 Lampiran 5 Arus Kas DIO dan Rincian Biaya Modal Part......................................... 66 Lampiran 6 Tabel Menghitung PV Alternatif PIO ..................................................... 67 Lampiran 7 EMM (Economic Measure of Merit) alternatif PIO2.............................. 68 Lampiran 8 EMM (Economic Measure of Merit) alternatif PIO tanpa nilai sisa ....... 69 Lampiran 9 EMM (Economic Measure of Merit) alternatif PIO2 tanpa nilai sisa ..... 70 Lampiran 10 EMM (Economic Measure of Merit) alternatif PIO3 tanpa nilai sisa ... 71
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