UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA
Jurusan Teknik Informatika Program Studi Ilmu Komputer Skripsi Sarjana Komputer Semester Ganjil Tahun 2006/2007 ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN DATA WAREHOUSE PEMBELIAN DAN PERSEDIAAN PADA PT. SAMAFITRO Dewi Lina Yunita Devianty
0700703990 0700704482 0700716362
Abstrak Analisis informasi dan pengambilan keputusan merupakan prosedur kegiatan yang penting karena menentukan target dan langkah strategis keberlangsungan dan pengembangan perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyediakan alat bantu pendukung pengambilan keputusan PT Samafitro yang mampu menyajikan data dalam bentuk informasi yang dapat memberikan gambaran kondisi perusahaan dengan jelas dan cara yang praktis. Penulis menerapkan metode analisa dan metode perancangan, meliputi survei sistem yang berjalan, survei kebutuhan user dengan wawancara terhadap pihak yang bersangkutan, studi kepustakaan, dan merancang aplikasi berbasis data warehouse dengan perancangan tabel, skema bintang, rancangan layar, output serta query yang berisi informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan permasalahan di PT Samafitro adalah prosedur analisis informasi pembelian dan persediaan membutuhkan waktu cukup lama dan kurang praktis, karena hanya menggunakan pencetakan laporan bulanan dari data detil operasional sebagai landasan analisis dan pengambilan keputusan. Hal ini menyebabkan analisis menjadi kurang mendalam dan menyeluruh. Maka dibutuhkan aplikasi berbasiskan data warehouse yang mampu mengolah dan menampilkan data menjadi informasi yang rinci, jelas, terintegrasi, historis dan dalam cara yang fleksibel yang disesuaikan dengan keinginan dan kebutuhan user sehingga mampu memberikan gambaran yang tepat atas kondisi global perusahaan. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa kebutuhan akan data dan aplikasi pendukung pengambilan keputusan adalah penting bagi perusahaan, agar tiap keputusan dan kebijakan yang diambilnya memiliki landasan yang tepat dan kuat. KATA KUNCI : Analisis, Perancangan, Data Warehouse, Pembelian, Persediaan
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur ke hadirat Tuhan atas karunia dan berkatnya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini dengan baik. Skripsi ini disusun sebagai penulisan hasil Analisis dan Perancangan Data Warehouse untuk kegiatan Pembelian dan Persediaan pada PT Samafitro. Ucapan terima kasih dan penghargaan penulis sampaikan pula kepada yang terhormat : 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Drs. Gerardus Polla selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara. 2. Bapak H. Mohammad Subekti, BE ,M.Sc. selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Informatika. 3. Bapak Choirul Huda, S.Kom, MM. selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah banyak membantu dan mengarahkan kami dalam penyusunan hingga selesainya skripsi ini. 4. Pimpinan dan segenap karyawan PT Samafitro yang telah memberikan bantuan dan dukungan selama kami melakukan penelitian unutk menyusun skripsi ini. 5. Orangtua dan keluarga tercinta yang telah memberikan dukungan moril maupun material. 6. Seluruh Dosen dan Staff pengajar Universitas Bina Nusantara Jakarta yang telah memberikan bekal ilmu dan pengetahuan kepada penlis. 7. Rekan – rekan yang telah memberikan dukungan serta doa restunya kepada penulis sejak awal kuliah hingga selesainya skripsi ini. 8. Semua pihak dan teman – teman yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu – persatu, yang telah membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.
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Penulis berharap skripsi ini dapat dijadikan awal bagi pengembangan selanjutnya, sehingga hasil yang telah diperoleh dapat disempurnakan dan lebih berdaya guna di masa mendatang.
Jakarta, Januari 2007
Penulis
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Daftar Isi
Halaman Judul Luar .......................................................................................................... i Halaman Judul Dalam ...................................................................................................... ii Halaman Persetujuan Hardcover .................................................................................... iii Halaman Pernyataan Dewan Penguji .............................................................................. iv Abstrak ............................................................................................................................. v Prakata............................................................................................................................. vi Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................................... viii Daftar Tabel .................................................................................................................. xiv Daftar Gambar.............................................................................................................. xvii Daftar Lampiran ............................................................................................................. xx BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1 1.2. Ruang Lingkup......................................................................................... 3 1.3. Tujuan dan Manfaat ................................................................................. 3 1.4. Metodologi ............................................................................................... 4 1.5. Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 5 BAB 2. LANDASAN TEORI 2.1. Teknologi Informasi................................................................................. 7 2.2. Konsep Dasar Sistem Informasi............................................................... 7 2.3. Konsep Database ..................................................................................... 8 2.4. Pengertian On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) ........................... 10 2.5. Pengertian On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) .............................. 10
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2.6. Konsep Data Warehouse ....................................................................... 11 2.6.1. Pengertian Data Warehouse......................................................... 11 2.6.2. Karakteristik Data Warehouse..................................................... 13 2.6.2.1. Subject-Oriented .............................................................. 14 2.6.2.2. Time-Variant .................................................................... 14 2.6.2.3. Integrated ......................................................................... 14 2.6.2.4. Non volatile ...................................................................... 14 2.6.2.5. Detailed and Summarized ................................................ 15 2.6.3. Data Warehouse VS Database Operasional ................................ 15 2.6.4. Struktur Data Warehouse............................................................. 16 2.6.4.1. Current Detail Data ......................................................... 18 2.6.4.2. Older Detail Data ............................................................ 18 2.6.4.3. Summarized Data ............................................................. 18 2.6.4.4. Metadata .......................................................................... 19 2.6.5. Pengertian Data Mart................................................................... 23 2.6.6. Arsitektur Data Warehouse ......................................................... 24 2.6.7. Anatomi Data Warehouse............................................................ 24 2.6.7.1. Data Warehouse Fungsional ............................................ 24 2.6.7.2. Data Warehouse Terpusat................................................ 26 2.6.7.3 Data Warehouse Terdistribusi ......................................... 27 2.6.8. Kegunaan Data Warehouse ......................................................... 28 2.6.9. Analisis Matriks ........................................................................... 30 2.6.10. Skema Bintang ........................................................................... 32
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2.6.10.1. Pengertian Skema Bintang ............................................. 32 2.6.10.2. Keuntungan Skema Bintang........................................... 32 2.6.10.3. Perancangan Skema Bintang.......................................... 33 2.6.10.3.1. Tabel Fakta..................................................... 33 2.6.10.3.2. Tabel Dimensi ................................................ 33 2.6.10.4. Langkah-Langkah Dalam Mendesain Skema Bintang... 34 2.6.10.5. Jenis-Jenis Skema Bintang............................................. 35 2.6.10.5.1. Skema Bintang Sederhana ............................. 35 2.6.9.10.2. Skema Bintang Majemuk................................ 36 2.6.9.10.3. Skema Snowflake ............................................ 37 2.6.11. Relational Modelling VS Multidimensional Modelling............... 38 2.6.12. Agregasi ....................................................................................... 40 2.6.13. Denormalisasi............................................................................... 40 2.7. State Transition Diagram (STD) ............................................................. 41 2.8. Analisis Critical Succes Factor (CSF) .................................................... 42 2.9. Pengertian Pembelian............................................................................... 43 2.10. Pengertian Persediaan ............................................................................ 44 2.10.1 Alasan Memiliki Persediaan ....................................................... 44 BAB 3 ANALISA SISTEM YANG BERJALAN 3.1. Organisasi Perusahaan ............................................................................. 46 3.1.1. Latar Belakang Perusahaan .......................................................... 46 3.1.2. Visi dan Misi Perusahaan............................................................. 47 3.1.3. Struktur Organisasi ...................................................................... 48 3.1.4. Wewenang dan Tanggung Jawab................................................. 49 x
3.2. Sistem yang Berjalan................................................................................ 59 3.3. Teknologi Informasi PT Samafitro .......................................................... 60 3.3.1. Perangkat Keras ........................................................................... 60 3.3.2. Piranti Lunak................................................................................ 61 3.4. Analisis Perancangan dan Perencanaan ................................................... 61 3.4.1. Subyek Data ................................................................................. 61 3.4.2. Analisis Fungsi Bisnis.................................................................. 62 3.4.3. Analisis Matriks ........................................................................... 63 3.4.3.1. Matriks Unit Organisasi VS Subyek Data .................... 63 3.4.3.2. Matriks Fungsi Bisnis VS Unit Organisasi ................... 65 3.4.3.3. Matriks Fungsi Bisnis VS Subyek Data........................ 68 3.4.3.4. Matriks Fungsi Bisnis VS Aplikasi............................... 69 3.4.3.5. Matriks Subyek Data VS Aplikasi ................................ 69 3.4.4. Analisis Critical Success Factor.................................................. 69 3.4.5. Analisis Kebutuhan Data dan Informasi ...................................... 70 3.5. Identifikasi Masalah dan Pemecahan Masalah ........................................ 73 3.4.1. Masalah yang dihadapi................................................................. 73 3.4.2. Pemecahan masalah ..................................................................... 74 BAB 4 RANCANGAN DATA WAREHOUSE YANG DIUSULKAN 4.1. Arsitektur Data Warehouse..................................................................................... 76 4.2. Rancangan Data Warehouse .................................................................... 77 4.2.1.Metadata ....................................................................................... 79 4.2.2.Transformasi Data......................................................................... 94 4.2.3. Rancangan Skema Bintang .......................................................... 96 xi
4.2.3.1. Skema Bintang Gabungan............................................. 96 4.2.3.2. Skema Bintang Pembelian ............................................ 97 4.2.3.3. Skema Bintang Persediaan............................................ 98 4.2.4. Tabel User VS Aplikasi Data Warehouse ................................... 99 4.2.5. Struktur Menu .............................................................................. 99 4.2.6. State Transition Diagram (STD) ............................................... 102 4.2.7. Prototipe Aplikasi Data Warehouse .......................................... 108 4.2.8. Spesifikasi Proses....................................................................... 124 4.2.8.1. Spesifikasi Proses Login ............................................. 124 4.2.8.2. Spesifikasi Proses Grafik Persediaan .......................... 124 4.2.8.3. Spesifikasi Proses Grafik Pembelian .......................... 125 4.2.8.4. Spesifikasi Proses Data Transformation Services....... 125 4.2.8.5. Spesifikasi Proses Membuat Laporan ......................... 125 4.2.8.6. Spesifikasi Proses Change Password .......................... 126 4.2.8.7. Spesifikasi Proses Add User ....................................... 126 4.2.8.8. Spesifikasi Proses Load Laporan ................................ 127 4.3. Rancangan Implementasi ....................................................................... 127 4.3.1. Dukungan Perangkat Keras........................................................ 127 4.3.2. Dukungan Piranti Lunak ............................................................ 127 4.4. Analisis Kapasitas Media Penyimpanan ................................................ 128 4.5. Analisis Pertumbuhan Data.................................................................... 130 4.6. Analisis Manfaat .................................................................................... 131 4.7. Jadwal Rencana Implementasi ............................................................... 132 4.8. Evaluasi .................................................................................................. 133 xii
BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1. Simpulan ................................................................................................ 134 5.2. Saran....................................................................................................... 135 DAFTAR PUSTAKA RIWAYAT HIDUP LAMPIRAN FOTOCOPY SURAT SURVEI FOTOCOPY SURAT WAWANCARA
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Daftar Tabel
Tabel 2.1
Tabel Perbandingan Database Operasional dengan Data Warehouse ..... 15
Tabel 2.2
Perbandingan Relational Modelling VS Multidimentional Modelling ..... 38
Tabel 3.1
Tabel Subyek Data .................................................................................... 62
Tabel 3.2
Tabel Fungsi Bisnis................................................................................... 63
Tabel 3.3
Matriks Unit Organisasi vs Subyek Data .................................................. 64
Tabel 3.4
Matriks Fungsi Bisnis vs Unit Organisasi................................................. 66
Tabel 3.5
Matriks Fungsi Bisnis vs Subyek Data ..................................................... 68
Tabel 3.6
Matriks Fungsi Bisnis vs Aplikasi ............................................................ 69
Tabel 3.7
Matriks Subyek Data vs Aplikasi.............................................................. 69
Tabel 3.8
Kebutuhan Informasi Persediaan .............................................................. 72
Tabel 3.9
Kebutuhan Informasi Pembelian............................................................... 73
Tabel 4.1
Tabel Supplier_Part.................................................................................. 79
Tabel 4.2
Tabel Category_Part ................................................................................ 80
Tabel 4.3
Tabel MType_Part ................................................................................... 80
Tabel 4.4
Tabel User_Category ............................................................................... 80
Tabel 4.5
Tabel TypePay ......................................................................................... 81
Tabel 4.6
Tabel City_Part ........................................................................................ 81
Tabel 4.7
Tabel Warehouse...................................................................................... 81
Tabel 4.8
Tabel Employee ........................................................................................ 82
Tabel 4.9
Tabel Customer_Part................................................................................ 82
Tabel 4.10 Tabel Users .............................................................................................. 83 Tabel 4.11 Tabel Master_Part .................................................................................... 83 xiv
Tabel 4.12 Tabel Order_Part...................................................................................... 84 Tabel 4.13 Tabel Purchasing_Order .......................................................................... 85 Tabel 4.14 Tabel Stock_Part ...................................................................................... 86 Tabel 4.15 Tabel Shipping_Part................................................................................. 88 Tabel 4.16 Sumber Data Tabel Dimensi Waktu ......................................................... 89 Tabel 4.17 Hasil Transformasi Tabel Dimensi Waktu................................................ 89 Tabel 4.18 Sumber Data Tabel Dimensi MasterPart .................................................. 90 Tabel 4.19 Hasil Transformasi Tabel Dimensi MasterPart......................................... 90 Tabel 4.20 Sumber Data Tabel Dimensi Supplier ...................................................... 90 Tabel 4.21 Hasil Transformasi Tabel Dimensi Supplier............................................. 91 Tabel 4.22 Sumber Data Tabel Dimensi Warehouse .................................................. 91 Tabel 4.23 Hasil Transformasi Tabel Dimensi Warehouse ........................................ 91 Tabel 4.24 Sumber Data Tabel Dimensi MTypePart.................................................. 92 Tabel 4.25 Hasil Transformasi Tabel Dimensi MTypePart ........................................ 92 Tabel 4.26 Sumber Data Tabel Dimensi TypePay...................................................... 92 Tabel 4.27 Hasil Transformasi Tabel Dimensi TypePay ............................................ 93 Tabel 4.28 Sumber Data Tabel Fakta Pembelian........................................................ 93 Tabel 4.29 Hasil Transformasi Tabel Fakta Pembelian .............................................. 93 Tabel 4.30 Sumber Data Tabel Fakta Persediaan ....................................................... 94 Tabel 4.31 Hasil Transformasi Tabel Fakta Persediaan.............................................. 94 Tabel 4.32 Hubungan User VS Aplikasi Data Warehouse......................................... 99 Tabel 4.33 Analisis Kapasitas Media Penyimpanan Tabel Dimensi Fakta Pembelian................................................................................................ 129
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Tabel 4.34 Analisis Kapasitas Media Penyimpanan Tabel Dimensi Fakta Persediaan ............................................................................................... 130 Tabel 4.35 Analisis Pertumbuhan Data Pembelian................................................... 130 Tabel 4.36 Analisis Pertumbuhan Data Persediaan .................................................. 131 Tabel 4.37 Jadwal Rencana Implementasi ................................................................ 132
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Daftar Gambar
Gambar 2.1
Struktur Data Dalam Data Warehouse .................................................. 17
Gambar 2.2
Data Warehouse Fungsional .................................................................. 25
Gambar 2.3
Data Warehouse Terpusat...................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.4
Data Warehouse Terdistribusi ............................................................... 28
Gambar 2.5
Skema Bintang Sederhana ..................................................................... 36
Gambar 2.6
Skema Bintang Majemuk....................................................................... 37
Gambar 2.7
Skema Snowflake ................................................................................... 38
Gambar 2.8
Simbol State pada STD .......................................................................... 41
Gambar 2.9
Simbol Transisi pada STD ..................................................................... 41
Gambar 2.10
Aksi pada STD ....................................................................................... 42
Gambar 3.1
Struktur Organisasi PT Samafitro .......................................................... 48
Gambar 4.1
Arsitektur Data Warehouse ................................................................... 77
Gambar 4.2
TransformDimPTS................................................................................. 95
Gambar 4.3
TransformFact PTS ................................................................................ 96
Gambar 4.4
Skema Bintang Gabungan...................................................................... 96
Gambar 4.5
Skema Bintang Pembelian ..................................................................... 97
Gambar 4.6
Skema Bintang Persediaan..................................................................... 98
Gambar 4.7
Struktur Menu File ................................................................................. 99
Gambar 4.8
Struktur Menu View............................................................................. 100
Gambar 4.9
Struktur Menu Setting.......................................................................... 101
Gambar 4.10
Struktur Menu Window ....................................................................... 101
Gambar 4.11
STD Halaman Login ............................................................................ 102 xvii
Gambar 4.12
STD Halaman Utama ........................................................................... 102
Gambar 4.13
STD Halaman File ............................................................................... 103
Gambar 4.14
STD Halaman Load Laporan ............................................................... 103
Gambar 4.15
STD Halaman Save Laporan................................................................ 104
Gambar 4.16
STD Halaman Data Transformation Service ....................................... 104
Gambar 4.17
STD Halaman Export To Excel ........................................................... 104
Gambar 4.18
STD Halaman View ............................................................................. 105
Gambar 4.19
STD Halaman Buat Laporan Baru ....................................................... 106
Gambar 4.20
STD Halaman Laporan Baru Pembelian/ Persediaan .......................... 106
Gambar 4.21
STD Halaman Setting .......................................................................... 106
Gambar 4.22
STD Halaman Change Password ......................................................... 107
Gambar 4.23
STD Halaman Add User ...................................................................... 107
Gambar 4.24
STD Halaman Window ........................................................................ 108
Gambar 4.25
Rancangan Splash Screen .................................................................... 108
Gambar 4.26
Rancangan Layar Login ....................................................................... 109
Gambar 4.27
Rancangan Layar Halaman Utama....................................................... 109
Gambar 4.28
Rancangan Layar Menu File ................................................................ 110
Gambar 4.29
Rancangan Layar Submenu Data Transformation Services................. 111
Gambar 4.30
Rancangan Layar Data Transformation Services................................. 112
Gambar 4.31
Rancangan Layar Menu View.............................................................. 113
Gambar 4.32
Rancangan Layar Submenu Buat Laporan Baru.................................. 114
Gambar 4.33
Rancangan Layar Buat Laporan Baru .................................................. 114
Gambar 4.34
Rancangan Layar Laporan Baru Pembelian......................................... 115
Gambar 4.35
Rancangan Layar Pivot Tabel .............................................................. 116 xviii
Gambar 4.36
Rancangan Layar Grafik ...................................................................... 117
Gambar 4.37
Rancangan Layar Submenu Laporan Pembelian ................................. 118
Gambar 4.38
Rancangan Layar Submenu Laporan Persediaan................................. 119
Gambar 4.39
Rancangan Layar Grafik Pembelian .................................................... 120
Gambar 4.40
Rancangan Layar Menu Setting ........................................................... 121
Gambar 4.41
Rancangan Layar Submenu Change Password .................................... 122
Gambar 4.42
Rancangan Layar Submenu Add User ................................................. 122
Gambar 4.43
Rancangan Layar Menu Window......................................................... 123
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Daftar Lampiran
Gambar L.1
Layar Splash Screen .................................................................................L1
Gambar L.2
Layar Login ..............................................................................................L1
Gambar L.3
Layar Utama .............................................................................................L2
Gambar L.4
Layar Menu Load Laporan .......................................................................L2
Gambar L.5
Layar Load Laporan..................................................................................L3
Gambar L.6
Layar Menu Save Laporan ........................................................................L3
Gambar L.7
Layar Save Laporan ..................................................................................L4
Gambar L.8
Layar Menu Data Transformation Services ..............................................L4
Gambar L.9
Layar Data Transformation Services ........................................................L5
Gambar L.10 Layar Menu Print Preview ........................................................................L5 Gambar L.11 Layar Print Preview...................................................................................L6 Gambar L.12 Layar Menu Export to Excel .....................................................................L6 Gambar L.13 Layar Export to Excel Layar .....................................................................L7 Gambar L.14 Layar Menu Buat Laporan Baru ...............................................................L7 Gambar L.15 Layar Buat Laporan Baru..........................................................................L7 Gambar L.16 Layar Laporan Baru – Laporan Pembelian ...............................................L8 Gambar L.17 Layar Pivot Tabel Laporan Baru – Laporan Pembelian ...........................L8 Gambar L.18 Layar Menu Graph ....................................................................................L9 Gambar L.19 Layar Graph ..............................................................................................L9 Gambar L.20 Layar SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Produk .......................L9 Gambar L.21 Layar Pivot Tabel SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Produk..L10 Gambar L.22 Layar Graph – Pilih Measure ..................................................................L10 xx
Gambar L.23 Layar Graph Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Produk...........................L11 Gambar L.24 Layar SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Jenis Produk ............L11 Gambar L.25 Layar Pivot Tabel SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Jenis Produk .....................................................................................................L12 Gambar L.26 Layar Graph Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Jenis Produk..................L12 Gambar L.27 Layar SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Supplier ...................L13 Gambar L.28 Layar Pivot Tabel SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan SupplierL13 Gambar L.29 Layar Graph Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Supplier.........................L14 Gambar L.30 Layar SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Gudang ....................L14 Gambar L.31 Layar Pivot Tabel SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Gudang L15 Gambar L.32 Layar Graph Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Gudang..........................L15 Gambar L.33 Layar SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Jenis Bayar ..............L16 Gambar L.34 Layar Pivot Tabel SubMenu Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Jenis Bayar .......................................................................................................L16 Gambar L.35 Layar Graph Laporan Pembelian Berdasarkan Jenis Bayar....................L17 Gambar L.36 Layar SubMenu Laporan Persediaan Berdasarkan Produk.....................L17 Gambar L.37 Layar Pivot Tabel SubMenu Laporan Persediaan Berdasarkan Produk .L18 Gambar L.38 Layar Graph Laporan Persediaan Berdasarkan Produk ..........................L18 Gambar L.39 Layar SubMenu Laporan Persediaan Berdasarkan Jenis Produk............L19 Gambar L.40 Layar Pivot Tabel SubMenu Laporan Persediaan Berdasarkan Jenis Produk ............................................................................................. yupeL19 Gambar L.41 Layar Graph Laporan Persediaan Berdasarkan Jenis Produk .................L20 Gambar L.42 Layar SubMenu Laporan Persediaan Berdasarkan Gudang....................L20 Gambar L.43 Layar Pivot Tabel SubMenu Laporan Persediaan Berdasarkan Gudang L21 xxi
Gambar L.44 Layar Graph Laporan Persediaan Berdasarkan Gudang .........................L21 Gambar L.45 Layar Menu Grafik Pembelian................................................................L22 Gambar L.46 Layar Grafik Pembelian ..........................................................................L22 Gambar L.47 Layar Menu Grafik Persediaan ...............................................................L23 Gambar L.48 Layar Grafik Persediaan..........................................................................L23 Gambar L.49 Layar Menu Change Password ...............................................................L23 Gambar L.50 Layar Change Password..........................................................................L24 Gambar L.51 Layar Menu Add User.............................................................................L24 Gambar L.52 Layar Add User .......................................................................................L24 Gambar L.53 Layar Menu Window - Cascade..............................................................L25 Gambar L.54 Layar Window Cascade ..........................................................................L25 Gambar L.55 Layar Menu Window – Tile Horizontally...............................................L25 Gambar L.56 Layar Window Horizontally ...................................................................L26 Gambar L.57 Layar Menu Window – Tile Vertically...................................................L26 Gambar L.58 Layar Window Vertically........................................................................L27 Gambar L.59 Layar Menu Log Out...............................................................................L27 Gambar L.60 Layar Menu Exit .....................................................................................L27
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