TI10T1: KONSEP TEKNOLOGI

Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB

TI10T1: KONSEP TEKNOLOGI Evolusi dan pengertian teknologi

www.lspitb.org ©2004


Hasil Pembelajaran •

Mahasiwa mengetahui lingkup (jenis dan klasifikasi) teknologi dan upaya pemeringkatan (tingkat) teknologi.

• • Tugas 3: Tugas Kelompok. Dikumpulkan satu hari sebelum kuliah minggu depan, sebelum jam 13:00. Dikumpulkan di Tata Usaha, Departemen Teknik Industri.

TI10T1: Konsep Teknologi - 03

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EVOLUSI DAN PENGERTIAN TEKNOLOGI • • • •

Perubahan Masyarakat & Perkembangan Teknologi Definisi Teknologi Teknologi, Sains & Enjinering Siklus Hidup Teknologi

Jenis & Klasifikasi Teknologi Tingkat Teknologi


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TIPE TEKNOLOGI • • • • • •

Materials Technology Production Technology Transportation Technology Testing Technology Processing Technology Machining Technology


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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (UNIDO) a. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam peralatan b. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam produk c. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam proses d. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam operasi


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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (KHALIL) (1) •

New technology: new introducted or implemented technology (explicit impact on the way a company produces products or provides services)

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Emerging technology: not yet fully commercialed but will become so within about five year

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High technology: refers to advanced or sophisticated technologies


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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (KHALIL) (2) •

Low technology: refers to technologies that have permated large segments of human society

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Medium technology: refers to mature technologies

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Appropriate technology: used to indicate a good match between the technology utilized and the resources required for its optimal use


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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (3) BERDASARKAN UNSUR

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Unsur: proses-proses teknis yang terdapat secara khusus pada sesuatu bidang

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Lima Unsur Teknologi:

(1) Tecnology of energy conversion and utilization:

Major types of energy useful to man Devices & techniques for the utilization of energy Devices for energy conversion Devices for energy concentration & control Devices for unlimited production of energy TI10T1: Konsep Teknologi - 03

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(2) Technology of tools & machines Hand tools Machines & machine components Machine tools: stationary power-driven machines for shaping & forming parts made of metal or other materials


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(3) Technology of measurement, observation & control Theory of measurement Units & standards of measurement Principles & processes by which instruments of measurement operate Common types of measuring instruments Special instrument & apparatus used in scientific research Major systems of measurement & observation Instrumentation & control systems


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(4) Technology involved in the extraction & conversion of industrial raw materials The world’s physical & biological resources Technology of the extraction industries Primary conversion of raw materials


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(5) Technology of industrial production processes Materials processing: the operations that are used to transform industrial materials from a raw-material state into finished parts or products Metallurgy Materials handling in the production process Technology of packaging


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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (8) BERDASARKAN BIDANG

• Bidang: berbagai kebutuhan manusia, tujuan, barang & jasa yang mendatangkan kemajuan teknologi

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Delapan bidang pokok teknologi:

(1) Construction technology General building construction Construction of civil engineering works Prefabrication & shop fabrication


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(2) Technology of major industries

Principles of organization of work & production Manufacturing industries The fabrication industries The process industries The construction industries The service industries The merchandising & marketing of consumer goods Industrial research & marketing of consumer goods Industrial research & development Technology of industrial safety TI10T1: Konsep Teknologi - 03

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(3) Technology of agriculture & food production

Technology of agriculture Crop farming, Flock & stock farming Technology of hunting & fishing Food processing, Food preservation Techniques for controlling the quality of food Food sources & new product development The history of agriculture


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(4) Transportation technology Roads & highways & their construction Vehicles & devices for transportation across country & roads & highways Rail transportation Stationary conveyance systems Water transportation Air transportation Air - cushion machines


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(5) Technology of information processing & of communications systems

Communication & information theory Calculating devices, Office machines, Computers General information recording devices Sound recording & reproducing devices Information recording by the production of visual image: the technology of photography Information processing Major systems of communication Major system of detection & remote sensing Electronic component & techniques used in communications TI10T1: Konsep Teknologi - 03

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(6) Technology of the urban community

Basic engineering services of the city Technology of the basic social services of the city Technological responses to new urban problems History of city engineering


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(7) Military technology Offensive & defensive delivery & payload systems Logistic systems Purely defensive equipment & systems

(8) Technology of earth & space exploration Techniques & equipment of surface & underground exploration Techniques & equipment of space exploration Techniques & equipment & space exploration


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TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI • Parker (1982): 6 tingkat teknologi yang berhubungan dengan pengembangan produk baru.

Tingkat 1: repetitive, simple & general (craftsmen) Tingkat 6: formulasi unambiguous highly technological goals, new

knowledge, complex systems, sophisticated tools of measurement, analysis of abstract thinking.

• Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol (9 tingkat).


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Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol Orders of Human attribute replaced Automation A(0) None: Lever, screw, pulley, wedge

Examples Hand tools, manual machine

A(1)

Energy: muscles replaced

Powered machine and tools. Whitney’s milling machine

A(2)

Dexterity: self-feeding

Single-cycle automatics

A(3)

Diligence: no feedback

Repeats cycle; open-loop machine control; automatic screw machine; transfer lines

A(4)

Judgment: positional Feedback

Closed loop; numerical control; self-measuring and –adjusting

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Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol Orders of Automation

Human attribute replaced

Examples

A(5)

Evaluation: adaptive control deductive analysis: feedback from the process

Computer control; model of process required for analysis and optimization

A(6)

Learning: by experience

Limited self-programming expert systems

A(7)

Reasoning: exhibits intuition; relates causes from effects

Inductive reasoning; AI

A(8)

Creativeness: performs design unaided

Originality

A(9)

Dominance: supermachine; commands others

Machine is master (Hal from”2001, A Space Odyssey


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Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol


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Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol


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Tugas 3 •

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Berdasarkan pada Tugas 2, diskusikan dan pilih satu permasalahan atau objek teknologi tertentu yang dianggap paling penting. Nyatakan pertimbangan dan manfaat dari teknologi tersebut. Nyatakan dampak negatif yang dapat terjadi dari teknologi tersebut. Tuliskan referensi yang digunakan untuk tugas ini.

Ketentuan: Tugas kelompok. Pada lembar tugas: Nama-nama mahasiswa & NIM. Dikerjakan pada kertas ukuran A4. Dikumpulkan: satu hari sebelum kuliah minggu depan di Tata Usaha, Dept. Teknik Industri.

Penilaian: Keruntutan dalam penjelasannya. Kejelasan dan kerapihan penampilannya. Ketidaksamaan dari teknologi yang dipilih, makin banyak yang sama makin kecil nilainya. Proses diskusi kelompok merupakan hal yang harus dilaporankan. Jumlah halaman dari tugas, makin sedikit makin baik.


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TI10T1: KONSEP TEKNOLOGI

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