SKRIPSI
THE ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE IN DESPICABLE ME MOVIE
By: SATRIA ADITAMA NIM. 2011 32 064
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2015
THE ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE IN DESPICABLE ME MOVIE
SKRIPSI Presented to the University of Muria Kudus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in the Department of English Education
By: SATRIA ADITAMA NIM. 2011 32 064
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2015 iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO: You can take the future, even if you fail. Believe such what you see about the fairy story that everything can be done. To get a success, your courage must be greater than your fear. When someone say your dream is too big, you can say to him that his think is too small.
DEDICATION: This Final Project Dedicated To: My beloved parents My sister and my brothers All of my family My best friends ever (Yusrul, Toriq, Ari, Alvian, Eron)
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ADVISORS’ APPROVAL This is to certify that the Skripsi of Satria Aditama (2011-32-064) has been approved by the skripsi advisors for further approval by the examining committee.
Kudus, July 29th 2015 Advisor I
Titis Sulistyowati, SS, M.P.d NIP. 19810402-200501-2-001
Advisor II
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.P.d NIS. 0610701000001187
Acknowledged by Head of English Education Department,
Diah Kurniati S.Pd, M.Pd NIS. 0610701000001190
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EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL This is to certify that the Skripsi of Satria Aditama (2011-32-064) has been approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree of English Education. Kudus, August 2015 Skripsi Examining Committee:
Titis Sulistyowati, SS, M.P.d, NIP. 19810402-200501-2-001
Chair Person
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.P.d NIS. 0610701000001187
Member
Nuraeningsih, S.Pd. M.Pd. NIS. 0610701000001201
Member
Aisyah Ririn Perwikasih Utari, SS. M.P.d NIS. 0610701000001228
Member
Acknowledged by Head of English Education Department,
Diah Kurniati S.Pd, M.Pd NIS. 0610701000001190
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah thanks to Allah SWT the Almighty who has been bestowing everything to me since the creation of me until this time, and thanks to Him who has been always with me beginning from the title choosing of this skripsi, advisors deciding, references supply, time for consultation management, and even the process of completing this skripsi entitled “The analysis of conversational implicature in the despicable me movie” I realize that my skripsi contribution will never get success without any interference from other people. Therefore, it is my pleasure to acknowledge the following people for their contribution to the writing of this skripsi: 1. Allah SWT the Almighty, the Most Merciful, the Most Gracious, the Everlasting Energy Source, And Eternal Hope. 2. Nabiyyullah Muhammad SAW our Prophet. 3. My beloved parents for their loves and supports me in finishing this skripsi. 4. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty. 5. Diah Kurniati, S. Pd, M.Pd, the Head of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty. 6. Titis Sulistyowati, S.Pd, M.Pd, the first advisor who has given many valuable criticisms, suggestion, and helpful inputs for accomplishing this skripsi. 7. Agung Dwi Nurcahyo ,SS.M.Pd, the second advisor who has given his care, love, advice, and spirit to me, so that I can be able to finish this skripsi.
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8.
All lecturers and staffs of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty.
9. All my incredible friends in UMK (Toriq, Arinal, Yusrul, Eron, Alvian, Titin, Zaen, Aniq). 10. Then, to all my friends that could not mention one by one.
Hopefully, this skripsi will be useful for anyone, who needs information related to this study. The constructive critics and suggestion are expected from all of the readers.
Kudus, July 20th 2015
Satria Aditama,
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ABSTRACT Aditama Satria. 2015. The Analysis of Conversational Implicature in the Despicable Me movie. Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Titis Sulistyowati, SS, M.P.d., (2) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.P.d Key Words: Conversational Implicature, cooperative principles, Flouting Maxims, Implied Meaning. In much of our daily conversation absolutely there are speaker or listener and we guess that they cooperating with each other. However, in some circumstance, a speaker intends to communicate more than is said, that something must be more than just the words mean. It is an additional meaning called conversational implicature. Grice (1975) is expert that firstly tells about the theory of conversational implicature that stated the cooperative principle which consist of four maxims that should be obeyed by the speaker. If the speaker break this rules, that is called the flouting maxims. In addition, the conversational implicatures are caused by the flouting maxims. The writer use Grice’s theory to analyze conversational implicatures related to the flouting maxims and implied meaning in the Despicable Me movie. There are four of maxims; they are quantity, quality, relevance and manner. The purposes of doing this research are to find out (i) the types of conversational implicature in the Despicable Me movie, and (ii) the implied meanings of conversational implicatures in Despicable Me movie. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The writer chose Despicable Me movie because the writer noticed that the utterances produced by the characters contain a lot of implicatures. The data of this research are the maxims and the implied meanings in the conversation among the characters of Despicable Me movie that flouted the conversational maxims based on the Grice Cooperative Principle. The data source in this research is an animation movie entitled Despicable Me. The result shows that the numbers of flouting maxims in the Despicable Me movie are 70 maxims. Those are flouting quantity (16/23%), flouting quality (8/11%), flouting relation (32/46%) and flouting manner (14/20%). Mostly, the implicature or the implied meaning of flouting maxim of quality is to cover up the truth. The implied meaning of flouting maxim of quantity is to emphasize the message. Another words, the implied meaning of flouting maxim of relevance is to disclose certain purpose that particular characteristic. And the implied meaning of flouting maxim of manner is to evoke curiosity.
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ABSTRAK Aditama, Satria. 2015. Analisis Implikatur Percakapan di Dalam Film Despicable Me. Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus. Dosen Pembimbing: (i) Titis Sulistyowati, SS, M.P.d., (ii) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.P.d Kata Kunci: Implikatur Percakapan, Prinsip Kerjasama, Pelanggaran Maksim, Dan Makna Tersirat. Di dalam kebanyakan percakapan sehari- hari kita, yang pasti ada pembicara atau pendengar dan kita mengira bahwa mereka bekerja sama satu sama lain. Namun, dalam beberapa situasi, seorang pembicara bermaksud untuk berkomunikasi lebih dengan apa yang dikatakannya, sesuatu itu pastinya lebih dari apa yang sekedar dimaksudkan. Hal tersebut adalah makna tambahan yang dinamakan implikatur percakapan. Grice (1975) adalah seorang peneliti pertama tentang teori implikatur ini yang mengatakan bahwa prinsip kooperatif yang terdiri dari empat maxim yang harus di taati oleh pembicara. Jika pembicara tidak mematuhi peraturan ini, maka itulah yang disebut dengan pelanggaran makim. Dengan kata lain, implikatur percakapan timbul karena pelanggaran maksim. Penulis menggunakan teorinya Grice untuk menganalisa implikatur percakapan yang berhubungan dengan pelanggaran maksim dan makna tersembunyi di dalam film Despicable Me. Ada empat maksim yaitu maksim kuantitas, kualitas, hubungan dan cara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (i) untuk menemukan tipe- tipe implikatur percakapan di dalam film Despicable Me, dan (ii) makna tersembunyi dari implikatur percakapan di dalam film Despicable Me. Metode penelitian ini adalah pemaparan kualitatif. Penulis memilih film ini karena penulis yakin bahwa ungkapan yang dihasilkan oleh para pemain di dalam film ini mengandung banyak implikatur percakapan. Data penelitian ini adalah pelanggaran maksim dan makna tersembunyi di dalam percakapan antar pemain di film ini berdasarkan Grice teori tentang prinsip kooperatif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah sebuah film animasi yaitu Despicable Me. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pelanggaran maksim di dalam film ini adalah 70 maksim. Semua itu adalah pelanggaran maksim kuantitas berjumlah (16/23%), pelanggaran kualitas (8/11%), pelanggaran hubungan (32/46%) dan pelanggaran cara (14/20%). Kebanyakan implikatur atau makna tersembunyi dari pelanggaran maksim kualitas adalah untuk menutupi kebenaran. Pelangaaran kuantitas untuk menekankan atau memperjelas pesan yang disampaikan. Dengan kata lain, makna tersirat dari pelanggaran maksim hubungan adalah untuk menyingkap tujuan tertentu yang bersifat khusus. Dan makna tersirat dari pelanggaran maksim cara yaitu untuk menimbulkan keingintahuan.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER ........................................................................................................ LOGO ........................................................................................................... TITLE .......................................................................................................... MOTTO AND DEDICATION ................................................................... ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ......................................................................... EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ...................................................................... ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................
i ii iii iv v vi vii ix x xi xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1
Background of Research .....................................................................
1
1.2
Statement of the Problem ....................................................................
4
1.3
Objective of the Research ...................................................................
4
1.4
Significance of the Research ................................................................
5
1.5
Limitation of the Research ...................................................................
6
1.6
Operational Definition..........................................................................
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE 2.1.
Definition of Pragmatics ......................................................................
8
2.2.
Cooperative Principle ...........................................................................
10
2.3.
Kinds of Maxim ...................................................................................
10
2.3.1 Maxim of Quantity ...............................................................................
11
2.3.2 Maxim of Quality .................................................................................
12
2.3.3 Maxim of Relevance ............................................................................
13
2.3.4 Maxim of Manner.................................................................................
14
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2.4.
Non- Observance of Maxim .................................................................
15
2.4.1 Flouting a Maxim .................................................................................
15
2.4.2 Violating a maxim ................................................................................
16
2.4.3 Opting out a maxim..............................................................................
16
2.4.4 Infringing a Maxim ..............................................................................
17
2.4.5 Suspending a Maxim ............................................................................
17
2.5.
The Flouting Maxim of Cooperative Principles...................................
18
2.5.1 The Flouting Maxim of Quantity .........................................................
19
2.5.2 Flouting Maxim of Quality ..................................................................
20
2.5.3 Flouting Maxim of Relevance..............................................................
21
2.5.4 Flouting the Maxim of Manner ............................................................
22
2.6.
Speech Events ......................................................................................
24
2.7.
Implicature ...........................................................................................
27
2.7.1 Conversational Implicature ..................................................................
28
2.7.2 The Flouting of Cooperative Principles As a Source Of Convertational Implicature ..........................................................................................
31
Despicable Me Movie ..........................................................................
32
2.8.1. The Synopsis of Despicable Me Movie ...............................................
33
2.9.
Review of Previous Research...............................................................
35
2.10. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................
37
2.8.
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1
Design of the Research.........................................................................
39
3.2
Data and Data Source ...........................................................................
40
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3.3
Technique of Collecting Data ..............................................................
41
3.4
Technique of Analyzing Data ..............................................................
42
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH 4.1
Research Finding..................................................................................
45
4.1.1 The Types of Maxims are Flouted in the Despicable Me Movie.........
45
4.1.2 The Implied Meaning of Flouting Maxim in the Despicable Me Movie ...................................................................................................
63
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION OF THE RESEARCH 5.1
The Types of Flouting Maxims Found in the Despicable Me Movie .. 82
5.1.1 The Flouting Maxim of Quantity ......................................................... 82 5.1.2 The Flouting Maxim of Quality ........................................................... 85 5.1.3 The Flouting Maxim of Relevance....................................................... 87 5.1.4 The Flouting Maxim of Manner........................................................... 89 5.2
The Implied Meanings of Flouting Maxim in the Despicable Me Movie ................................................................................................... 92
5.2.1
The Implied Meanings of Quantity ..................................................... 92
5.2.2 The Implied Meanings of Quality ........................................................ 93 5.2.3 The Implied Meanings of Relevance.................................................... 93 5.2.4 The Implied Meanings of Manner........................................................ 94 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1
Conclusion............................................................................................ 95
6.2
Suggestion ............................................................................................ 96
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REFERENCES .............................................................................................. APPENDIX i .................................................................................................. APPENDIX II ................................................................................................ STATEMENT ................................................................................................ CURRICULUM VITAE ...............................................................................
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98 100 112 184 187
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
Table 3.1 the Example of Flouting Maxims in Despicable Me movie ......
43
Table 3.2 the Example of Implied Meanings in Despicable Me movie.......... 44 Table 4.1 the Flouting Maxims Found in the Despicable Me Movie ..........
46
Table 4.2 The Implied Meaning of Flouting Maxim in the Despicable Me Movie ...........................................................................................
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