AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE OF NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE GUESTS IN CNN INTERVIEW SCRIPT
By M. SOLICHUL HUDA NIM 200932276
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013
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AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE OF NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE GUESTS IN CNN INTERVIEW SCRIPT
SKRIPSI Presented to the University of Muria Kudus in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in the Department of English Education
By: Mohammad Solichul Huda NIM 2009-32-276
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
“When you can’t get the miracle, you still have a chance to be miracle for someone else (Nick Vujicic)”
“Learn from the past, plan for the future by focusing on today.”
“A man without education is a like bird without direction”
DEDICATION: I dedicate this research to:
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Allah SWT
My beloved parents
My beloved brothers
My beloved bestfriend
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, the writer would like to thank to ALLAH SWT who gives His strength and ability to conduct and to finish the study. The writer realizes that without His help, it would not be possible for the writer to finish the study. On this occasion, the writer also thank to Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty for the opportunity and facilities that given to me till the end of my study in this faculty. The writer also wants to give his sincere gratitude to Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd as a Head of English Education Department for her time to give me an explaination in doing this research. And also
Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd as the first advisor and
Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd as the second advisor who have given correction, guidance, time, advice, and patience during the process of completing this research. He also gives many thanks to all lectures of Muria Kudus University who have given a lot of knowledge and inspiration for the writer to move forward. Lastly, the writer gives thanks to his parents, his close friend who always support him, and all of the people who help him to accomplish his research The writer realizes that this thesis still far from being perfect. The still need any suggestion or criticism to this writing is very helpful for the improvement of the writing. Kudus, September 2013 Mohammad Solichul Huda
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ABSTRACT
Huda, Muhammad Solichul. 2013. Analysis of Conversational Implicature Native and Non Native Guests in CNN Interview Script. Skripsi.English Education Department Teacher Training And Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor: (1) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd (2) Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd Key words: Conversational Implicature, Cooperative Principle, Flouting Maxims Communication is needed in this social life. Since communication happened naturally there can be miscommunication and misinterpretation. According to Grice (1975), people should obey those maxims in order to have an effective communication without any miscommunication. In fact, people sometimes flout the maxims There is Cooperative Principle which provide some rules for conversation. It controls the participants in doing conversation. So, the conversation works in cooperative and polite way. This conversation mechanism is explained in four maxim, they are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. This skripsi anlyzes what kind of maxims are used by native and non native guests in CNN Interview Script, and then what kinds of maxims are flouted by native and non native Guests in CNN Interview script and the last is to compare the comparison between native and non native in using and flouting the cooperative principle. This skripsi is qualitative descriptive research. The data are written text which contains maxims are used and flouted by native and non native guests. And then the data sources is transcript of conversation between native and non native guests in CNN Interview Script. The result shows that all types of maxims of cooperative principle are used in the dialogues found in CNN interview script with the guests Ellen DeGeneres (Native) and Yasushi Akimoto (Non Native) are the entire cooperative principle maxim; they are the maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. The total number of using maxim by native gueats are, First, using maxim of quantity is fifty seven. Second, using maxim of quality is eighty five. Thirth, using maxim of relevance is seventy eight. And the last using maxim og manner is eighty three. The total number of using maxim by non native gueats are, First, using maxim of quantity is twelve. Second, using maxim of quality is twenty. Thirth, using maxim of relevance is twenty. And the last using maxim og manner is twenty one. Both of the guests also flouted by the maxims. The total number of flouting maxim by native guest. First, Flouting maxim of quantity is twenty nine. Second, flouting maxim of Quality is two. Third, the flouting of relevant is eight. The last, flouting viii
maxim of Manner is three. And The total number of flouting maxim by non native guest. Firs, Flouting maxim of quantity is nine. Second, flouting maxim of Quality is one. Third, the flouting of relevant is one. The last, flouting maxim of Manner is zero. All of the guests doing their conversation cooperatively, because the total number in using four maxims is higher than flouted cooperative principle. It means that the guests gave information in CNN Interview as required, true, relevance to the topic and did not ambigue. The writer suggest the reader to understand the cooperative principle deeply to make their conversation successfully.
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ABSTRAK
Huda, Muhammad Solichul. 2013.Analisis makna yang tersembunyi dalam percakapan dari tamu native dan bukan native dalm interview di CNN. Skripsi.Pendidikan Bahasa Ingris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Muria Kudus University. Pembimbing: (1) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd (2) Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd Kata Kunci: Implicatur Percakapan, Prinsip Kerjasama, Pelanggaran maksim Komunikasi dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan social. Selama komunikasi berlangsung ada kemungkinan adanya miskomunikasi dan misinterpretasi. Menurut Grice (1975), Orang-orang harus mematuhi beberapa maksim supaya komunikasi dapat efektif. Tapi faktanya, orang-orang kadang masih melanggar maksim. Ada Prinsip kerjasama yang menyediakan cara dalam perrcakapan. Ini dapat mengontrol partisipan dalam percakapan. Jadi, percakapan dapat berlangsung secara lancar dan dengan cara yang sopan. Mekanisme percakapan dijelaskan dalam empat maksim yaitu maksim kwantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan dan maksim cara. Skripsi ini menganalisis tentang jenis-jenis maksim yang dipakai oleh tamu native dan non native di script Interview CNN. Lalu menganalisis jenis-jenis maksim yang dilanggar oleh tamu native dan bukan native di script interview CNN dan yang terakhir menganalisis perbandingan antara tamu native dan bukan native dalam menggunakan dan melanggar maksim. Skripsi ini adalah penelitian descriptive kualitatif. Data yang diambil yaitu teks tertulis yng berisi maksim yang diapakai dan dilanggar oleh tamu native dan bukan native. Dan sumber datanya adalah transkrip percakapan antara tamu native dan non native di sxript CNN Interview. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua jenis maksim prinsip kerjasama dipakai dalam script dialog interview di CNN dengan tamu Ellen DeGeneres (Native) dan Yasushi Akimoto (Non Native) yaitu maksim kwantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan dan maksim cara. Total maksim yang digunakan oleh tamu native yaitu, Pertama, penggunaan maksim kuantitas adalah lima puluh sembilan. Kedua, penggunaan maksim kualitas adalah delapan puluh lima. Ketiga, penggunaan maksim relevan adalah tujuh puluh delapan. Dan yang terakhir penggunaan maksim cara adalah delapan puluh tiga. Total maksim yang digunakan oleh tamu bukan native yaitu, Pertama, penggunaan maksim kuantitas adalah dua belas. Kedua, penggunaan maksim kualitas adalah dua puluh. Ketiga, penggunaan maksim relevan adalah dua puluh. Dan yang terakhir penggunaan maksim cara adalah dua puluh satu. Kedua tamu juga melanggar beberapa maksim. Total
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maksim yang dilangar oleh tamu native yaitu, Pertama, melanggar maksim kwantiti dua puluh tujuh. Kedua, melanggar kualiti dua. Ketiga, melanggar maksim relevan delapan. Dan yang terakhir melanggar maksim cara tiga. Dan Total maksim yang dilangar oleh tamu bukan native yaitu, Pertama, melanggar maksim kwantiti sembilan. Kedua, melanggar kualiti satu. Ketiga, melanggar maksim relevan satu. Dan yang terakhir melanggar maksim cara kosong. Semua tamu menjalankan kerjasama dalam percakapan mereka, karena total pemakaian empat maksim lebih tinggi daripada pelangaran prisip kerjasama. Itu artinya bawa tamu-tamu memberikan informasi di Interview CNN sesuai yang dibutuhka, benar, relevan dengan topic dan tidak ambigue. Penulis menyarankan kepada pembaca untuk memahami prinsip kerjasama lebih dalam untuk membuat percakaan mereka sukses.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page COVER ........................................................................................................ …i LOGO ........................................................................................................... …ii TITLE .......................................................................................................... …iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION ................................................................... …iv ADVISORS’S APPROVAL ....................................................................... ...v EXAMINER’S APPROVAL ...................................................................... ...vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... ...vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. ...viii RINGKASAN .............................................................................................. ...x TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ ...xii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................... ...xvi LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................ ...xvii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Research..........................................................
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1.2 Statement of the Problem ..............................................................
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1.3 Objective of the Research..............................................................
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1.4 Significance of the Research ........................................................
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1.5 Scope of the Research ...................................................................
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1.6 Operational Definition ..................................................................
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CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE 2.1
Pragmatics .................................................................................
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2.1.1 Grice’s Theory of Implicature ..................................................
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2.1.2 Conversational Implicature .......................................................
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2.1.2.1
The Cooperative Principle....................................................
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2.1.2.1.1 Maxim of Quantity ...............................................................
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2.1.2.1.2 Maxim of Quality ................................................................
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2.1.2.1.3 Maxim of Relevance ...........................................................
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2.1.2.1.4 Maxim of Manner ................................................................
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2.1.2.2 The Flouting of Cooperative Principle .....................................
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2.1.2.2.1 Flouting Maxim of Quantity ................................................
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2.1.2.2.2 Flouting Maxim of Quality ..................................................
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2.1.2.2.3 Flouting Maxim of Relevance ..............................................
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2.1.2.2.4 Flouting Maxim of Manner ..................................................
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2.2
CNN ............................................................................................
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2.3
Review of Previous Research ......................................................
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2.4
Theoretical Framework ...............................................................
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CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Design of the Research .......................................................................
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3.2 Data and Data Source .........................................................................
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3.3 Collecting Data ...................................................................................
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3.4 Data Analysis .....................................................................................
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CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH 4.1 Research Finding ................................................................................
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4.1.1 The Kind of Maxims Found in Native and Non Native Guests in CNN Interview Script ......................................................................
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4.1.1.1 Dialogue 1 (Native Guest in CNN Interview) ...............................
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4.1.1.2 Dialogue 2 (Non Native Guest in CNN Interview ........................ 4.1.2
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The Kind of Flouting Maxims Found in Native and Non Native Guests in CNN Interview Script ....................................................
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4.1.2.1 Dialogue 1 (Native Guest in CNN Interview) ...............................
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4.1.2.2 Dialogue 2 (Non Native Guest in CNN Interview) .......................
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4.1.3
The Comparison between Native and Non Native Guests in using and Flouting Cooperative Principle ..................................... 109
4.1.3.1 Table of Comparison ..................................................................... 110 CHAPTER V DISCUSSION 5.1
Kind of maxims used in the Dialogue in CNN Interview Script ..... 111
5.1.1 Maxim of Quantity........................................................................... 111 5.1.2 Maxim of Quality............................................................................. 116 5.1.3 Maxim of Relevance ........................................................................ 119 5.1.4 Maxim of Manner ............................................................................ 121 5.2
Kind of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogue CNN Interview Script... 123
5.2.1 Flouting Maxim of Quantity ............................................................ 123 5.2.2 Flouting Maxim of Quality .............................................................. 126 5.2.3 Flouting Maxim of Relevance ......................................................... 126 5.2.4 Flouting Maxim of Manner .............................................................. 128 5.3
The Comparison between Native and Non Native Guests in using and Flouting Cooperative Principle ................................................. 129
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Table of Comparison........................................................................ 129
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CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1
Conclusion ....................................................................................... 131
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Suggestion ........................................................................................ 133
REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 134 APPENDICES .............................................................................................. 135 STATEMENT............................................................................................... 170 CURRICULUM VITAE .............................................................................. `171
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
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4.1.1 The Kind of Maxims Found in Native and Non Native Guests in CNN Interview Script ....................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.1.1 Dialogue 1 (Native Guest in CNN Interview)………………........... 29 4.1.1.2 Dialogue 2 (Non Native Guest in CNN Interview)…………........... 64
4.1.2 The Kind of Flouting Maxims Found in Native and Non Native Guests in CNN Interview Script ....................................................................................................................... 82 4.1.2.1 Dialogue 1 (Native Guest in CNN Interview) .................................. 82 4.1.2.2 Dialogue 2 (Non Native Guest in CNN Interview) ........................... 98 4.1.3.1 Table of Comparison…………………………………………..........110 5.3.1 Table of Comparison………………………………………….............129
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
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Appendix 1 ................................................................................................... 135 Appendix 2 .................................................................................................... 147
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