DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN.................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN..................................................................................... ii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN .................................................................. iii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................. iv SARI ........................................................................................................................... v ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................. vii KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. xi DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... xix BAB I Pendahuluan 1.1 Latar belakang .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan masalah ............................................................................................... 9 1.3 Tujuan penelitian ................................................................................................ 10 1.4 Manfaat penelitian .............................................................................................. 10 BAB II Kajian Pustaka dan Landasan Teori 2.1 Kajian pustaka ...................................................................................................... 2.2 Landasan teori ...................................................................................................... 2.2.1 Hakikat novel ............................................................................................ 2.2.2.Unsur-unsur novel ..................................................................................... 2.2.2.1 Unsur-unsur intrinsik ...................................................................... 2.2.2.1.1 Tema ....................................................................................... 2.2.2.1.2 Tokoh ...................................................................................... 2.2.2.1.3 Penokohan .............................................................................. 2.2.2.1.4 Latar ........................................................................................ 2.2.2.1.5 Amanat ................................................................................... 2.2.3 Interteks .............................................................................................. 2.2.4 Pengertian kekerasan terhadap anak................................................... 2.2.4.1 Kekerasan fisik ........................................................................... 2.2.4.2 Kekerasan psikis ........................................................................ 2.2.4.3 Kekerasan seksual ..................................................................... 2.2.4.4 Kekerasan verbal 2.2.5 Hakikat psikologi kepribadian Islam ................................................. 2.2.6 Tipologi kepribadian Islam................................................................. 2.2.6.1 Tipologi kepribadian Ammarah....................................................... 2.2.6.2 Tipologi kepribadian Lawwamah .................................................... 2.2.6.3 Tipologi kepribadian Muthmainah .................................................. 2.2.7 Latar Belakang Terjadinya Kekerasan dan Dampak yang Ditimbulkan Terhadap Anak ..................................................................... 2.2.7.1 Latar Belakang Terjadinya Kekerasan Terhadap Anak................... 2.2.7.2 Dampak yang Ditimbulkan dari Kekerasan Terhadap Anak ...........
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12 25 25 26 27 27 28 29 31 32 32 33 36 36 37 39 40 40 46 47 47 47 49
2.2.8 Pintu Terlarang .......................................................................................... 51 2.2.9 Nayla .......................................................................................................... 53 2.2.10 Praktik-Praktik Kekerasan Terhadap Anak Di Lingkungan SMP............ 55 BAB III Metodologi Penelitian 3.1 Tempat dan waktu penelitian ................................................................................ 60 3.2 Jadwal penelitian .................................................................................................. 60 3.3 Pendekatan penelitian ........................................................................................... 61 3.4 Jenis penelitian ..................................................................................................... 62 3.4.1 Langkah Pertama ....................................................................................... 62 3.4.1.1 Metode Deskriptif Analisis ............................................................................. 62 3.4.1.2 Studi Pustaka................................................................................................... 63 3.4.2 Langkah Kedua .................................................................................................. 63 3.4.2.1 Observasi ilmiah ................................................................................ 64 3.5 Metode penelitian ................................................................................................. 64 3.6 Data dan sumber data ........................................................................................... 65 3.6.1 Data .................................................................................................... 65 3.6.2 Sumber data ....................................................................................... 65 3.7 Teknik pengumpulan data .................................................................................... 66 3.8 Validitas data ....................................................................................................... 66 3.9 Teknik analisis data .............................................................................................. 67 3.9.1 Pengadaan data .................................................................................. 68 BAB IV Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan ................................................................. 69 4.1Pembahasan Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel NaylaKarya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Praktik-Praktiknya di Lingkungan SMP 4.1.1 Unsur Intrinsik Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara............ 69 4.1.1.1 Tema ................................................................................................ 69 4.1.1.2 Tokoh............................................................................................... 71 4.1.1.2.1 Tokoh yang Paling Berhubungan Dengan ................................... 71 4.1.1.2.2 Gambir Berhubungan Dengan Bapak .......................................................... 73 4.1.1.2.3 Gambir Berhubungan Dengan Ibu .............................................................. 75 4.1.1.2.4 Gambir Berhubungan Dengan Talyda ......................................................... 76 4.1.1.2.5 Gambir Berhubungan Dengan Ranti............................................................ 77 4.1.1.2.6 Tokoh yang Banyak Membutuhkan Waktu Bercerita ....................... 79 4.1.1.2.7 Tokoh Utama Dilihat dari Judul Cerita...................................... 81 4.1.1.3 Penokohan ....................................................................................... 81 4.1.1.3.1 Gambir ....................................................................................... 82 4.1.1.3.2 Bapak Gambir.............................................................................. 84 4.1.1.3.3 Ibu Gambir................................................................................... 85 4.1.1.3.4 Talyda ........................................................................................... 86 4.1.1.3.5 Ranti ............................................................................................ 88 4.1.1.4 Latar............................................................................................... 89 4.1.1.4.1 Latar Tempat ................................................................................ 89 4.1.1.4.2 Latar Sosial.............................................................................. 90 4.1.1.4.3 Latar Waktu............................................................................. 91
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4.1.1.5 Amanat ............................................................................................ 93 4.1.2 Unsur Intrinsik Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu .......................... 94 4.1.2.1 Tema 94 4.1.2.2 Tokoh 96 4.1.2.2.1 Tokoh yang Paling Berhubungan dengan Tema...................... 96 4.1.2.2.2 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Ibu.................................................................. 97 4.1.2.2.3 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Ayah .............................................................. 98 4.1.2.2.4 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Juli............................................. 99 4.1.2.2.5 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Ibu Lina..................................... 100 4.1.2.2.6 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Ben ............................................ 101 4.1.2.2.7 Tokoh yang Banyak Membutuhkan Waktu Bercerita102 4.1.2.2.8 Tokoh Utama Dilihat dari Judul Cerita .................................. 104 4.1.2.3 Penokohan ...................................................................................... 105 4.1.2.3.1 Nayla............................................................................................................ 105 4.1.2.3.2 Ibu............................................................................................ 107 4.1.2.3.3 Ayah ........................................................................................ 108 4.1.2.3.4 Juli ........................................................................................... 109 4.1.2.3.5 Ibu Lina ................................................................................... 111 4.1.2.3.6 Ben.......................................................................................... 112 4.1.2.4 Latar................................................................................................ 113 4.1.2.4.1 Latar Tempat .......................................................................... 113 4.1.2.4.2 Latar Sosial............................................................................. 115 4.1.2.4.3 Latar Waktu............................................................................ 117 4.1.2.5 Amanat ............................................................................................ 118 4.1.3 Bentuk Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Praktik-Praktiknya di Lingkungan SMP 4.1.3.1 Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang .............. 119 4.1.3.1.1 Kekerasan Fisik ....................................................................... 119 4.1.3.1.2 Kekerasan Psikis...................................................................... 122 4.1.3.1.3 Kekerasan Verbal .................................................................... 124 4.1.3.2 Bentuk Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Nayla ................. 126 4.1.3.2.1 Kekerasan Fisik ...................................................................... 126 4.1.3.2.2 Kekerasan Psikis..................................................................... 127 4.1.3.2.3 Kekerasan Verbal ................................................................... 129 4.1.3.2.4 Kekerasan Seksual.................................................................. 130 4.1.3.3 Praktik-Praktik Kekerasan yang Terjadi di SMP dalam Satu Rayon .................................................................................................. 131 4.1.3.3.1 Kekerasan Fisik ....................................................................... 131 4.1.3.3.2 Kekerasan Psikis...................................................................... 131 4.1.3.3.3 Kekerasan Verbal .................................................................... 132 4.1.3.3.4 Kekerasan Seksual................................................................... 132
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4.1.3.4 Perbandingan Bentuk Kekerasan Terhadap Anak yang Terdapat dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Praktik-Praktiknya di SMP dalam Satu Rayon........................................................................................................... 133 4.1.4 Kepribadian Tokoh dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Praktik-Praktiknya di SMP dalam Perspektif Psikologi Kepribadian Islam 4.1.4.1 Kepribadian Tokoh dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara ...................................................................................................... 134 4.1.4.1.1 Gambir..................................................................................... 134 4.1.4.1.1.1 Kepribadian Ammarah ........................................................ 134 4.1.4.1.1.2 Kepribadian Lawwamah...................................................... 142 4.1.4.1.2 Bapak Gambir.......................................................................... 143 4.1.4.1.2.1 Kepribadian Ammarah....................................................... 143 4.1.4.1.3 Ibu Gambir ............................................................................. 147 4.1.4.1.3.1 Kepribadian Ammarah....................................................... 147 4.1.4.1.3.2 Kepribadian Lawwamah ................................................... 151 4.1.4.1.4 Talyda..................................................................................... 152 4.1.4.1.4.1 Kepribadian Ammarah ...................................................... 152 4.1.4.1.5 Ranti ....................................................................................... 155 4.1.4.1.5.1 Kepribadian Ammarah .................................................... 155 4.1.4.2 Kepribadian Tokoh dalam Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu .............................................................................................................. 160 4.1.4.2.1 Nayla ....................................................................................... 161 4.1.4.2.1.1 Kepribadian Ammarah....................................................... 161 4.1.4.2.2Ibu............................................................................................. 168 4.1.4.2.2.1 Kepribadian Ammarah ...................................................... 168 4.1.4.2.2.2 Kepribadian Lawwamah ................................................... 174 4.1.4.2.3 Ayah ........................................................................................ 174 4.1.4.2.3.1 Kepribadian Lawwamah ................................................... 174 4.1.4.2.4 Juli .......................................................................................... 177 4.1.4.2.4.1 Kepribadian Ammarah....................................................... 177 4.1.4.2.4.2 Kepribadian Lawwamah ................................................... 179 4.1.4.2.5 Ibu Lina .................................................................................. 180 4.1.4.2.5.1 Kepribadian Ammarah ...................................................... 180 4.1.4.2.6 Ben.......................................................................................... 182 4.1.4.2.6.1 Kepribadian Ammarah ...................................................... 182 4.1.4.3 Kepribadian Pelaku dan Korban Praktik-Praktik Kekerasan Terhadap Anak di Lingkungan SMP ........................................................... 183 4.1.4.3.1 Pelaku Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak di Lingkungan SMP ...................................................................................................... 183 4.1.4.3.1.1 Kepribadian Ammarah ...................................................... 184
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4.1.5 Latar Belakang dan Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan pada Peserta Didik di SMP186 4.1.5.1 Latar Belakang Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara ............................ 186 4.1.5.2 Latar Belakang Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu ........................ 189 4.1.5.3 Latar Belakang Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Peserta Didik di SMP..................................................................................... 191 4.1.6 Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan pada Peserta Didik di SMP ................................................................... 193 4.1.6.1 Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara ................................................. 193 4.1.6.1.1 Kekerasan Fisik..................................................................... 193 4.1.6.1.2 Kekerasan Psikis ................................................................... 194 4.1.6.2 Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu.................................................................. 195 4.1.6.2.1 Kekerasan Fisik..................................................................... 196 4.1.6.2.2 Kekerasan Psikis ................................................................... 196 4.1.6.2.3 Kekerasan Seksual ................................................................ 198 4.1.6.3 Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak di SMP ... 198 4.1.6.3.1 Kekerasan Fisik..................................................................... 198 4.1.6.3.2 Kekerasan Psikis .................................................................. 199 4.1.6.3.3. Kekerasan Seksual ............................................................... 200 4.1.6.3.4 Kekerasan Verbal.................................................................. 200 5.1 Hasil Penelitian Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Praktik-Praktiknya di Lingkungan SMP 5.1.1 Unsur Intrinsik Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara............. 201 5.1.1.1 Tema ................................................................................................ 201 5.1.1.2 Tokoh............................................................................................... 202 5.1.1.2.1 Tokoh yang Paling Berhubungan dengan Tema ................... 202 5.1.1.2.2 Gambir Berhubungan dengan Bapak .................................... 203 5.1.1.2.3 Gambir Berhubungan dengan Ibu ......................................... 203 5.1.1.2.4 Gambir Berhubungan dengan Talyda ................................... 204 5.1.1.2.5 Gambir Berhubungan dengan Ranti...................................... 205 5.1.1.2.6 Tokoh yang Paling Banyak Membutuhkan Waktu Bercerita ...................................................................................................... 206 5.1.1.2.7 Tokoh Utama Dilihat dari Judul Cerita................................. 206 5.1.1.3 Penokohan ....................................................................................... 207 5.1.1.3.1 Gambir .................................................................................. 207 5.1.1.3.2 Bapak Gambir ....................................................................... 208 5.1.1.3.3 Ibu Gambir............................................................................ 208 5.1.1.3.4 Talyda ................................................................................... 209
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5.1.1.3.5 Ranti...................................................................................... 210 5.1.1.4 Latar ................................................................................................ 211 5.1.1.4.1 Latar Tempat......................................................................... 211 5.1.1.4.2 Latar Sosial ........................................................................... 211 5.1.1.4.3 Latar Waktu .......................................................................... 211 5.1.1.5 Amanat ............................................................................................ 212 5.1.2 Unsur Intrinsik novel Nayla karya Djenar Maesa Ayu .............................. 213 5.1.2.1 Tema ................................................................................................ 213 5.1.2.2 Tokoh............................................................................................... 213 5.1.2.2.1 Tokoh yang Paling Berhubungan dengan Tema ................... 213 5.1.2.2.2 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Ibu............................................ 214 5.1.2.2.3 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Ayah ........................................ 214 5.1.2.2.4 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Juli ........................................... 215 5.1.2.2.5 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Ibu Lina ................................... 215 5.1.2.2.6 Nayla Berhubungan dengan Ben .......................................... 216 5.1.2.2.7 Tokoh yang Paling Banyak Membutuhkan Waktu Bercerita .......................................................................................................... 216 5.1.2.2.8 Tokoh Utama Dilihat dari Judul Cerita................................. 217 5.1.2.3 Penokohan ....................................................................................... 217 5.1.2.3.1 Nayla..................................................................................... 217 5.1.2.3.2 Ibu ......................................................................................... 218 5.1.2.3.3 Ayah...................................................................................... 218 5.1.2.3.4 Juli......................................................................................... 219 5.1.2.3.5 Ibu Lina................................................................................. 219 5.1.2.3.6 Ben........................................................................................ 220 5.1.2.4 Latar ................................................................................................ 220 5.1.2.4.1 Latar Tempat......................................................................... 220 5.1.2.4.2 Latar Sosial ........................................................................... 221 5.1.2.4.3 Latar Waktu .......................................................................... 222 5.1.2.5 Amanat ............................................................................................ 222 5.1.3 Bentuk Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Praktik-Praktiknya di Lingkungan SMP 5.1.3.1 Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang ............. 223 5.1.3.1.1 Kekerasan Fisik..................................................................... 223 5.1.3.1.2 Kekerasan Psikis ................................................................... 224 5.1.3.1.3 Kekerasan Verbal ................................................................. 225 5.1.3.2 Bentuk Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Nayla .................. 225 5.1.3.2.1 Kekerasan Fisik..................................................................... 225 5.1.3.2.2 Kekerasan Psikis ................................................................... 226 5.1.3.2.3 Kekerasan Verbal.................................................................. 227 5.1.3.2.4 Kekerasan Seksual ................................................................ 228
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5.1.3.3 Praktik-Praktik Kekerasan yang Terjadi di Lingkungan SMP dalam Satu Rayon.............................................................................................. 228 5.1.3.3.1 Kekerasan Fisik..................................................................... 228 5.1.3.3.2 Kekerasan Psikis ................................................................... 228 5.1.3.3.3 Kekerasan Verbal.................................................................. 229 5.1.3.3.4 Kekerasan Seksual ................................................................ 229 5.1.3.4 Perbandingan Bentuk Kekerasan Terhadap Anak yang Terdapat dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Praktik-Praktiknya di SMP dalam Satu Rayon.............................................................................................. 229 5.1.4 Kepribadian Tokoh dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Pelaku di Lingkungan SMP dalam Perspektif Psikologi Kepribadian Islam 5.1.4.1 Kepribadian Tokoh dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang.......................... 230 5.1.4.2 Kepribadian Tokoh dalam Novel Nayla.......................................... 242 5.1.4.3 Kepribadian Pelaku Praktik-Praktik Kekerasan Terhadap Anak di Lingkungan SMP ........................................................................... 250 5.1.5 Latar Belakang dan Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan pada Peserta Didik di SMP 5.1.5.1 Latar Belakang Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang ............................................................ 250 5.1.5.2 Latar Belakang Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Nayla ............................................................................ 251 5.1.5.3 Latar Belakang Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Peserta Didik di SMP .................................................................................. 252 5.1.5.6 Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara dan Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan pada Peserta Didik di SMP.................................... 252 5.1.5.6.1 Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Pintu Terlarang .................................................... 252 5.1.5.6.2 Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak dalam Novel Nayla..................................................................... 254 5.1.5.6.3 Dampak Terjadinya Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak di SMP........................................................................................ 256 BAB V PENUTUP 6.1 Simpulan ............................................................................................................. 257 6.1 Saran .................................................................................................................... 259 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 260
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Tabel jadwal penelitian ..................................................................
60
Tabel 5.1.1 Tabel unsur intrinsik novel Pintu Terlarang Karya Sekar Ayu Asmara ....................................................................................... 201 Tabel 5.1.2 Tabel unsur intrinsik novel Nayla karya Djenar Maesa Ayu .......
213
Tabel 5.1.3 Tabel bentuk kekerasan terhadap anak ........................................
223
Tabel 5.1.4 Tabel kepribadian tokoh ...............................................................
230
Tabel 5.1.5 Tabel latar belakang dan dampak kekerasan ................................
250
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