Status and Roadmap Vehicle Emission Standard

Status and Roadmap Vehicle Emission Standard

Supporting the Implementation and Advancement of Vehicle Emission Policies in Southeast Asia February 23-24, 2016, Opal Room, Crowne Plaza Ortigas Pasig City, Metro Manila, Philippines

Ahmad Safrudin • •

Executive Director KPBB Secretary for Working Group of Vehicular Emissions Standard Development – Ministry of Environment Republic of Indonesia

KPBB Sarinah Building 12th Floor, Jalan MH Thamrin # 11 Jakarta Indonesia 10350 Phone: +62-21-3190 6807 Fax: +62-21-315 3401 e-mail: [email protected], www.kpbb.org

Outline • Background – Air Quality – Vehicular Emission Reduction Strategy – Fuel Quality

• Cost Effective of Emission Reduction • Roadmap Low Emission Vehicle • Conclusion

Air Quality

Modeled using ATMoS dispersion model and WRF meteorological fields

Air Pollution and Its Health Effect Case: Jakarta - 2010 • •

•

Total population of Jakarta is 9,607,787 57.8% of the Jakarta population were suffered by various air pollution-related diseases : – 1,210,581 people suffered by asthmatic bronchiale (compared with 500,000 population founded by Ostro 1994); – 173,487 people with bronchopneumonia; – 2,449,986 with ARI; – 336,273 people with pneumonia; – 153,724 people with COPD, and; – 1,246,130 people with coronary artery diseases. Total direct health cost IDR 38.5 trillions ~ USD 3.1 billions

Maksimum Mean Minimum

Bandung 23.08 11.88 3.79

Jakarta Serpong Yogyakarta Palangkaraya Pekanbaru Semarang Surabaya Ambon Jayapura Bali Makassar 21.71 20.88 48.93 10.32 45.00 23.25 26.38 11.52 7.13 14.74 14.29 13.54 11.96 13.48 4.77 18.60 14.49 16.40 6.16 3.76 9.44 6.35 7.54 1.36 3.51 0.42 6.72 2.12 7.03 3.73 0.98 3.44 1.55

Maksimum Mean Minimum

Bandung Jakarta Serpong Yogyakarta Palangkaraya Pekanbaru Semarang Surabaya Ambon Jayapura Bali Makassar 53.2 73.3 50.1 61.1 25.9 148.6 618.4 51.3 25.4 15.8 31.4 35.5 33.4 46.4 26.0 22.9 12.1 60.8 54.5 29.9 14.7 9.6 22.5 17.5 15.9 27.0 4.4 5.9 6.4 16.7 9.0 13.5 8.4 4.4 7.4 8.3

Bandung Jakarta Serpong Yogyakarta Palangkaraya Pekanbaru Semarang Surabaya Ambon Jayapura Bali Makassar Maksimum 4.85 4.72 3.32 4.31 2.47 4.33 6.17 5.69 2.44 1.82 3.56 3.22 Mean 2.87 3.20 2.21 2.70 1.20 3.04 2.93 3.39 1.79 0.58 2.29 1.83 Minimum 1.16 0.00 0.42 0.64 0.09 1.14 0.38 1.65 1.06 0.17 1.04 0.44

Vehicular Emission Reduction Strategy

Vehicular Emission Reduction Strategy Air Pollution and GHG Control Fuel Quality

Vehicular Emissions

Law Enforcement

Emissions Standard Green Freight and Logistic

Mass Public Transport

TDM

ERP

Traffic and Transport Management

Driving Behaviour

Using of Vehicle

•ULG •Low Sulfur Fuels •Clean & Renewable Fuels •Fuel Economy

Vehicle Technology Speed

•Lower Emission V ehicle •Fuel Economy Vehicle •I/M •Engine Charateristic

Parking Management

Mass Public Transport and NMT

Eco-driving Eco-riding

Vehicular emission control would be implemented as holistic approach: clean fuel/low sulfur fuel, vehicle technology, traffic management, and enforcement.

Fuel Quality

Fuels Types and Its Market Share

AMBON BALIK PAPAN BANDA ACEH BANDAR LAMPUNG BANDUNG BANJARMASIN BEKASI BENGKULU BOGOR DENPASAR DEPOK GORONTALO JAKARTA BARAT JAKARTA PUSAT JAKARTA SELATAN JAKARTA TIMUR JAKARTA UTARA JAMBI JAYAPURA JAYAPURA KENDARI KOTA BATAM KUPANG KUPANG MAKASSAR MALANG MAMUJU MANADO MANOKWARI MATARAM MEDAN PADANG PALANGKA RAYA PALEMBANG PALU PANGKAL PINANG PEKAN BARU PONTIANAK SAMARINDA SEMARANG SORONG SURABAYA SURAKARTA TANGERANG TANJUNG PINANG YOGYAKARTA

Gasoline - Series RON Chart Title

92

91

90

89

88

87

86

85

84

83

2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012


Gasoline - Series Sulfur

600

500

400

300 2005

2006

2007

200 2008

2010

100 2011

2012

0

50


Diesel Fuel 48 - Series Cetane Index

80

70

60

Standar Nasional

40

30

20

10

0 2005

2006

2007

2008

2010

2011

2012

3500


Diesel Fuel 48 - Series Sulfur

4500

4000

Standar

Nasional

3000

2500 2005

2000 2006

2007

1500 2008

2010

1000 2011

2012

500

0 Euro 4 Standard

Gap Fuel Quality and Vehicle Engine Requirement

Regular Gasoline VS Gasoline Spec for Euro 4 Standard 91- 95

88

 Able to be fulfilled BY the arrangement of the MOGAS blending conposition 1

3-7 RON

39 10

Aromatic Content

29 Gap

5,91 4,91

Benzene

1,00

 Able to be fulfilled BY implementing Treating Process Unit Technology

2,47 1,47

Oxygenat e

1,00

200 190

Sulphur RU5

Gap

10

 Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit which able to reduce Sulfur content at the Heavy Naphtha, would be processed further by Platforming Unit 2

Euro4

1. Cause increasing of excess naphtha 5 MBSD, currently excess Naphtha is exported to RU VI Balongan with total 20 MBSD. 2. Light Naphtha could not be the feed for unit NHT, and share the majority Sulfur on MOGAs blending.

Source: Pertamina, processing 2015

Regular Diesel Fuel VS Diesel Fuel Spec for Euro 4 Standard 48

Cetane Number

53

5

2,000

 Diesel Stripper Product (HCU) & LGO (CDU V) is comply to Euro 4 Spec

1950

Sulphur

50

839

 Able to be improved by implementing Treating Process Unit Technology.

833 6

Density at 15 oC

375

345 30

Rec. 95%v

Euro4

 Able to be improved by managing the operational arrangement and blending component of Diesel Fuel. Gap

1. Diesel Fuel Product at RU V is a blending among the components such as LGO & HGO (CDU IV & V), LVGO (HVU II & HVU III), and Diesel Stripper (HCU)

Cost Benefit and Cost Effective Emission Standard

Forecasting of Vehicle number 2030

Best method : ARIMA(1,2,1) Error measure (RMSE) : 232634.60



Best method : Double Exponential Smoothing Error measure (RMSE) : 787400.81

Total population: 19 million cars and 59 million of motor cycles, 2013

Domestic Vehicle Production and Selling 2009 – June 2015

Cost Benefit and Effective 2005-2030 Cost Benefit

Cost Effective

• Implementing Emission Standard/Euro 4 by 2021 (Option 1) would be gain Total Economic Benefit IDR 1,970 T (health cost, production saving and fuel saving). • Acceleration on implementing Euro 4 Standard by 2016 (Option 9) would be improve double Total Economic Benefit to be IDR 3,973 T and cut the cost of emissions reduction by 21.30%.

Roadmap Low Emission Vehicle 1. Current Vehicle Standard: • Euro 2 Standard for Car and Motor Cycle since 2007 • Euro 3 Standard for Motor Cycle (August 2013) • Fuel Economy Standard (2013): – 1 L for min 20 KM and or CO2 emission max 118 gr/KM => LCGC (Fiscal Incentive: Luxury Tax Exemption) – 1 L for 20 - 28 KM and or CO2 emission max 118 – 85 gr/KM => LCEV (Fiscal Incentive: Under Discussion)

2. Conformity of Production: • Annual evaluation mandatory to the emissions standard

3. Policy Dialog on Roadmap Vehicle Emission Standard – Euro 4: • High level meetings • Workshop Consultative meetings in the range on September – December 2013 • Assessment “preparedness of domestic refineries to adopt low sulfur fuel for Euro 4 Standard by 2016 gradually” • Consensus and draft Regulation on Vehicle Emission Standard-Euro 4 Standard (big cities by 2016 and national-wide 2018).

4. Vehicle Emission Standard – Euro 4 by 2016 Gradually: • Base on current capacity of domestic refinery • Start to supply fuels with appropriate quality to support implementation Euro 4 Standard in the big cities (October 2016).

5. Signed MOU Pertamina with partners on Dec 2014: • US$ 25 Billions (Sinopec, JX Nippon Oil and Energy, Saudi Aramco) • 1,04 – 1,68 millions BBL/day of fuels for Euro 4 Standard or higher by 2019/2020.

Conclusion • Air pollution is still threaten and suffer people especially in the urban areas with high density of traffic, with PM as dominant parameter. • Fuel quality is still not comply to vehicle standard, especially Sulfur content . • Need to improve fuel quality with lower Sulfur content, and other appropriate fuel properties to adopt lower emission standardEuro 4. • Consensus to implement Euro 4 Standard gradually would be started in big cities by October 2016, and nationally 2018. • Acceleration program of Vehicle Emission Standard – Euro 4 by 2016 (from 2021/proposal of Ministry of Energy) would be gain double economic benefit (health cost, production saving and fuel saving).

Next Steps 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7.

Escort the availability of fuels which comply to the Euro 4 Standard of Vehicle (the status of low price of crudes is a opportunity). Implement and enforce vehicle emission standard (Euro 4) refer to the approved timeline. Continue to conduct the conformity of production (COP) as annual evaluation of the vehicle emission standard mandatory, and disclose the result. Start to discuss the possibility Euro 6 Standard by 2021. Continue on assisting the new refinery design to be addressed to produce fuels with spec for Euro 6 Standard by 2019/2020. Continue the public campaign on clean fuel and vehicle. Continue to assist with the research, policy dialog, policy draft, as legal drafting as integrated advocacy process.

Thank You KPBB Sarinah Building 12th Floor, Jalan MH Thamrin # 11 Jakarta Indonesia 10350 Phone: +62-21-3190 6807 Fax: +62-21-315 3401 e-mail: [email protected], www.kpbb.org Skype: a_safrudin; [email protected]; 0816897959

HASIL UJI EMISI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TIPE BARU BERPENGGERAK PENYALAAN CETUS API, KATEGORI M, TAHUN 2013

HASIL UJI EMISI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TIPE BARU BERPENGGERAK PENYALAAN CETUS API, KATEGORI M KELAS II, TAHUN 2013

UJI EMISI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TIPE BARU BERPENGGERAK PENYALAAN CETUS API, KATEGORI L, TAHUN 2013

HASIL UJI EMISI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TIPE BARU BERPENGGERAK PENYALAAN KOMPRESI, KATEGORI M, TAHUN 2013

HASIL UJI EMISI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TIPE BARU BERPENGGERAK PENYALAAN KOMPRESI, KATEGORI N, TAHUN 2013

Status and Roadmap Vehicle Emission Standard

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