soul ke an spirituality, mystical meditation, the practise of kejawen

GLOSSARY abangan adat adik (dik) adiluhung AJI (Aliansi Jurnalis Independen)

arak (tuak) Assalamu’alaikum (Wassalamu’alaikum) aurat bacaan liar bapak batin becak cerita (tjerita) dalang dangdut DKJ (Dewan Kesenian Jakarta) dukun (– sakti) Durga durhaka dwifungsi G30S (Gerakan 30 September) FLP (Forum Lingkar Pena) FPI (Front Pembela Islam) gerwani griya hadith (hadis, hadits) haji, hajj halus heteroglossia

hikayat Hyang Widhi ideologim

nominal Muslim influenced by pre-Islamic traditions traditional culture younger sibling (term of address to one younger) (Jv.) ‘precious and exalted’, highly esteemed (principle of evaluation in art) the ‘Alliance of Independent Journalists’ was formed after the government crackdown on media 1994 (palm) wine (Isl.) Peace be unto you (And Peace be unto you) (Isl.) parts of body that should be covered ‘unauthorized literature’, colonial label for texts in low Malay father soul ke–an spirituality, mystical meditation, the practise of kejawen pedicab story, tale – pendek (cerpen) short story tukang – teller of tales (craftsman of tales) puppeteer and narrator in wayang indigenous popular music the Jakarta Art Council (wise) healer, shaman Hindu goddess of life, death and wisdom treacherous, subordinate the dual function of Indonesia’s military extending into the civilian hierarchy ‘The 30 September Movement’ of the coup 1965 ‘Forum for Writing’, Muslim umbrella organisation for local FLP writing clubs ‘Islam Defenders’ Front’, rightwing organisation acronym for Gerakan Wanita, the Communist women’s organisation (Bali) the area and houses where the Brahmin high caste resides (Isl.) stories about the Prophet that are guiding in religious questions (Isl.) Mecca pilgrim, the pilgrimage refined, delicate roh, makhluk – spirit, supernatural being (Gr.) ‘other tongue’. The context bound condition that governs the operation of meaning in any utterance (Bakhtin) classic Malay tale in manuscript (Bali) God, the almighty (Ru.) semiotic system of ideas. Every speaker is

TJERITA AND NOVEL IN POST NEW ORDER INDONESIA

ilmu Indo jahanam Jawi jihad jilbab jin joged kasar kampung kawula-gusti kejawen kenanga keterbukaan (Keterbukaan) kiai, kiayi kodrat KKN (Korupsi, Kolusi, Nepotisme) KNIL (Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger) koran (not Koran!) lakon Lekra (Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat) Lubang Buaya Mahabharata malu Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Manikebu Mas moksa musyawarah nyai Pak (of Bapak) Pancasila pawang peci pendekar Penembak misterius (Petrus) Pembangunan

an ideologue and every utterance is an ideologim (Bakhtin). At its extreme it is the ‘ideological environment’ knowledge, also mystical of mixed origin, Eurasian a hell mentioned in the Koran Arabic-Persian (Malay) alphabet (Isl.) effort, struggle for Islam veil supernatural beings folksy sensual dance or just dance coarse, rude village or block, neighbourhood (Jv.) servant-lord system and ideology Javanese religion and mysticism a beautiful flower, Jero – (Bali) Sudra woman married into a Brahmin family openness (the period of openness initiated in 1989) Islamic teacher (Isl.) traditional Javanese domesticated Islamic notion: nature, character Corruption, Collusion, Nepotism the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, established by royal decree in 1830 newspaper episode of wayang the Institute for People’s Art Crocodile Hole, the well where the six murdered generals were thrown (G30S) the Indian epic shy, embarrassment, shame ke–an genitals Indonesian Council of Islamic Scholars acronym for the cultural manifest of 1963 (Jv.) familiar form of address to males, also to husband and sibling (Jv.) disappear into the void after meditation, the goal of mysticism deliberation native mistress of European man form of address to an older or respected male ‘Five Principles’, the ideological foundation of the Indonesian state animal tamer, mystic a rimless cap, usually black martial arts man ‘The mysterious shooters’ (covert campaign against gangsters c. 1983-84) the national development program, divided into five-year plans (Replita) 280

GLOSSARY

Peranakan perawan pesantren PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia) preman priyayi rasa reformasi remaja ronggeng salehah (saleh) santet santri ksatria (satria, satrya) sastra soeda terdjadi (tjerita yang soeda terdjadi, tjerita yang betoel soeda kedjadian) surau syair (old spelling = sair) syariat (syariah) tasawuf ta’wil tauhid tepa selira tuak ustad (z) warung wayang (– kulit) (or wayang purwa) zikir

Indies born or of mixed origin virgin ke–an virginity Islamic boarding school the Indonesian Communist Party gangster the ruling class in Javanese society, aristocracy, officialdom feeling (in Java also the sense of feeling) the era of reform following the fall of the New Order 1998 adolescent, youth sensual Javanese dance pious female (pious) sorcery, black magic, tukang – sorcerer orthodox Muslim the noble caste literature, – wangi ‘fragrant literature’, – majalah/– koran magazine/newspaper literature lit. has occurred. In this work short for the subtitle ‘a story that has really happened’ of the newspaper tjerita texts before WW II prayer house a tale in a series of four verses Islamic law (Isl.) Sufi approach to ta’wil (Isl.) principles for interpretation (Isl.) principle of God’s unity and transcendence (Jv.) c. self-restraint see arak (Isl.) teacher a kiosk or a small restaurant the Javanese versions of the Indian eposes (the shadow play) (Isl.) chanting prayers, often the confession of faith

281

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282

BIBLIOGRAPHY Newspaper articles and items are referred to by URL when they have not been identified as print editions (edisi cetak). The majority of Indonesian newspaper short stories are since mid 2002 archived at the convenient Sastra Koran Indonesia site (available 061023). Complete works, articles and journal short stories from the same year by the same author have letters added in alphabetic order. Newspaper short stories by the same author and newspaper articles/reports without author are distinguished by title and date. Publication dates are in the order Y, M, D.

LITERARY WORKS Agustin, U. 2002. ‘Kutu di Kepala Suamiku’, Media Indonesia 021229. Ajidarma, S. G. 1993. Penembak Misterius: Kumpulan Cerita Pendek. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Graffiti. ____. 1994. Saksi Mata. Yogyakarta: Bentang Budaya. ____. 1996. Sebuah Pertanyaan untuk Cinta. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ____. 2001a. Iblis Tidak Pernah Mati. Yogyakarta: Galang Press. ____. 2001a. ‘Clara’, Iblis Tidak Pernah Mati, pp. 97-111. Yogyakarta: Galang Press. ____. 2001b. ‘Perempuan Preman’, Dunia Sukab, pp. 145-155. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. ____. 2002. ‘Melodrama di Negeri Komunis’, Media Indonesia 021201. ____. 2003. (ed.) Cerpen Pilihan Kompas 1970-1980 Dua Kelamin bagi Midin. Jakarta: Penerbit Kompas. ____. 2004. Jazz, Parfum dan Insiden. Yogyakarta: Bentang. [1996] Alfathi, M. 2003. Layang-layang Putus. Yogyakarta: Akademi Kebudayaan Yogyakarta. Ali (Raja Haji). 2000. Gurindam Duabelas Sejumlah Sajak Lain. Yayasan Pusaka Riau. [Tuhfat alNafis c. 1866] Alisjahbana, S. T. 1936. Lajar terkembang. Batavia: Balai Pustaka. Amal, N. 2003. Cala Ibi. Jakarta: Pena Gaia Klasik. Amatullah, A. A. 2003. ‘Kepak-Kepak Pusaka’, Jatuh Cinta Pada Bunga, pp. 78-86. Solo: Era Novis. Anwar, C. 2003. ‘Aku’, Aku ini Binatang Jalang, p. 13. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. [1943] Anwar, M. S. 2001. (ed.) Soeharto dalam Cerpen Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Bentang Budaya. ____. 2003. ‘Tikus Parlemen’, Jawa Pos 030126. Ardellia, M. 2004. Me Versus High Heels. Jakarta: KPGU. Arkeman, L. 2002. ‘Orang Gila’, Republika 021020. Ayu, D. M. 2002a. ‘Mereka Mengatakan, Saya Seekor Monyet’, Jurnal Cerpen Indonesia, No. 1, pp. 40-50. ____. 2002b. ‘menyusu ayah’, Jurnal Perempuan, No. 26, pp. 152-156. ____. 2002. ‘Cermin’, Republika 021006. ____. 2003a. Mereka Bilang, Saya Monyet. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ____. 2003a. ‘Namanya,…’, Mereka Bilang, Saya Monyet, pp. 90-101. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ____. 2003b. ‘Waktu Nayla’, Waktu Nayla Cerpen Pilihan Kompas 2003, pp. 1-9. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. ____. 2004. Jangan Main-main (dengan kelaminmu). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ____. 2005. Nayla. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Banua, R. T. 2002a. ‘Zikir Segenggam Gigi Buaya’, Horison, No. 11, pp. 25-28. ____. 2002b. ‘Ladang Terhijau Saat Kemarau’, Jurnal Cerpen Indonesia, No. 2, pp. 72-98. Basuki, F. 2003. Biru. Jakarta: Grasindo. Bisri, M. ‘Mubalig Kondang’, Media Indonesia 021027.

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Bojonegoro, W. 2003. ‘Musim Semi Di Yunani’, Jawa Pos 030209. Danarto. 2002. ‘Kaca Piring’, Kompas 021020. Dini, Nh. 1973. Pada Sebuah Kapal. Djakarta: Pustaka Jaya. Djatmika, P. 2002. ‘Jika Iblis Datang Kepadamu’, Jawa Pos 021027. Donggo, AD. 2002. ‘Tantangan’, Republika 020915. Ensler, E. 1998. The Vagina Monologues. New York: Random House International. Furqon, M. N. ‘Jatuh Cinta pada Bunga’, Jatuh Cinta pada Bunga, pp. 177-185. Solo: Era Novis. Gauzillah, A. 2002. ‘Kisah dari Seribu Remaja’, Horison, No. 9, pp. 30-34. ____. 2002. ‘Mengapa Bapak Dibakar, Mak?’, Media Indonesia 021103. Gusti, R. ‘Teropong Bintang’, Waspada 020908. Harahap, R. 2003. ‘Ratu Membisu’, Republika 030112. Harahap, S. 2002. ‘Negeri Penuh Duri’, Waspada 020929. Hartoyo, M. 2002. ‘Sendang Kaliangke’, Kedaulatan Rakyat 021229. Heraty, T. 2000. Calon Arang, Kisah Perempuan Korban Patriarki. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Herlinatiens. 2003. Garis Tepi Seorang Lesbian. Yogyakarta: Galang Press. Hidayat, H. 2003. Keluarga Gila. Jakarta: Creative Writing Institute. ____. 2002. ‘Ilmuwan Gila’, Republika 021215. Hikayat Hang Tuah. 1970. Djakarta: Djembatan dan Gunung Agung. [c. 1700] Hikayat Inderaputera [c. 1700] Horison. 1966. No. 1 July. Djakarta: Yayasan Indonesia. ____. 1998. No. 6 June. ____. 2002 – 2003. No. 9 September. – No. 2 Febryary. Hui, W. 2003 Shanghai Baby. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kunci Ilmu. Husein, A. F. 2002. ‘Jalan Anakmu’, Horison, No. 11, pp. 32-34. ____. 2003. ‘Bagong Raja’, Kedaulatan Rakyat 030202. ____. 2003. ‘Sang Hyang Jagat’, Republika 030223. Idrus. 1978. Dari Ave Maria ke jalan lain ke Rhoma. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. [1948] Inandiak, E. D. 2005. Centhini - Empat Puluh Malam dan Satunya Hujan. Yogyakarta: Galang Press. Ibnu, HS. 2002. ‘Wajah Dalam Cermin,’ Republika 020901. Imrani, A. A. 2002. ‘Ibda’ Binafsika’, Sriwijaya Post 021222. ____. 2003. ‘Aku Naik Haji’, Sriwijaya Post 030216. Jamil, T. I. 2001. Gelombang Sunyi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. ____. 2005. Hikayat batu-batu. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. Jassin, H. B. 1968. Angkatan ‘66: prosa dan puisi. Djakarta: Gunung Agung. Jurnal Cerpen Indonesia. 2002. No. 1 – 2. Yogyakarta. Kalasnikov et al. 2003. Lantaiku penuh darah. Jakarta: Creative Writing Institute. Kartodikromo. M. 1914. Mata gelap: tjerita jang soenggoeh kedjadian ditanah djawa. Bandoeng: Insulinde. ____. 1918. ‘Mata Hariah’, Sinar Hindia 7 Aug. 1918 – 11 Jan. 1919. ____. 1919. Student Hidjo. Semarang: Masman en Stroink. Kayam, U. 2001. Para Priyayi. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti. [1992] ____. 1975. Sri Sumarah dan Bawuk. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. Khalieqy, A. El. 2001. Perempuan Berkalung Sorban. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Kesejahteraan Fatayat Yogyakarta. ____. 2003. Atas Singgasana. Yogyakarta: Gama Media. ____. 2004. Geni Jora. Yogyakarta: Mahatari.

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293

TJERITA AND NOVEL IN POST NEW ORDER INDONESIA

294

INDEX Authors of literary works Agustin, U. 116-117, 125, 264 Ajidarma, S. G. 11, 18, 26-33, 41-42, 54-57, 95, 109, 119, 122, 125, 146-147, 150, 156, 170, 218, 263, 265, 272 Alfathi, M. 225 Ali (Raja Haji) 132 Alisjahbana, S. T. 19, 138, 148, 176, 219, 267, 270 Amal, N. 158, 170, 186-187 Amatullah, A. A. 53-54 Anwar, C. 20, 92, 103, 111, 139, 141 Anwar, M. S. 102-103, 124, 264 Ardellia, M. 158 Arkeman, L. 111 Ayu, D. M. 13-14, 27, 32-38, 45, 55, 70-72, 77, 85, 88, 111, 121, 127, 156-157, 168, 170, 172, 176-177, 180, 182, 209, 263, 265, 274 Banua, R. T. 61-62, 80-82, 87-88, 107, 160, 185, 276 Basuki, F. 222 Bisri, M. 94, 114, 116, 120, 125 Bojonegoro, W. 117-118, 125 Danarto 22, 112, 119, 125, 170 Dewi Dee, see Lestari Dini, N. H. 21, 219 Djatmika, P. 114, 125 Djenar, see Ayu Donggo, AD. 120, 125 Ensler, E. 221 Furqon, M. N. 53-54, 81 Gauzillah, A. 66, 74, 107-108 Gusti, R. 115, 125 Harahap, R. 101-102, 124, 264 Harahap, S. 113, 123 Hartoyo, M. 113, 123-124 Helvy, see Rosa Heraty, T. 212 Herlinatiens 157, 206 Hidayat, H. 27-28, 38-39, 59, 70, 120, 159, 177-178, 263, 274 Hui, W. 197 Husein, A. F. 62-64, 80, 96-100, 122-123, 126, 264 Idrus 19-20 Ibnu, HS. 114, 125 Imrani, A. A. 115, 123, 125, 265 Jamil, T. I. 113, 123, 158, 187-191, 196, 199, 263, 268, 272 Kalasnikov 28 Kartodikromo. M. 18, 137, 219

Kayam, U. 22, 112, 144, 170 Khalieqy, A. El. 187, 221, 225, 247, 256-259, 267-269, 276 Kipandjikusmin 149 Kommer, H. 18 Kristianingsih, Y. 66 Kuntowijoyo 144 Kurnia, A. 77-78, 88, 150, 169, 172 Kurnia, A. B. 67 Kurnia, JR. 72-73 Kurniawan, E. 67-70, 77, 84-85, 87-88, 160, 171, 187, 199, 210, 225-256, 263, 267-269, 272-274 Kurniawan, A. 111-112, 123 Lestari, D. D. 153, 156, 162-166, 169, 171, 214, 266, 269 Lubis, M. 21, 103, 140, 168 Lie Kim Hok 136 Marquez, G. G. 226 Massardi, Y. A. 143 Mihardja, A. 140, 269 Moeis, A. 138 Muhtarom, I. 77, 82-88 Munsyi, A. 132 Nadeak, W. 103-104, 122-123, 264 Nadia, A. 116 Ng, C. 222 Pané, A. 19, 112, 138, 219 Poniran 28, 120 Pramoedya, see Toer Pranoto, N. 109-110 Priyasudiarja, Y. 106-107 Puthut, EA. 118, 125, 264 Putra, K. S. 51-53 Rahayu, D. 150, 172, 174-176, 187, 209, 272 Ramadhan, C. G. 106, 123 Rampan, K. L. 15, 126, 270, 274 Redana, B. 120-121, 126, 177, 182 Rosa, H. T. 27, 40-51, 54-57, 158, 176-177, 182, 263, 267, 274 Roesli, M. 136 Rusmini, O. 33, 172, 185, 187, 191-196, 201, 206, 220, 263, 268-269 Sakai, G. Tf. 71-72, 77, 80, 88, 112-113, 123 Sartika, D. 168-170 Seno, see Ajidarma Siong, T. T. 109, 125 Siahaan, J. 104, 123, 264 Siregar, M. 136, 195 Sopjan, M. 158 Stiawan, I. 177-180, 182-183, 267

TJERITA AND NOVEL IN POST NEW ORDER INDONESIA

Suryani, ST. 115-116, 125, 265 Susanti, R. 49 Sustiwi, F. 117 Sylado, R. 156, 186 Tamba, P. R. 64-66, 77 Tisna, A. A. P. 138 Toer, P. A. 18, 20-21, 37, 43, 77, 88, 98, 103, 130, 134, 137, 139-141, 145-150, 168, 199, 212, 214-215, 219, 226, 269-270 Tohari, A. 144-145 Tranggono, I. 94, 99-101, 122, 264 Triwikromo, T. 94-96, 109, 122, 126, 264, 274 Thukul, W. 114, 146, 148-149 Tunas, E. 105-106, 123 Utami, Ayu. 12-13, 28, 33, 69, 79, 130, 156158, 160, 168-173, 182-183, 186-187, 198-

221, 224, 239, 242-243, 246, 252-255, 258, 263, 267-269, 271-275 Wardhana, Sp. V. 109 Wati, R. 50-51, 263 Wibowo, S. 186 Widodo, H. 59-61, 116, 183 Widowati, A. 187, 225, 259-261, 267, 269270, 272, 276 Winarni, S. 117, 125 Winarsho, T. 31, 94, 108-111, 113-115, 118119, 122-126, 264, 272 Wulan, M. 38-40, 55, 91, 120, 150, 177-180, 182, 216, 220, 225, 263, 267, 269 Yoga, S. 74-79, 88 Yusuf, N. R. 157, 187, 198, 221-224, 266267, 269-270, 275 Zazili, A. 92, 124

Other references, terms and words abangan 8-9, 105, 123, 182, 279 adiluhung 10, 28, 38, 70, 82, 89, 130, 144, 172-173, 175, 177, 182-183, 255, 279 androgynous 206, 212, 215-216, 271; bisexual 131 angkatan (generation) 3, 6, 8, 13, 32-33, 38, 40, 45-46, 50, 54, 56, 70, 72, 85, 87-88, 92, 94, 97, 98, 104, 108, 111, 123, 126, 142, 159, 162, 177, 198, 216, 241, 261, 263, 267, 270, 272; – Balai Pustaka 136; – Pujangga Baru 19, 138; – ’45 (revolutionary) 6, 10, 19-22, 97, 99-100, 122, 139, 141-142, 146, 227, 269; – terbaru 141, 270; – ’66 (and 1970) 6, 10, 20-22, 59, 141, 145-146, 167-168, 170, 181; – 2000 (see also K. L. Rampan) 15, 28, 140, 147, 169, 274; Post New Order 117, 122, 168, 186, 217, 225, 267; – Y 50, 162 authoritarian (-ism) 9, 15, 37, 45-46, 50-51, 56, 100, 112, 149, 183, 197, 214-217, 221, 232, 260, 269-270, 274; anti – 33, 64, 240, 259, 263; style 95, 240, 255

160, 167-169, 178, 180, 182-183, 185, 242, 256, 263, 267, 272, 274; Balai Pustaka 2122, 137, 142; Lekra 140-141; anti – 240 Cantik itu Luka 67, 225-256, 267-274 censorship 12, 19, 22, 26, 28-30, 55, 92, 134, 137, 141, 147-151, 154, 172, 185, 265; self – 143, 148 Chinese-Indonesian 147, 231; writers, fiction, themes 18, 20, 109-110, 137, 139; violence against 31, 108, 217 Cixous, H. 38, 176, 192, 200, 204, 206, 209210, 213, 217-218, 271 Clara 30-32, 42, 109, 272 corporate (-ism, -ions) 10, 12, 14, 163-165, 198-199, 213, 217, 255, 266 Communism, PKI 7, 9, 69-70, 83-85, 89, 137, 142, 199, 213-214, 230-239, 241, 255, 273, 275, 279, 281; anti – 7, 150-151, 235 corruption, KKN 11, 14, 97-98, 103-105, 122-123, 140, 151, 216, 222, 259-260, 264, 270, 280 Crowther, P . 4, 274 CWI, see Hidayat

Bakhtin, M. M. 2-4, 14, 29, 37-38, 56, 78, 87, 123, 133-134, 164, 168, 173, 175, 180, 186, 197, 204, 213, 221, 240-243, 251, 253-255, 266, 279-280 Balai Pustaka 18-19, 21, 136-138, 142, 153, 156 Bali 25, 61, 131, 191-196, 211; terms, see glossary Bourdieu, P. 1, 4, 13, 135, 167, 169-170, 173, 176

dance 13-14, 52, 95, 183, 192-193, 195, 201204, 213, 216-218, 280; ronggeng, gandrung 144-145, 201, 281; dangdut 1314, 105, 150, 183, 279 democracy (see also reformasi) 11-13, 15, 103, 123-124, 140, 145, 147, 161, 164, 168, 177, 181-182, 197, 199, 215, 260, 264, 270; pluralism 9, 11-12, 15, 32, 147, 158, 175, 177, 202, 220, 266, 268, 270 (see also homosexuality); Guided Democracy 143; liberal – 145 Davis, L. J. 4, 6, 224

canon, -ization, -ical 4-5, 10, 18, 23, 27, 88, 91, 122, 126, 129, 133, 137-138, 141-142,

296

INDEX

Development, see Pembangunan and Sumatra Irama, Rhoma 13, 150-151, 183, 267 identity 1, 9, 56, 69, 139-140, 183, 191, 201205, 215, 217-218, 226, 245, 260-261, 263, 268-269, 271-272; intentional 37, 47, 214; see also gender, androgynous and hybrid ideology (worldview) 4, 6, 52, 56, 135, 145146, 149, 153, 163, 165, 168-169, 171, 177, 198, 214, 259-260, 263, political – 9; New Order 7-11, 94, 143, 149, 199 (see also Communism), organicism 9, 225; Javanese – 8-9, 61, 98, 123, 131, 270, 280 (see terms pp. 8-9, glossary, kodrat and wayang); Islam as – 40, 45, 49, 53, 56; universal humanism as – 22, 64, 123, 146; – in fiction 7, 11, 145-146, 171; ideologim 6, 61, 257258, 260, 279; pluralism, see democracy; see also feminism indie, independen 162, 166, 266; film – 12 Inul Daratista 13-14, 150, 183, 266 Islam 8-9, 11, 71-72, 96, 149, 151, 177; fiction 40-55 (consciously Muslim), 73-74 (existentialism), 114-116, 120, 158, 256259, 263, 269 (see also FLP); Koran 9, 41, 44, 55-56, 73, 114, 149, 257, 263; Muhammad (SAW) 45, 115, 149; activism 40-43, 53; syariat, syariah (law) 50, 53, 177, 182-183, 281; jihad 13, 41, 43-45, 57, 183, 276, 280; jilbab (veil) 41, 44-46, 5051, 263; tauhid 53, 71, 81, 281; terms and literary concepts, see also p. 41 and glossary; see also Sufism

feminine 13-14, 38, 46, 131, 176, 195, 201, 213, 215, 268; feminine writing 38, 192, 196, 200, 218, 273 (see also Cixous) feminism 32, 36-38, 55, 100, 108, 124-125, 172, 175, 200-202, 212, 215-217, 268-269 field, fields (Bourdieu) 1, 7, 20, 24, 87, 122, 135, 137, 142, 147, 150-151, 167-170, 180183, 264, 267, 274 FLP 40, 49-56, 169, 186, 263, 274, 279 FPI 150-151, 279 heteroglossia, monoglossia 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, 37, 133, 172, 181, 187, 217, 265, 279 Hikayat Hang Tuah 132-133, 190, 271 G30S, 1965-1966 and immediate aftermath 6, 7, 21, 69-70, 80, 85, 89, 96, 127, 142, 144, 211-213, 229, 231-239, 242, 255, 263, 273, 279; Lt. Col. Untung 7, 236; Lubang Buaya 7, 214, 218, 280 gender, – discourse 1, 9, 13-14, 33, 37-38, 110-111, 117, 122-125, 135, 146, 151, 154, 181, 183, 191 198-203, 206, 211-221, 256258, 260-261, 264-265, 269-271, 273; – distribution 25; kodrat 9, 124, 215, 261, 270, 280; patriarchy 35, 38, 49, 56, 117, 171, 174, 181, 193, 196, 200-201, 256, 263, 268-269; misandry 117, 125, 196, 216, 258, 264; see also androgynous generations, see angkatan Gramsci, A 1, 130-131, 138, 145-146, 187, 191 grotesque; 228, 246-255, 271-273; – realism 240-244

Jaring-jaring Merah 41-43, 45, 49, 59, 87, 149, 272 Jassin, H. B. 21, 141-142, 148-149, 160, 167168, 181, 265-266 Jauss, H. R. 28 Java 8, 11, 49, 61, 82, 92, 94, 126, 131, 134, 144, 225, 256; Javanization 11, 22, 143145; see also wayang and ideology jilbab, see Islam Jurnal Cerpen Indonesia 59, 67-90

Hawthorn, J. 14-15 Hindu (-ism,) 130-131, 191, 199; – Buddhism 8, 219; Siwa 130-131, 212; Durga 48, 130131, 211-212, 215; caste (Sudra, Brahmin, see also Rusmini) 8, 191-195, 268, 279281; Indian epics, see Mahabharata Homosexuality 93, 111-112, 118-119, 123 (gay rights), 163, 201, 219-224; lesbianism 157-158, 179, 182, 193, 203-204, 206, 215, 220; waria, transvestite rights 157-158 Horison 5, 10, 12, 20-22, 24, 41, 47, 59-67, 74, 77, 80-81, 86-89, 142, 160, 168, 263 human rights, – discourse 12, 29, 31, 42-43, 60-61, 69, 103, 109, 124, 146-147, 191, 196, 199-200, 208, 213-214, 260, 263, 272, 277; Human Rights Watch 204, 215, 275 hybrid, –ity 14, 37-38, 45, 47, 134, 159, 207, 218, 226, 245, 258, 266, 270-271, 273

kejawen 8, 144, 219, 229, 280 KKN, see corruption kodrat, see gender Kompas 22, 24, 25, 27, 91-92, 94, 99, 101, 109, 118, 122, 124, 126, 156, 263, 265 komunitas 25, 154, 159-161, 174 Langit Merah Jakarta, see Widowati Larung 198-219, 222, 242, 267, 273, 275 liberal, –ism 8, 27, 55, 57, 119, 138, 145, 160, 197, 259; fiction and authors 32, 121,

297

TJERITA AND NOVEL IN POST NEW ORDER INDONESIA

263, 266-269, see also Djenar M. Ayu, Wulan, Supernova (Lestari), Ch. 10, sastrawangi, and Ch. 8 for debates; policy/economy 135, 165, 181, 197

270, 276-277, 281; moral – 14, 146 sado-masochism and Sacher-Masoch 37-38, 150, 174-175, 208-209, 215, 219, 272 Said, E. W. 6 Saman 12-14, 156-157, 160, 168-172, 176, 198-223, 267, 275 santri 8-9, 51, 105, 123, 182, 256, 281 sastrawangi 13, 27, 32, 38, 118, 120-121, 125-126, 172, 179, 197, 261 Serat Centhini 134, 203, 219 sex 27, 39, 76, 142, 157, 172, 174, 183, 193, 197, 200, 213, 223-224, 230, 244, 246, 254, 261, 266, 269, 272, 276; attitudes to 13-14, 57, 172, 174, 180, 204-210, 214-216 (sexism), 252-253, 257, 273; depiction historically 137, 176, 219-221; bisexuality 206, 215; incest; 119, 253; – policies 10, 150; prostitution 76, 163-164; see also rape, homosexuality and sado-masochism social change 9, 43, 46, 154, 161, 199, 206, 246; INSIST 160, 225; – and literature 1, 4, 17, 145, 186 Soeharto 1, 7, 10-12, 28, 64, 85, 92, 108-109, 151, 190, 226, 231, 243, 261, 276-277 Soekarno 1, 7, 140-141, 143, 151 Stecker, R. 23, 266 Sufism 8, 281; in literature 22, 53-56, 81, 114, 116, 119, 121, 131-132, 144, 245 Sumatra 21-22, 71, 91-92, 105, 125-126, 129, 132, 138, 171, 275; Development in – 113, 123, see Jamil Supernova, see Lestari

magic realism, see marvellous Mahabharata 8, 61, 131, 223, 229, 280 Mahadewa Mahadewi, see Yusuf Maier, H. 129, 132-134, 140, 148-149, 190, 271 Manikebu 21, 141-142, 147, 280 marvellous 94, 96, 120, 195, 210, 226-229, 239-240, 242, 252, 264, 272, 274; – realism 226, 254-255 Megawati Soekarnoputeri 102, 149, 208, 264, 276 menyusu ayah 35-38, 45, 216, 271-272 militarism 7, 9, 14, 37, 42, 56, 82-84, 124, 183, 196-197, 214, 216-217, 226, 231, 255, 269-270; anti – 43, 263, 272 misandry, see gender moksa 115-116, 132, 144, 239, 242, 244, 280 Moretti, F. 4, 185-186, 232, 234 MUI 13, 149-150, 267, 280 New Order 1, 6-12, 20-22, 29, 59, 87, 94, 97, 142-147, 167, 182, 185, 187, 219; in fiction 198-199, 237-239, 259-260 novelization 4, 87, 133-134, 185, 263-266 Pancasila 7, 9, 10, 140, 142-143, 145, 201, 207, 230, 280 Pembangunan 9, 10, 12, 97, 112-113, 144, 188, 198-199, 213, 260, 280 Perempuan Semua Orang 108-109, 272 Petrus (penembak misterius) 28, 69-70, 227, 231, 234, 239, 244, 280 pluralism, see democracy polyglossia 134, 267 post-modernism 14-15, 31, 169, 185, 218 post-colonialism 1, 14, 18, 37-38, 134, 138, 140, 217, 226, 247, 254 priyayi 8, 10, 50-51, 131, 144, 177, 182, 281 publishing 136-137, 140, 143, 153-158, 160161, 165; alternative – 153-155 (APA), 158, 160-162

Teater Utan Kayu 160, 165, 168, 182 Teeuw, A. 19-21, 136-143, tepa selira 9, 51, 281 violence 47, 49, 73, 78; New Order, state; 1112, 31, 7, 42, 117 (ethnic), 148; in fiction 27, 53, 55, 57, 94-103, 106, 123-124, 177, 179, 186, 260, 264-264, 272, 274; New Order, state 28-30 (Seno), 69, 84, 124, 188189, 214, 233-239, 255, 260, see also Jaring-jaring Merah (Aceh) and G30S; ethnic, see Clara and Perempuan Semua Orang; against women 108-112, see also rape; domestic – 35-38, 110-111, 117, 252, 258

rape 30-31, 36-37, 52-53, 57, 60, 65, 100, 108, 113, 174, 193, 209-210, 227, 239, 245247, 249, 251-252, 263, 272-273; as state violence 31, 42, 108-109, 124, 188, 208209, 275; marital – 217, 244, 247, 251, 258259; incest, see menyusu ayah and p. 174 reform, reformasi 1, 10-12, 25, 127, 151, 154, 168, 172, 181-182, 196-198, 223, 260-261,

wayang 8, 60-61, 87, 89, 95, 97-99, 116, 123, 130-132, 143-144, 183, 206, 214, 223, 228, 240-241, 270, 281; related terms, see p. 8 and glossary Zima, P. 6

298