Sistem Informasi Manajemen Materi 4 Information System Engineering (1)
Dr. Hary Budiarto
Information System Services Organization
Information Systems Analysis Information systems analysis merupakan salah satu kegiatan dari fase pengembangan implementasi sistem informasi yang berfokus pada penyelesaian permasalahan bisnis yang tidak tergantung pada jenis teknologi yang digunakan.
System Owners System owners adalah lembaga yang menyediakan dana dalam implementasi proyek sistem informasi yang meliputi pengembangan, operasional dan perawatan sistem informasi.
System Users System users adalah SDM yang terlibat langsung secara reguler implementasi sistem informasi yang terdiri dari capturing, validating, entering, responding, storing, dan exchanging data & informasi. Nama lain dari system user adalah klien (client) yang meliputi : – Internal users » Clerical and service workers » Technical and professional staff » Supervisors, middle managers, and executive managers » Remote and mobile users (internal but disconnected) – External users
System Designers and System Builders System designers bertugas untuk menerjemahkan kebutuhan kegiatan bisnis system users ke suatu perancangan teknis sistem informasi yang meliputi perancangan computer files, databases, inputs, outputs, screens, networks, dan programs yang sesuai dengan keinginan system users. System builders bertugas untuk membangun seluruh komponen sistem informasi berbasis pada spesifikasi teknis dari system designers. Dalam sejumlah kasus biasanya system designer dan builder merupakan satu institusi yang sama personilnya.
Information System Building Blocks
The Systems Analyst as a Facilitator
The DATA Focus
The DATA Focus
System owners’ perspective – Business knowledge is the insight that is gained from timely, accurate, and relevant information. (Recall that information is a product of raw data.) System users’ perspective – Data requirements are a representation of users’ data in terms of entities, attributes, relationships, and rules. Data requirements should be expressed in a format that is independent of the technology that can or will be used to store the data. System designers’ perspective – Database schema System builders’ perspective – Database management system
The PROCESS Focus
The PROCESS Focus
System owners’ perspective – Business functions are ongoing activities that support the business. Functions can be decomposed into other subfunctions and eventually into processes that do specific tasks. – A cross-functional information system supports relevant business processes from several business functions without regard to traditional organizational boundaries such as divisions, departments, centers, and offices.
The PROCESS Focus
System users’ perspectives – Business processes are activities that respond to business events. Business processes are the “work” performed by the system. – Process requirements are a representation of the users’ business processes in terms of activities, data flows, or work flow. – A policy is a set of rules that govern a business process. – A procedure is a step-by-step set of instructions and logic for accomplishing a business process.
The PROCESS Focus
System designers’ perspectives – An application schema is a model that communicates how selected business processes are, or will be, implemented using the software and hardware. – Software specifications represent the technical design of business processes to be automated or supported by computer programs to be written by system builders. System builders’ perspectives – Application programs are language-based, machinereadable representations of what a software process is supposed to do, or how a software process is supposed to accomplish its task. – Prototyping is a technique for quickly building a functioning, but incomplete model of the information system using rapid application development tools.
The INTERFACE Focus
The INTERFACE Focus
System owners’ perspective System users’ perspectives – Interface requirements are a representation of the users’ inputs and outputs. System designers’ perspective – User dialogues describe how the user moves from window-to-window, interacting with the application programs to perform useful work. System builders’ perspective – Middleware is a layer of utility software that sits in between application software and systems software to transparently integrate differing technologies so that they can interoperate.
The Role of the Network in IS
DATA Building Blocks
PROCESS Building Blocks
The Network
INTERFACE Building Blocks
A COMMUNICATIONS Focus in IS
Information System Development Focus
Process of System Development A system development process is a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables, and automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain information systems and software.
A project is a [temporary] sequence of unique, complex, and connected activities having one goal or purpose and that must be completed by specific time, within budget, and according to specification.
Project versus Process Management Project management is the process of scoping, planning, staffing, organizing, directing, and controlling the development of an acceptable system at a minimum cost within a specified time frame. Process management is an ongoing activity that documents, manages the use of, and improves an organization’s chosen methodology (the “process”) for system development. Process management is concerned with the activities, deliverables, and quality standards to be applied to all projects.
Measures of Project Success – – – –
The resulting information system is acceptable to the customer. The system was delivered “on time.” The system was delivered “within budget.” The system development process had a minimal impact on ongoing business operations. Project management Function : – Scoping, Planning, Estimating ,Scheduling – Organizing, Directing, Controlling – Closing
Project Management Life Cycle
Project Management Tools & Techniques A PERT chart is a graphical network model that depicts a project’s tasks and the relationships between those tasks. A Gantt chart is a simple horizontal bar chart that depicts project tasks against a calendar. Each bar represents a named project task. The tasks are listed vertically in the left-hand column. The horizontal axis is a calendar timeline.
PERT Chart Project Initiation 5-3-2008
N/A
5-3-2008
N/A
Legend Task Scheduled Scheduled Start Finish Actual Actual Start Finish
Preliminary Investigation 5-3-2008
5-12-2008
5-3-2008
5-11-2008
Problem Analysis
Task
Requirements Analysis
intertask dependency
Scheduled Scheduled Start Finish Actual Actual Start Finish
Decision Analysis
5-12-2008
6-12-2008
5-28-2008
7-15-2008
6-13-2008
7-30-2008
5-12-2008
6-14-2008
5-30-2008
7-18-2008
6-13-2008
8-3-2008
Design
Construction
7-3-2008
9-25-2008
7-19-2008
11-13-2008
7-5-2008
10-9-2008
7-20-2008
In Progress
Implementation 9-10-2008
12-14-2008
TBD
TBD
Gantt Chart 2008 ID
Task Name May
1
Preliminary investigation
2
Problem analysis
3
Requirements analysis
4
Decision analysis
5
Design
6
Construction
7
Implementation
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Today Complete Task
Legend Incomplete Task
Oct
Nov
Dec
Microsoft Project Gantt Chart
Microsoft Project PERT Chart
